부산지역 수돗물과 지하수의 중금속 농도

김준연,손지언,김형수,김두희,원미숙,김인식,이혜령 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

This study investigated mean airborne CO concention of 15 workplaces, suspected of CO exposure and conducted self-reported questionnaire completion and indirect COHb concentration measure using Micro II Smokerlyzer to healthy 702 adult subjects from 1999 May to 1999 September in order to find a relation of CO exposure and occupational factors, socioeconomic factors, and health related behaviors and confirm the related conditions in the screening test for CO exposure. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of the smokers were 2.55±0.96% and 2.21±0.97% and that got a statistically significant difference, There were not statistically significant differences in the age and total smoking index. Passed times after the last smoking, Working time/day, and working duration were statistically significant difference (p〈0.05). 2. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of non-smoking group were 0.94±0.35% and 0.68±0.47% and that got a statistically significant difference. There were not statistically significant differences in the age and working duration but Working time/day was a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 3. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple regression of the smokers was 38.5 % and passed time after the last smoking, working time/day, and job category were statistically significant differences (p〈0.05). And r-square in the CO non-exposed group was 38.3 % and age, passed time after the last smoking, and total smoking index were statistically significant difference. 4. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple repression of the non-smokers was 66.3% and job category and airborne CO concentration were statistically significant differences(p〈0.05). But r-square of non-smokers in the CO non-exposed group was 1.0% and there was not a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 5. In the smokers of CO exposed and non exposed groups, relation of COHb concentration and passed time after the last smoking was expressed as exponential function, Y = 2.9182e-0.0083x and r-square of this function was 37.4%. Therefore it was more than 150 minutes that passed time after the last smoking was when COHb concentrations were measured as less than 1%. In conclusion, variable, that was statistically significant to COHb concentraion in the both CO exposed and non-exposed smokers, was a passed time after the last smoking. We suggest that you have to restrict the smoking of smokers at least 150 minutes in the exposed and non exposed group before COHb concentration measure in order to exclude smoking effects

Developing Core Elements and Checklist Items for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Korean General Hospitals: A Modified Delphi Survey

Cheong Hae Suk,Park Kyung-Hwa,Kim Bongyoung,Eun Byung Wook,Kim Hyung-Sook,Kim Yong Chan,Lee Hyukmin,Jeong Su Jin,Moon Chisook,Kim Shin-Woo,Yoon Young Kyung,Hwang In Sun,Park Choon-Seon,Lee Mi Suk,Kim 대한감염학회 2023 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.55 No.1

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antimicrobial use by minimizing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The core elements for implementing ASPs in healthcare facilities have been developed by the World Health Organization, international research group and government agencies of various countries. However, to date, there is no documented core elements for implementation of ASP in Korea. This survey aimed to establish a national consensus on a set of core elements and their related checklist items for the implementation of ASPs in Korean general hospitals. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from July 2022 to August 2022 by the Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy with support from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. A literature review was conducted by searching Medline and relevant websites to retrieve a list of core elements and checklist items. These core elements and checklist items were evaluated by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using a structured modified Delphi consensus procedure, using two-step survey included online in-depth questionnaires and in-person meeting. Results: The literature review identified 6 core elements (Leadership commitment, Operating system, Action, Tracking, Reporting, and Education) and 37 related checklist items. Fifteen experts participated in the consensus procedures. Ultimately, all 6 core elements were retained, and 28 checklist items were proposed, all with ≥80% agreement; in addition 9 items were merged into 2 items, 2 items were deleted, and 15 items were rephrased. Conclusion: This Delphi survey provides useful indicators for the implementation of ASP in Korea and suggests national policy improvement about the barriers (e.g., shortage of staffing and financial support) existing in Korea for optimal implementation of ASPs.

수집소비의 동기와 의의

김해인 ( Kim Hae In ),이준영 ( Lee June Young ) 한국소비자학회 2019 소비자학연구 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 현대 소비사회에서 다양하게 등장하는 소비자 유형 중에서 수집소비를 하는 소비자를 분석하기 위해 진행하였다. 이를 알아보기 위해 현재 수집을 하고 있는 20~30대 소비자들 13명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 수집 전 행동, 수집 과정, 수집 후 행동으로 구분하였고, 수집소비의 의미를 분석, 도출하여 연구 결과를 범주화하여 정리하였다. 연구의 주요 분석결과로서 첫째, 수집 전 행동에 있어서 수집품 정보 탐색이 내·외적으로 이루어지며 수집행위 시 비의도적 동기로 시작했으나 점차 의도적 구매로 전환되고, 수집품 구매 시 적절하게 구매예산의 상한선을 두는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수집과정에서는 수집을 하는 소비자들이 과거, 현재, 미래에 모두 수집을 했거나 또는 할 것이라는 수집의 관성적인 특성을 보였고, 수집품 구매 시 긍정적인 감정과 태도를 표출하는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 수집 이후 행동에서는 보유효과 등의 심리 때문에 수집품을 버리는 등의 처분을 하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 수집에 의미에 있어서 수집물들은 기억과 추억을 기록하는 대상물인 동시에 나를 위한 가치소비로서 여겨지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 수집소비는 다양한 소비욕구가 다층적으로 나타나는 행위임을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 통해 수집소비의 보편성과 특수성을 이해할 수 있었으며, 취미와 취향이 보다 세분화되어 가고 있는 소비문화의 변화 속에서 수집소비자에 관한 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of consumers who purchase items specifically for personal collections among the various types of consumers emerging in the modern consumer society. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 consumers in their 20s or 30s who were carrying out collection activities. Based on the output of the interviews, consumer behavior was divided into pre-collection behavior, the process of collection, and post-collection behavior. The meanings of collection-oriented consumption were analyzed and obtained, and the research results were outlined through categorization. The findings of this study were as follows: First, in terms of the pre-collection behavior, the subjects unintentionally started collection activities along with their internal and external searches for information on items for collection, but they gradually moved towards intentional purchases and set appropriate upper limits for their consumption budgets. Second, in the process of collection, the consumers who were collecting showed the inertial characteristic of collection that they had collected in the past and were collecting currently and would continue to collect in the future, and they also expressed positive emotions and attitudes during the purchase of items. Third, in terms of the post-collection behavior, they did not dispose of their collections due to psychological reasons, such as the endowment effect. Fourth, regarding the meaning of collection, the consumers perceived their collections as objects recording their memories and reminiscences, as well as valuable consumption for themselves. Moreover, collection-oriented consumption was found to be a multilayered act that reflected various consumption needs. This study helps understand both the universal and distinct characteristics of collection-oriented consumption and provides theoretical and practical implications on collection-oriented consumers, amid changes in consumption culture in the form of further segmentation in consumer hobbies and tastes.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

정신병적 우울증의 신경심리학적 양상 : 비정신병적 우울증 및 정신분열병과의 비교 Comparison with Nonpsychotic Depression and Schizophrenia

김진세,유승호,정인과,제용진,김해열 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 24명의 비정신병적 우울증 환자, 25명의 정신병적 우울증 환자, 그리고 49명의 정신분열병 환자 총 98명을 대상으로 신경심리학적 양상을 비교하여, 정신병적 우울증이 비정신병적 우울증과는 다른 신경심리학적 이상이 있는지에 대하여 알아보았다. 신경심리학적 검사로써 숫자상징검사, 선로잇기검사 A형과 B형, 수지력검사, 시각지속수행검사, 공간기억검사 및 위스콘신 카드 분류검사 등을 시행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 숫자상징검사, 선로잇기검사 A형에서 비정신병적 우울증 환자군이 정신분열병 환자군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수행능력을 보였다. 2) 시각지속수행검사에서 비정신병적 우울증 환자군이 정신분열병 환자군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수행능력을 보였으며, 정신병적 우울증 환자군은 정신분열병 환자군과 유사하게 낮은 수행능력을 보였다. 3) 공간기억검사에서 정확한 반응의 비율은 정신분열병 환자군이 다른 두 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 수행결과를 보였고, 정신병적 우울증 환자군은 비정신병적 우울증 환자군과 서로 비슷했다. 4) 위스콘신카드 분류검사에서 비정신병적 우울증 환자군은 정신병적 우울증 환자군과 정신분열병 환자군에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수행능력을 보였고, 정신병적 우울증 환자군과 정신분열병 환자군 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 정신병적 우울증의 신경심리학적 양상은 비정신병적 우울증과 다르며, 특히 전두엽의 기능부전을 의심할 수 있는 소견을 보였다. Objectives : A lot of studies have suggested evidences that psychotic depression is different from nonpsychotic depression in many aspects. Hence, the authors compared clinical variables and neuropsychological features of psychotic depression to those of non psychotic depression and schizophrenia in order to find out whether psychotic depression is classified by the different diagnostic category to nonpsychoticdepression. Methods : We examined the neuropsychological features of 24 nonpsychotic depression patients, 25 psychotic depression patients, and 49 schizophrenia patients. The neuropsychological tests that we made comprise digit symbol test, trail-making test A, trail-making test B, finger tapping test, continuous visual performance test, spatial memory test, and Wisconsin card sorting test. Results : 1) Mean score of digit symbol test and trail making test A in nonpsychotic depression group is statistically higher than in schizophrenia group. 2) Nonpsychotic depression group showed statistically higher accuracy than schizophrenia group and psychotic depression group showed similar result with schizophrenia group in continuous visual performance test. 3) Schizophrenia group showed statistically lower rates of accurate responses than the other two groups in spatial memory test. 4) Nonpsychotic depression group showed better performances than the other two groups and psychotic depression group showed no significant difference with schizophrenia in correct total score, error total score, and completed categories score for Wisconsin card sorting test. Conclusions : Above results show that frontal dysfunction might be appeared in psychotic depression. Therefore, we suggest that psychotic depression might be distinguished from nonpsychotic depression.

The Clinical Profile of Patients with Psoriasis in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (EPI-PSODE)

( Hae Jun Song ),( Chul Jong Park ),( Tae Yoon Kim ),( Yong Beom Choe ),( Seok-Jong Lee ),( Nack In Kim ),( Jae We Cho ),( Jie Hyun Jeon ),( Min Soo Jang ),( Jai Il Youn ),( Myung Hwa Kim ),( Joonsoo 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.4

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic in-flammatory disease affecting multiple aspects of patients` lives. Its epidemiology varies regionally; however, nation-wide epidemiologic data on psoriasis depicting profile of Korean patients has not been available to date. Objective: To understand nationwide epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features of adult patients with psoriasis visited uni-versity hospitals in Korea. Methods: This multicenter, non-in-terventional, cross-sectional study recruited 1,278 adult pa-tients with psoriasis across 25 centers in Korea in 2013. Various clinical data including PASI, BSA, DLQI, SF-36 and PASE were collected. Results: A total of 1,260 patients com-pleted the study (male:female=1.47:1). The mean age was 47.0 years with a distribution mostly in the 50s (24.9%). Early onset (<40 years) of psoriasis accounted for 53.9% of patients. The mean disease duration was 109.2 months; mean body mass index was 23.9 kg/m2; and 12.7% of patients had a family history of psoriasis. Plaque and guttate types of psoriasis accounted for 85.8% and 8.4%, respectively. Patients with PASI ≥10 accounted for 24.9%; patients with body surface area ≥10 were 45.9%. Patients with DLQI ≥6 accounted for 78.8%. Between PASI <10 and PASI ≥10 groups, significant difference was noted in age at diagnosis, disease duration, blood pressure, waist cir-cumference of female, and treatment experiences with pho-totherapy, systemic agents, and biologics. Conclusion: This was the first nationwide epidemiologic study of patients with psoriasis in Korea and provides an overview of the epidemio-logic characteristics and clinical profiles of this patient population. (Ann Dermatol 29(4) 462∼470, 2017)

In-Situ X-Ray Fluoroscopic Observation for Motion of Bubbles in Liquid Iron for Correction of Drag Coefficient Used in Numerical Simulation

In-Beom Park,Sang-Joon Kim,Hae-Geon Lee,Youn-Bae Kang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.4

Rising of Ar bubble in C-saturated liquid iron was investigated in-situ by employing a high power X-Ray fluoroscope (maximum power of 450 kV and 4.5 mA) coupled with a high speed camera. This analysis enabled to track the actual motion of rising bubble in the liquid iron. After post-processing of X-Ray images, size, shape, velocity, and trajectory of the bubble were obtained. The bubbles were found to be not spherical, but ellipsoidal. Their average size could be estimated about 1.1×10 -2 m. The bubbles wobbled during rising and arrived at their terminal velocities within 0.1 sec. The obtained terminal velocities revealed that the governing forces acting on the motion of ellipsoidal bubble were inertia and surface force. This was quite different from that of spherical bubble which was widely used in the assumption for the numerical analysis. As a result, widely applied equation for the drag coefficient (CD = 24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re) is seen to be applicable only for low Re regime, and this was also confirmed by the drag coefficient derived from the present experimental observation. Therefore, it is suggested to use the following equation for the drag coefficient CD = max [24 (1 + 0.15Re 0.687 ) / Re, 8Eo / 3(Eo + 4)]. Numerical simulation for the Ar bubble behavior in the three dimensional (3D) continuous casting mold was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the drag coefficient for the behavior of spherical and ellipsoidal bubbles. The numerical results showed that the increased CD based on ellipsoidal regime affected the entire fluid in the mold.

고감도 Ames test(microsuspension assay)와 임파구 소핵시험법을 이용한 변이원성에 관한 조사 연구

안지영,김해준,윤인재,성영자,김영환,장영철 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

In order to evaluate the mutagenic effects of extractable indoor air pollutants (organic matters), we measured the mutagenic activities by sensitive microsuspension Ames test using new tester strains (YG 1024 and YG 1029). And additionally to evaluate the mutagenic effects on vital cell, we examined the frequencies of micronucleus appearing in lymphocytes from dye handling workers and controls. This study was conducted from Jan. to May, 1995. The extractable indoor air pollutants were collected by low volume air sampler in a general office room and 3 of dye handling factories. And the environment of general office room divided into 3 different groups according to the type of room heaters. To determine the frequencies of micronucleus appearing in lymphocytes, we sampled peripheral venous blood from 20 of dye handling workers and 20 of controls, and cultured, and then examined the lymphocytes. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The indirect mutagenic activities of extractable organic matters from suspended particulates collected in a general office room were higher than the direct one. 2. The strain YG 1024 was the most sensitive, and the increasing order of test strains that showed higher number of revertant were YG 1024, YG 1029, TA 100, TA 98. 3. In the general office room, the room using kerosene heater showed the highest mutagenecity, and the next was buthan gas heater, and non-heating room in order. 4. The mutagenic effects of suspended particulates in dye handling factories on the strain YG 1024 was 1.2 times higher than YG 1029. 5. The frequencies of micronucleus appearing in lymphocyte of the circulating blood of dye handling workers and the control were 5.65±2.97‰ and 4.65±0.97‰, respectively. And the difference was statistically significant.

The 13-year experience of performing pancreaticoduodenectomy in a mid-volume municipal hospital

Hongbeom Kim,Jung Kee Chung,Young Joon Ahn,Hae Won Lee,In Mok Jung 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.92 No.2

Purpose: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex surgery associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. Municipal hospitals have their important role in the public health and welfare system. The purpose of this study was to identify the feasibility as well as the cost-effectiveness of performing PD in a mid-volume municipal hospital based on 13 years of experience with PD. Methods: From March 2003 to November 2015, 183 patients underwent PD at Seoul Metropolitan Government – Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center.. Retrospectively collected data were analyzed, with a particular focus on complications. Hospital costs were analyzed and compared with a national database, with patients divided into 2 groups on the basis of medical insurance status. Results: The percentage of medical aid was significantly higher than the average in Korean hospitals. (19.1% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.002). Complications occurred in 88 patients (44.3%). Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) occurred in 113 cases (61.7%), but the clinically relevant POPF was 24.6% (grade B: 23.5% and grade C: 1.1%). The median hospital stay after surgery was 20 days (range, 6–137 days). In-hospital mortality was 3.8% (n = 7), with pulmonary complications being the leading cause. During the study period, improvements were observed in POPF rate, operation time, and hospital stay. The mean total hospital cost was 13,819 United States dollar (USD) per patient, and the mean reimbursement from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) to health care providers was 10,341 USD (74.8%). The patient copayment portion of the NHIS payment was 5%. Conclusion: Performing PD in a mid-volume municipal hospital is feasible, with comparable results and cost-effectiveness.

여가생활 커뮤니티 활성화를 위한 복합형 네트워크 서비스 제안

김해은(Kim, Hae Eun),성문희(Sung, Moon Hee),신혜인(Shin, Hye In),유예리(Yoo, Yea Li),김승인(Kim, Seung In) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2015 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.1

2012년 기준 대한민국은 OECD 국가들 중 연간 노동시간이 3위로 집계되었다. 직장인들의 과도한 업무 스트레스는 그들의 여가생활에도 막대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 대부분의 20~30대 직장인들은 취미를 가지고 있지만, 이를 활용할 시간과 정보, 공간이 부족하다. 본 연구는 바쁜 직장인들의 여가생활을 활성화하기 위해 새로운 커뮤니티 서비스를 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 1차로 문헌연구를 통해 직장인들의 업무실태를 조사하였고, 2차로 SNS 유형별 분석을 통해서 직장인 여가생활 커뮤니티에 적합한 유형을 제시하였다. 3차로 서비스 디자인 방법론인 더블 다이아몬드 디자인 프로세스 모델을 적용하여 발견, 정의, 개발, 전달인 4단계를 거쳐 복합형 SNS ‘Mohano’를 기획하였다. 이와 같은 기준으로, 사용자들이 다양한 취미나 관심사에 따른 게시물이나 정보를 공유할 수 있고, 취미가 같은 사람과의 만남을 제공함으로써 직장인들이 유용한 여가 시간을 보낼 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 직장인들의 여가생활 커뮤니티 활성화를 위해 필요한 사항들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사용자가 원하는 필요한 정보나, 인간관계를 제공할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 폐쇄형과 개방형의 장점을 지닌 복합형 SNS로 사용자의 개인정보 보안에 대한 시스템을 개선함으로써, 신뢰성 높은 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 셋째, 콘셉트 ‘circle in’을 토대로 기획된 ‘Mohano’는 다음 사용성 평가 후, 더 나은 가이드라인을 제시가 필요하다. 향후 본 연구를 바탕으로 앞서 제시된 커뮤니티 서비스를 통하여 직장인들의 여가생활이 향상되길 기대한다. In 2012, Korea has been announced as a third-place for the highest working hours of workers in OECD countries. Their stressful and excessive work incredibly affects on their leisure life. Most of workers in 20’s to 30’s have their own interests, however, they do not have enough time, information, and spaces for the hobbies. This study indicates the suggestion on the new community service in order to vitalize the leisure life for busy workers. According to the analysis, at first, the study investigates the business realities in Korea throughout reference research. Moreover, it suggests a specific form which is appropriate for the leisure community of workers in consideration of the analysis for each form. After that, the hybrid SNS called ‘Mohano’ is designed with four phases of ‘Double Diamond Design Process’ including discover, define, develop, and deliver in methodology of service design. Following the process, users can share posts and information about several tastes or interests and the workers can spend valuable leisure time as it provides a meeting with people who have similar tastes. As a result, the necessary conditions for vitalizing a leisure community are mentioned below. First, it has to provide information and human relationships as the users desire. Furthermore, the hybrid SNS offering advantages of open SNS and close SNS provides reliable service as improving the security system on personal information which users own. Depended on the concept ‘circle in’, finally, the application ‘Mohano’ which was designed with the study requires a guideline after serviceability evaluation later on. Based on the study, from now on, it is eagerly anticipated that the leisure life of workers will be advanced through the community service mentioned above.