한강수계분지내 하천수의 지구화학적 특성

서혜영,김규한 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

한강 수계 분지 내의 하천수 (지표수)와 서울 지역 지핫의 화학적 특성 규명과 용존 이온종의 기원을 연구하기 위해 1996년 3월-4월 동안 하천수 시료 60개에 대하여, pH, TDS 등과 용존이온의 화학분석을 실시하였다. 남한강과 북한강 하천수의 화학성분은 주로 수계분지 지역에 분포하는 암석에 의해 영향을 받고 있으며, 한강본류의 하천수는 인위적인 오염에 의한 영향이 크게 나타나고 있다. 즉, 남한강은 상류지역에 분포하는 탄산염암, 탄광 및 금속광산 폐수등에서 용출된 Ca(), Mg(), HCO(), SO() 등이 현저하며 북한강은 화강암질암의 풍화 산물인 K(), Na(), Ca()등의 이온종이 특징적이다. 한편 양수리에서 상기 2개 하천이 합류하여 서울 도심을 지나는 한강 본류는 SO(), NO(), PO(), Cl()등 생활하수 오염의 영향이 현저하게 나타나고 있다. 한강 본류로 유입되는 서울 지역의 왕숙천, 탄천, 중랑천, 안양천의 4개의 지천은 NO(), Cl(), PO(), SO(), Mn등 인위적인 오염현상이 크게 나타나고 있다. 한강 하천수의 화학 성분의 군집, 요인 및 회귀 분석 결과, 전체 자료 분산은 오염 인자에 의한 분산이 약 79%, 지질과의 물-암석 반응에 의한 분산이 약 7%이다. 남한강과 북한강의 합류 지점에서의 Cl에 대한 혼합 비율은 약 60:40이다. 1981년 분석 자료와 1996년 자료의 비교에서 암석 풍화에 의한 1차적 용존 성분인 Ca(), Mg(), HCO()등은 변화가 적으나 Na(), NO(), PO(), SO()등 인위적 오염원의 성분은 크게 증가하는 경향이 있다. To investigate geochemical characteristics and the sources of the dissolved ion species in the river water in the Han river drainage basin, samples were collected at 60 sites from the Han river drainage basin. The data for pH, conductivity, TDS(total dissolved solid), temperature, and concentrations of dissolved ions were obtained as follows:(1) The geochemical characteristics of the surface water in the South and North Han river drainage basins are mainly controlled by bed rock geology in the drainager basin and in the main stream of the Han river considerably affected by anthropogenic pollution. The South Han river water samples have high concentration of Ca() (ave. 15.42ppm), Mg()(ave. 2.74 ppm), HCO()(ave 51.9ppm), which evidently indicates that the bed rock geology in a limestone area mainly controls the surface water chemistry. The concentration of SO() is remarkably high(SHr10-2:129.9ppm) because of acid mine drainage from the metal and coal mines in the upper reaches of the South Han river. (2)The South Han river and the North Han river join the Han river in the Yangsuri, Kyounggido and flow through Seoul metropolitan city. The mixing ratio is about 60:40 at the meeting point(sample number HR10). (3)The result of factor analysis suggests that the pollution factor accounts for about 79% and the bed rock type factor accounts for about 7% of the data variation. This means that the geochemical characteristics of the Han river water mainly controlled by anthropogenic pollution in the South Han river and main stream of the Han river drainage basin. (4)The chmical data for four tributaries such as the Wangsukcheon, the Tancheon, the Zungrangcheon, and the Anyangcheon show that the concentration of pollution elements such as NO(), Cl(), PO(), SO() and Mn are high due to municipal waste disposal.

THI 증상군에 영향을 주는 건강관련요인 연구

한창규,황규윤안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1996 순천향산업의학 Vol.2 No.1

To obtain the prevalence rate of health related symptoms of white collar workers who were not exposed to hazardous agent and to investigate the relationship between subjective symptoms & health related variables, 11,266 subjects who were employed for government organization & private educational institute in Seoul, Chungnam, Kyungpook area were studied in order to provide basic information for the health management of white collar workers. All th subjects visited hospitals to take biannual health examination provided Medical Insurance Association for the purpose of screening of several important adult disease. Todai Health Index(THI) questionnaire which is modified questionnaire of CMI made by Todai was selected for the questionnaire form of this study. During hospital visit for health examination, Todai Health Index questionnaire of 88 questions were filled up by the subjects themselves and confirmed by medical doctor. Major findings obtained were as follows: 1. The abnormal rate of screening test was 22.7% in male, 8.5% in female, and 19.2% in total subjects. The prevalence rate of disease was 13.2% in male, 4.9% in female & 10.9% in total subjects. 2. The prevalence rate of all diseases increased by age and th prevalence rate of male subjects were higher than female subjects in all age categories except that of the anemic disease. 3. While highest prevalence rate in all subjects was observed in cardiovascular disease(4.8%), the prevalence rate were 3.4% in liver disease, 2.0% in diabetic disease, 1.9% in pulmonary tuberculosis & chest disease, 0.5% in kidney disease and 0.4% anemic disease. Liver disease was more frequent in age group of below 29 years old and age group of 30-39 years old, but in older age groups(40-49 years old, above 50 years), cardiovascular disease was most frequent. 4. The highest mean score of THI symptom category was mental instability and the lowest one was skin & anus symptoms. The most frequent symptom of THI was "think a lot before action" in nervousness symptom category and mean scores of the female subjects in all symptom category were higher that those of male subjects. 5. In symptoms and signs of recent 3 months, the most frequent symptom and sign was "generalized fatigue" and mean score of it was 1.85. Multiple comparison analysis of health related factors revealed that "illness in health status" was the highest score(23.54) in male and sometimes drink & drunken in alcohol intake was th highest score(26.13) in female. 6. In multiple comparison analysis, health related factors such as health status, health management, diet habit, taste character, vegetable intake, coffee & beverage, alcohol intake were found to be associated with th overall THI symptom category in both sex and age and smoking in male, type of job in female were associated THI symptom category. 7. In stepwise multiple regression analysis of mean score of THI symptom category(dependent variable) and health related factors(independent variables), the variables of health health status, taste character and alcohol were contributed to THI symptom category in order and the highest correlation coefficient(r) was 0.4085 in male and 0.397 in female in health status of mental instability. 8. The significant health factors contribution to THI symptoms score in male subjects were, in multiple regression analysis with THI symptom category with dependent variable and health related factors with independent variables, health status, diet habit, alcohol intake, taste character, final diagnosis, coffe & beverage, type of job, age, smoking, health management, meat intake and in female were health status, type of job, diet habit alcohol intake, coffee & beverage consumption, screening test, age, health management. The most significant contribution factor among health related variables was health status in over all THI symptom category.

재발 또는 불응성 비호즈킨 림프종 환자에서 CDME 구제항암화학요법 후 고용량 항암화학요법 및 자가말초혈액 조혈모세포이식의 효과

김세형,한강원,배상병,김찬규,이남수,이규택,박성규,원종호,홍대식,박희숙 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background and objectives : The long-term survival in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) after conventional dose chemotherapy is about 35% and the rest of the patients tend to have relapse. So, in relapsed or refractory NHL, we compared the outcome of patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(APBSCT) with only salvage chemotherapy of cisplatin, dexamethasone, mitoxantrone, and etoposide(CDME). Materials and methods : From June 1993 to December 1999, 25 patients with relapsed or resistant NHL were treated with CDME regimen as salvage chemotherapy. Twelve patients were received four cycles of CDME chemotherapy, and 13 patients were received high-dose chemotherapy with APBSCT following two cycles of CDME chemotherapy. Results : The median follow-up duration was 12.8 months(range:4-68). The overall response rate was 41.7% (complete response rate 25%, partial response rate 16.7%) in 12 patients with CDME only. Thirteen patients who were treated with high-dose chemotherapy with APBSCT achieved 61.5% complete response rate and 15.4% partial response rate, with an overall response rate of 76.9%. The estimated 3-year progression-free survival rate was significantly higher among patients who received high-dose therapy than patients who received CDME only(41.5% vs 20.0%, p<0.05). And, 3-year overall survival rate was significantly higher among patients who received high-dose therapy(51.3% vs 25.0%, p <0.05). Conclusions : In relapsed or refractory NHL, CDME chemotherapy is an effective salvage chemotherapy and allow peripheral blood stem cell collection. Also, high-dose chemotherapy with APBSCT following CDME is superior to CDME salvage chemotherapy only.

IMT-2000 단말기용 PHEMT 저잡음증폭기 설계

한규환,김창우 경희-다반 ASIC 설계교육센터 2000 경희-다반 ASIC센터 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMT를 이용하여 IMT-2000 단말기용 저잡음증폭기를 설계하였다. 저잡음과 고선형이득 특성을 얻기 위해 2단 증폭기로 설계하였다. PHEMT의 등가회로 파라미터는 Statz-Pucel 등가회로모델을 기초로 실측정 S 파라미터에 fitting하여 추출하였다. 2단 저잡음증폭기의 전단은 최소잡음지수를 얻을 수 있는 Γ_(OPT) 정합회로를 입력에 설계하였고, 목표사양에 맞는 선형이득과 안정성을 위하여 후단은 병렬 궤환 형태로 설계하였다. 설계한 2단 저잡음증폭기는 목표주파수대역(2.11∼2.17 GHz)에서 잡음지수 0.8 dB이하, 소신호 이득 32 dB이상의 결과를 얻었다. 전단의 입력측 정합회로를 잡음정합에만 맞추어 설계하였으므로 6.2의 다소 큰 입력측 VSWR을 보이고 있다. 입력측VSWR을 개선시키기 위해 직렬 소오스 인덕터를 사용하여, 전단 저잡음증폭기를 재설계 하였다. 재설계된 2단 저잡음증폭시는 목표주파수대역에서 잡음지수 0.8 dB이하, 소신호 이득 30 dB이상, 입·출력 VSWR 1.4이하, 이득평탄도 ±1 dB의 시뮬레이션 결과를 얻었다.

승용차용 브레이크 Tube-End의 최적설계에 관한 연구

한규택,박정식 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

Brake tube is considered one of the most important parts in automobile. The shape of brake tube-end has a great influence on the function of brake, and the quality and productivity of brake tube have relation to die design. The forming process of brake tube-end is performed by hydraulic press forming machine. In this paper, the forming processes of tube-end for automobile is analyzed and designed to make the optimal form of brake tube-end. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out using DEFORM-3D^(™) to predict the optimal shape of brake tube-end and the results obtained showed the optimal length between punch and chuck is 1.0 ~1.2㎜. The shape of tube-end is in good agreement with the finite element simulations and the experimental results.

여항산 일대의 조류분포: 1994년과의 비교연구

한성우,함규황 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 경상남도 함안군 여항산 일대에 도래하는 조류들의 군집 생태를 1997년 3월부터 1998년 2월에 걸쳐 조사한 결과 총 11목 28과 65종 4,388개체로 나타났으며, 최우점종은 붉은머리오목눈이 Paradoxornis webbiana(831개체 , 18.94%)였으며, 직박구리 Hypsipetes amaurotis(579개체, 13.20%), 박새 Parus major(353개체, 8.04%), 노랑턱멧새 Emberiza elegans(348개체, 7.93%), 오목눈이 Aegithalos caudatus(334개체, 7.61%) 등의 순으로 나타났으며 나타났다. 지역별 종과 개체수는 A지역 51종 1,368개체, B지역 58종 3,020개체로 B지역에서 높게 나타났으며 , 계절적 분포는 텃새가 24종(37.5%), 여름철새 22종(34.48%), 겨울철새 10종(15.62%), 나그네새 8종(12.5%)으로 텃새가 우점적으로 많이 나타났으며, 1994년의 조사와 달리 겨울철새보다 여름철새가 더 많이 관찰 되었다. 지역별 평균 종다양도와 동등한 보편종 수는 B지역의 평균이 2.95(H')와 19.02(eH')로 높게 나타났으나 지역간의 유의적 차는 없었다(P>0.05). 천연기념물에 해당되는 조류는 새매 Accipiter nisus, 잿빛개구리매 Circus cyaneus, 매 Falco peregrinus, 황조롱이 Falco tinnunculus, 솔부엉이 Ninox scutulata의 5종이었다. Community ecology of birds was investigated from March 1997 to February 1994 in Mt. Y□hang, Haman-gun in Ky□ngsangnam-do. A total of 4,388 birds, 64 species, 28 family and 11 order were recorded during censuses. The dominant species were forllowing the order of Paradoxornis webbiana(18.94%), Hypsipetes amaurotis(13.20%), Parus major(8.04%), Emberiza elegans(7.93%), Aegithalos caudatus(7.61%) The number of species and individuals were A area (51 sp., 1,368 ind.), B area (58 sp. 3,020 ind.) and this were most abundant in B area. Status on the distribution of birds were resident 24 species (37.5%), summer visitor 22 species (34.48%) winter visitor 10 species (15.62%) and passage migrant 8 species (12.5%). Means of species diversity (H') and number of equally common species (eH') were most high in B area and there were difference significant no between two areas Similarity among three mountains Mt . Y□hang; Mt. Juheul (0.47), Mt. Wolak (0.38), Mt. Choryeong (0.45), Mt. Chilgab (0.47), Mt. Yeonhwa (0.65)] in Korea were most high between Mt. Y□hang and Mt. Yeonhwa. The natural monument birds were five species: Accipiter nisus, Circus cyaneus, Falco peregrinus, Falco tinnunculus and Ninox scutulata.

모터사이클 엔진실린더의 호닝가공용 혼스톤에 관한 연구

한규택,장명진 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Grinding technology in modern industry society is focusing on research and development for grinding stone and mashining parts for the purpose of high accuracy and high efficiency of products. But, in order to equip the high technology and high accuracy of micro stone which is one of grinding stone, a continuous effort on R & D is required. In this study, the honing processing work of 2 cycle engine cylinder for motorcycle which has an open hole is carried out so as to investigate the boring and hone stone effects on accuracy of honing. As the experimental result of this study, we could conclude that it is possible to secure good conditions of honing by controlling and keeping appropriate cycle-time in the stage of boring for the prior step of honing.

供給重視經濟學의 政策效果에 관한 理論的 分析

韓圭泳 군산대학교 1986 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.2

Supply side economics is advocated improtance of supply side for the revival of American economics comming to a crisis. It is advocated that to decrease in income tax is to increase of the will to work increase the rate of savings as well as investment activity, Increase supply power and tax revenues. Supply side economics is the same concern as monetarist and rational expectationist in the point of anti-Keynesian, but essentially has a complete heterogeneous frame and paradigm. The supply side economics is the economics of national salvation, the give many incentives rather than demand side is to increase, to increase of national income to rise productivety and economic growth. The basic thought of supply side economics sthat taxflation levying high rate to indiviual and firms is to be chronic to decrease of private savings rate, and to decrease investment and production, and so judging those are the main causes of stagflation. The Reagan's economic policy is appearing a reverse happening to the beginning and it is now too early to criticize about thats but I hereby point out about a point of theorical doubt only. A traditional economist reviews that tax reduction is not effect giving a plus to the morale (the will to work), but an effect giving a minus to supply side. Stagflation, concurrent complicated appearance, and it shall lead to deeply the more stoagflaction and inflation. Namely, the supply side economics itself is proceeding to make frame, not completing. It may be true that we may not appraise generally the economic policy because the policy is standing on both sides of foil and effect; the policy is "American" and "Economics Experimentation". The theory that tax reduction can add saving to invest capital formation, economic recovery and guarantee the economic growth, may not come into being for theory. I believe in conclusion as followings: The demand side economics of original economic theory succeeded from Keynes and the supply side economics have faults each other, and it is the best that we must present a new aggregative theory for the complement of their faults and defects.

직업적 연폭로에서 혈중 연량 수준에 따른 선별검사로서의 혈중 ZPP 검사의 타당도

한구석,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to evaluate the validity of current screening criteria of lead exposure and to provide effective information for the better health management of lead workers, author investigated the interrelationship between blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and evaluate the validity of blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test and blood lead as gold standard of diagnostic test. The total of 2245 lead workers (male workers: 1982, female workers : 263) from 12 lead using industries were studied. Blood lead, ZPP, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as lead exposure variables. Personal information on sex, age and work duration were also checked. Blood lead was measured with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (model: Hitachi 8100) using standard addition method. Blood ZPP was measured with portable hematoflurometer (model: Aviv 206). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood lead of all lead workers were 0.7±14.3㎍/㎗(Male: 31.0±14.4㎍/㎗, Female: 28.2±12.9㎍/㎗), whereas the mean blood ZPP of those were 68.1±47.5㎍/㎗(Male: 63.9±43.7㎍/㎗, Female: 100.1±61.0㎍/㎗). The mean value of hemoglobin and hematocrit of all lead workers were 14.5±1.5g/㎗(Male: 14.7±1.3g/㎗, Female: 12.3±1.2g/㎗) and 45.4±3.6(Male: 46.2±2.8, Female: 39.5±3.1) respectively. 2. Validity of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as screening test for blood lead levels of 30㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 50 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 50 and 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. While those test for blood lead levels of 40㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers, those test for blood lead levels of 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 or 70 and 100 ㎍/㎗ ZPP respectively, showing 60and 70 or 80 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. 3. Predictive value of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test for different blood lead levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that positive predictive value of screening test were decreased by the increase of blood lead level regardless of csreening criteria value ZPP and negative predictive value of screening test were increased accordingly regardless of screening criteria value of ZPP. On the other hand, within same blood lead level as a gold standard positive predictive values were inceased by the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP, whereas the negative predictive value were decreased accordingly by the the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP. 4. The correlation analysis of all lead workers among study variables revealed that CPbB and natural log transformation ZPP(LZPP) were better correlated with other variables and found to be better estimate than PbB and ZPP themselves. The age was correlated with all other variables, but the work duration was not. The correlation analysis of male and female workers among study variables revealed the same results with all lead workers. 5. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in female workers(3.223)was steeper than in male workers(2.144). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But there was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable)with ZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were higher than 30㎍/㎗and 40㎍/㎗ were steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗ and 40㎍/㎗. 6. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead. 7. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in female workers(0.0308was steeper than in male workers(0.0253). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But where was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. While the slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable) with LZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were hogher than 30㎍/㎗ was not steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗, there was no slope difference between two groups whose blood lead were less than 40㎍/㎗ and more than 40㎍/㎗. 8. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead, but the difference was not significant then that of CPbB and ZPP. With above results, it is recommended that the screening criteria value of ZPP should be down to 60-70㎍/㎗ from 100㎍/㎗ for male lead workers and screening criteria of ZPP for female lead workers was all right with current value of 100㎍/㎗. So it is recommended to make different screening criteria of ZPP for male and female workers like the hemoglobin and hematocrit screening criteria. It is also preferable to use CPbB and LZPP rather than uncorrected PbB and ZPP in the evaluation of lead exposure for lead workers.

국제물품매매법(CISG)에서 위험의 이전

한규식 국제무역학회 2003 국제무역연구 Vol.9 No.1

국제매매에서 당사자의 책임이 없는 위험으로 인하여 손해가 발생하는 경우가 많이 발생한다. 만일 계약당사자가 사전에 Incoterms와 같은 정형거래조건을 따른다고 합의한 경우에는 위험부담자 및 위험이전시기가 명확하므로 이에 관한 분쟁이 발생할 가능성이 적다. 그러나 국제매매계약에 이를 명확하게 규정하고 있지 아니 하거나 모호하게 규정하고 있을 경우, 이를 준거할 수 있는 합리적인 법규가 필요하다. CISG는 당사자가 별도로 합의하지 않아 생기는 국제매매의 분쟁을 준거할 수 있는 통일법으로서 제정되었다. 특히 CISG의 제 규정 중 위험이전은 매수인 또는 운송인에게 물품을 인도하는 시점과 연결하여 國際貿易의 效率性을 제고하였다고 할 수 있다. 실무적으로 볼 때 운송 중 物品의 滅失 또는 損傷은 흔히 물품이 매수인에게 도착하였을 때 발견되므로, 매수인이 그러한 손해를 평가하고 운송인 또는 보험자에 대하여 損害補償을 청구할 수 있는 더 유리한 입장에 놓여있기 때문이다. 한편 CISG에서는 위험이전을 소유권이전과 연결시키지 아니하여 계약당사자의 손해배상에 관한 이해관계의 衡平性을 고려하였다고 할 수 있다. 왜냐하면 소유권에 관한 문제는 각 국의 국내법에서 보는 시각의 차이가 무척 크기 때문에 이를 통일화시킴으로 해서 오히려 상대적인 불이익을 받는 당사자가 발생하기 때문이다. When no party has the responsibility for loss of or damage to the goods in the international sale of goods, the problem concerning which party should burden the damage or loss takes place. Incoterms makes clear this problem to clarify that the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer when the seller has fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods. Contracting parties sometimes does not specify the exact point of transfer of risks. There are two points of view in order to solve this problem. One method is that the time of the passing of risk is to make connection with the delivery of the goods. The other one is that the time of it is to connect the time of transfer of the property. CISG chooses the second way to announce that the Convention is not concerned with the effect which the contract may have on the property sold. Practically it is reasonable for the Convention to stick on delivery of the goods in connection with the time of passing of risk in sake of equity as well as efficiency to the international sale of goods.