Corrective Feedback and Phonological Short-Term Memory in the Acquisition of the English That-Trace Filter: A Conceptual Replication of Goo, 2012

( Jae Myung Goo ) 21세기영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학21 Vol.27 No.1

Recent interaction research has shown that corrective feedback may benefit L2 learners to varying degrees, and that certain types of feedback may be more beneficial than others, engendering much discussion and research attempts to investigate the issue. Goo`s (2012) study is one of those empirical attempts conducted in this line of research paradigm. The present study, as a conceptual replication of Goo`s original study, explores this on-going area of feedback research, the relative efficacy of different forms of corrective feedback, and whether/how phonological short-term memory (PSTM) mediates the impact of different feedback moves on the acquisition of the English that-trace filter. Twenty-nine adult high-intermediate Korean EFL learners were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a recast, metalinguistic feedback, and comparison groups. The study employed a pretest-posttest design. One intensive treatment session was implemented. Two dependent variable measures were developed/administered to assess learner performance: a timed grammaticality judgment test and a timed oral production test. Overall results showed that metalinguistic feedback was more effective than recasts at facilitating the acquisition of the target construction. PSTM was not found to be correlated with the effectiveness of recasts and metalinguistic feedback. Different patterns of learner performance were also observed depending upon the mode of dependent variable measure.

Cardiovascular Neurons Mediating Somatosympathetic Reflex in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Goo,Yong-Sook,Kim,Sang-Jeong,Kim,Jun,Sung,Ho-Kyung 대한생리학회 1993 대한생리학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) includes vasopressor neurons, which transmit activation signals to the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the spinal cord, where the preganglionic sympathetic nucleus is located, to raise arterial blood pressure (BP). However, controversy exists as to the possible depressor area in the RVLM and the pathway involved. The present study persued evidence far the location of depressor neurons and the pathway by simultaneously observing changes in BP and the firing rate (FR) of cardiovascular neurons (CVNs) in the RVLM during the somatosympathetic reflex (SSR) elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation, since CVNs are known to contribute to the generation of the sympathetic nerve discharge. In 42 cats, anaesthetized with α-chloralose, single unit recording was performed, using carbon filament electrodes inserted into the RVLM, enabling estimation of the post R wave unit histogram (PR-UNlT) and the spike triggered average of sympathetic nerve discharge (STA-SND), allowing identification of CVNs. Antidromic stimulation of spinal T₂ segment was followed to determine whether the identified CVN projects axonal endings to the spinal cord (reticulospinal neuron). The sciatic nerve was electrically stimulated at AΔ-intensity (1 mA, 0.1 ms), 1 Hz and C-intensity (10 mA, 0.5 ms), 20 Hz to elicit the depressor, and pressor responses of the SSR, respectively. Simultaneous measurement of CVN firing rate was made. Experimental results are summarized as follows. 1) 20 out of 98 CVNs had axonal projections to the spinal cord and 17 out of 98 CVNs showed FR changes during SSR. 2) Response patterns of FR and BP during SSR were classified into 8 types. 3) These 8 different response patterns could be further classified into those from pressor and depressor neurons. These results demonstrate that some CVNs were identifiable as reticulospinal neurons responding to anti-dromic stimulation and that CVNs operating as depressor neurons as well as pressor neurons exist in the RVLM, both of which are involved with SSR mediation. Therefore, evidence was found that an independent depressor pathway might be involved in the mediation of SSR.

The Role of Service Level Agreements in Relational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: An Empirical Study

Goo,,Kishore,,Rao,,Nam, JSTOR 2009 MIS Quarterly Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study extends the view that formal contracts and relational governance function as complements rather than as substitutes. We investigate how specific characteristics of service level agreements (SLAs) impact relational governance in information technology outsourcing relationships. Eleven contractual elements (categorized into three SLA characteristics: foundation, change, and governance characteristics) are hypothesized to act as complements of three relational governance attributes: relational norms, harmonious conflict resolution, and mutual dependence. Data for the study were collected through a survey of South Korean IT executives. Results of the study support the fundamental proposition of complementarity between formal contracts and relational governance, and indicate that well-structured SLAs have significant positive influence on the various aspects of relational governance in IT outsourcing relationships. However, the study also reveals that change characteristics of SLAs may act as a substitute for relational governance as these characteristics were found to dampen the level of trust and commitment through moderation effects. Overall, the findings support the proposition that well-developed SLAs not only provide a way to measure the service provider's performance, but also enable effective management of outsourcing engagements through the development of partnership-style relationships with high levels of trust and commitment.</P>

한국인의 항파상풍 항체 역가

구홍두,최옥경,장석준,정구영,이정운,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Inspite of immunization, TETANUS remains a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Tetanus has been still occurred more frequently in developing countries where immunization programs are inadequate. In Korea, there is a routine immunuzation schedule with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus(DPT) vaccines at 2,4,6 month after birth at 18 month. But further prophylactic programs are not exist. Moreover, we have usually used only passive immunization, tetanus antitoxin, as a prophylactic regimen for injured patients instead of guidelines of Center for Disease Control. The purpose of this study was to assess the baseline tetanus immunity state and to suggest the proper immunization schedule and adequate prophylactic guideline for injured patients in Korea. One hundred thirty one trauma patients from emergency department of Severance hospital from September to November of 1993 were included. Antietanus antibody titers of the patients were analyzed by ELISA assay. The mean antitetanus antibody titer was 0.728 ±0.236IU/mL. The titers were diminished rapidly with age. In pediatric group(age under 15), the mean titer was 3.251 ±0.426 IU/mL and in geriatric group(age over 64), the mean titer was 0.007 ±0.002 IU/mL which was below the minimal protective antibody titer(0.01 IU/mL). While all of the pediatric patients have protective antibody titer, only 69.2% of young adults(15-39, n=65), 56.7% of adults(40-64, n=30), and 57.2% of geriatrics(>65, n=14) have protective antibody titer. Our results suggest that tetanus prophylaxis is unnecessary in the age under 14. In other age groups, however, our data strongly support the need of prophyulaxis.

다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답해석

구자삼,조효제,김경태 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문에서는 3차원 특이점분포법, 파의 상호간섭이론 및 유한요소법을 결합한 Goo등[29]이 개발한 초대형 해양구조물의 동적응답 해석법과 스펙트럴 해석법을 이용하여 다수의 임의형상 지지부체간의 유체역학적 상호간섭을 고려한 다방향 불규칙파중의 초대형 해양구조물의 운동응답 및 구조응답의 유의치를 동시에 계산할 수 있는 동적응답 해석법을 개발하였으며, 반잠수식 Ring 형상의 초대형 해양구조물을 수치계산 모델로 하여 구조물의 동적응답에 미치는 상호간섭과 다방향파의 영향을 평가하였다. A numerical procedure is described for predicting the motion and structural responses of the very large floating offshore structures supported by multiple 3-D floating bodies of arbitrary shape in multi-directional irregular waves. The developed numerical approach taking into account of the hydrodynamic interactions among the multiple floating bodies is based on a combination of the 3-D source distribution method, the wave interaction theory, the finite element method and the spectral analysis method to get the significant values of the dynamic responses in the multi-directional irregular waves. The effects of wave interactions and directionality on the dynamic responses of a very large offshore structure, which is semisubmersible ring type, are numerically examined.

僞造된 登記申請書에 의해 經了된 所有權移轉登記의 效力

강구욱 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

Article 176 of the Japanese Civil Law enacted in Korea until December 31, 1959 prescribes the intentionism on transfer of a real right. However, the Korean Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from January 1, 1960, changed its principle to formalism. According to this principle of transfer of a real right in the Civil Law, if a person concludes a contract to buy another person's property and pays all of the proceeds of the sale, and if the property is not fulfilled a registration of ownership transfer, a purchaser can not acquire ownership of the property. And According to the principle of joint application for registration in the Registration of Real Estate Act, the ownership transfer registration must be filed jointly by the seller and the buyer. Therefore, if the real estate seller has not filed a valid application for registration, the ownership transfer registration to the buyer is invalid, and the buyer can’t acquire the ownership. However, the Supreme Court has established and maintains a case law stating that it is valid registration if it is coincide with the substantive relation, even if the registration is made by the forged application form for registration. And many theories support it. In this paper, I introduced many precedents of the Supreme Court on this issue, and examined the major three precedents of the Supreme Court and the original judgement. And I proved that the case law can just conceded before enacting the Civil Law, which was legislated on February 22, 1958 and enacted from 1960, but not under the principles in the current Civil Law and the Registration of Real Estate Act. 1959. 12. 31.까지 우리나라에 시행된 일본 「민법」 제176조는 부동산 물권변동에 관해 의사주의 원칙을 규정하고 있지만, 1958. 2. 22. 제정되어 1960. 1. 1.부터 시행되고 있는 우리 「민법」은 그 원칙을 형식주의로 변경했다. 이러한 우리 「민법」의 물권변동 원칙에 의하면 어떤 자가 타인의 부동산을 매수하는 계약을 체결한 다음 매매대금을 모두 지급했다고 하더라도 「부동산등기법」에 따른 소유권이전등기를 경료하지 않으면 그 매수인은 그 부동산에 관한 소유권을 취득할 수 없고, 「부동산등기법」에 규정되어 있는 공동신청주의 원칙에 의하면 그 소유권이전등기는 매도인(등기의무자)과 매수인(등기권리자)이 공동으로 신청해야 한다. 따라서 부동산 매도인이 적법･유효한 등기신청을 하지 않았는데도 매수인 앞으로 소유권이전등기가 경료되었다면 그 등기는 무효고, 매수인은 그 등기가 공시하는 소유권을 취득할 수 없다고 해야 한다. 그런데도 대법원은 ‘위조된 등기신청서에 의해 경료된 소유권이전등기라고 하더라도 그것이 실체관계에 부합하면 유효하다’고 하는 판례 법리를 형성･유지하고 있고, 다수의 학설도 이를 지지･동조하고 있다. 이에 필자는 판례 법리를 형성하고 있는 대법원 판결들의 요지를 소개하고, 그 판결들 중 학설에 의해 가장 많이 원용되고 있는 주요판결 3개와 그 원심판결들을 분석･검토한 다음 위와 같은 판례 법리는 일본 「민법」이 시행될 당시에 부동산 소유권을 취득한 자가 1965. 12. 31. 이전에 소유권이전등기를 단독으로 경료한 사안에 대해 인정할 수 있는 여지가 있을 뿐 우리 「민법」과 「부동산등기법」의 법원칙 아래에서는 인정할 여지가 없다는 점을 논증했다.

사회복지시설의 문제점, 개선 과제 및 전략

채구묵 한국사회복지정책학회 2003 사회복지정책 Vol.16 No.-

본 논문은 사회복지시설의 문제점을 살펴보고 개선과제를 점검해본 후, 이를 실현하기 위한 전략을 탐색해 보았다. 사회복지시설의 문제점으로는, (1) 낮은 보수, 장시간 근무, 과중한 노동강도 등 종사자들의 열악한 근로여건, (2) 시설장의 비전문성, 중간관리자의 전문지식 활용 미흡, 종사자의 재교육 기회 부족, 시설운영의 투명성·합리성 미흡 등 시설운영의 비전문성·비민주성, (3)재정의 취약성 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 문제들을 개선하기 위한 과제들로는 (1) 기본급여 인상 및 모든 종사자들에게 공통으로 적용되는 단일봉급표 제정, 각종 수당의 확대 적용, 종사자의 법정정원 확대 등 시설종사자들의 근로조건 개선, (2) 시설장의 자격기준 강화, 중간관리자의 이직·퇴직을 억제할 수 있는 대안 마련, 재교육제도 강화, 시설운영의 투명성·합리성 제고 등 시설운영의 전문성·민주성 제고, (3) 이용시설의 경우 운영비 전액보조 및 운영비 지원기준 인상, 생활시설의 경우 생활인 1인당 소요경비 상향조정 등 재정확보를 들 수 있다. 개선과제를 실현하기 위한 전략으로는 사회복지시설법인(장)이 주체가 된 개선활동과 사회복지종사자가 주체가 된 개선활동을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 시설법인(장)이 주체가 된 개선활동은 여러 제약으로 일정한 한계를 가지고 있으며, 따라서 진정한 개혁을 위해서는 종사자가 주체가 되어 개혁이 추진되어야 한다. 종사자가 주체가 되어 개혁을 추진하기 위해서는 노동조합이 적절한 방법이며, 노동조합을 통한 활동은 강력한 힘을 바탕으로 사회복지실천현장의 숙원사업들을 효과적으로 해결할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 전국적인 노조결성의 어려움, 시설법인(장)의 저항, 정부의 단체교섭 불응 등으로 일정한 제약을 가지고 있어, 노동조합의 역량을 발휘하기 위해서는 선결적으로 이러한 문제들이 해결되어야 한다. This study examines the problems of social welfare facilities, analyzes assignments for improvements, and seeks the strategies for accomplishing those assignments. There are several problems of social welfare facilities, which are ⑴ the inferior labor conditions such as lower wages, long-time works, and severe work intensities, ⑵ the non-professional and non-democratic operations of facilities such as the lack of professional knowledge of chiefs, the insufficiency for utilizing professional knowledge of middle position managers, the lack of re-education for workers, and the shortcoming of the clearness and rationality of facilities operations, and ⑶ financial difficulties. The assignments for accomplishing these problems are ⑴ the betterments of workers' labor conditions including the increase of workers' basic wages, the enactment of a uni-salary table which is universally applicable to all social welfare workers, the enlargement application of several allowances to workers, and the increase of legal regular workers, ⑵ the uplift of professional and democratic operations of facilities including the strengthening of the qualification criterion of chiefs, the preparation of measures restraining the earlier leaving and retirement of middle position managers, the strengthening of reeducation system for worker, and the raise of clearness and rationality of facilities operations, and ⑶ the financial security including the financial assistance of total amount of operation expenses and the increase of the financial assistance criterion of operation expenses in case of day-time service facilities, and the upward adjustment of the needy expenses per person in case of residential facilities. Improvement activities of chiefs and those of workers can be considered as the strategies accomplishing assignments. The improvement activities of chiefs have some limitations because of several restrictions. So, the improvement activities of workers should be carried out for true reforms. A labor union is the appropriate means for workers to carry out reforms and the activities by a labor union have merits to achieve the long-cherished objectives of social welfare facilities effectively through strong power. But because a labor union has limitations such as the difficulty of establishing a national-wide labor union, the resistance of chiefs, and the nonacceptance of the government officials to demands of collective bargains, these problems should be priorly solved for the labor union to display its activities.

凝窩 李源祚의 生涯와 詩世界의 몇 局面

강구율 경북대학교 퇴계연구소 2006 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.39 No.-

보조 리간드가 결합한 Cr(Ⅲ)-네자리 거대고리 착물들의 합성 및 특성

김구철,한충훈,윤정수,변종철 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl}를 출발 물질로 하여 보조 리간드{L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}를 결합시킨 착물들을 합성하였다. 이들 Cr(Ⅲ) 착물들은 6배위 착물을 형성한다. cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ 결정은 a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 C_(2/c) 공간군이며, 단사결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소 원자와 bidentate로 결합한 acetyacetonate의 2개 산소 원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ 결정은 a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų 및 Z=8의 cell constant를 갖고 있는 P_(bca) 공간군이며, 사방정계 결정체이다. Cr^(3+) 이온 주위에 4개의 amine 질소원자와 2개의 p-chlorobenzoate에서 각각 1개 산소원자가 capped square pyramid 구조를 형성하면서 6배위 기하구조를 갖는다. New chromium(Ⅲ) complexes are synthesized from the starting material of cis-(5.5.7.12.12.14-hexamethyl-1.4.8.11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)dichloro chromium(Ⅲ) chloride{cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(Cl)₂]Cl} with auxiliary ligands {L_(a)=malonate (mal^(2-). acetylacetonate (acac^(-). benzoate (bz^(-). p-chlorobenzoate(cbz^(-). chloroacetate(ca^(-))}. The compounds are a six-coordinated chromium(Ⅲ) complexes. The crystal of cis-[Cr([14]-decane)(acac)](ClO₄)₂ is monoclinic. space group C_(2/c). with cell constant a=20.021(1)Å. b=30.112(1)Å. c=12.708Å. α=90˚. β=127.112(1)˚. γ=90˚. V=6101.1(4)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and bidentate acetyacetonate two oxygens. The crystal of cis-[Cr(tetb)(cbz)₂]ClO₄ is orthorhombic. space group P_(bca) with cell constant a=12.093(1)Å. b=20.358(1)Å. c=28.852Å. α=90˚. β=90˚. γ=90˚. V=7103.1(7)ų. and Z=8. The hexacoordination geometry around Cr^(3+) ion is a capped square pyramid made up of four amine nitrogens and two oxygens of two p-chlorobenzoate.

내시경을 이용한 전두부 지방종 제거술

문구현 충북대학교 의학연구소 2000 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.10 No.2

연구목적: 지방종은 성형외과 영역에서 가장 흔히 접하게되는 연부조직 양성 종양이다. 작은 표재성 지방종은 증상이 없으나 안면부에 발생시에는 눈에 쉽게 띄기에 수술적 치료를 요하게 된다. 전통적인 안면부 지방종의 치료법은 피부절개를 통한 제거술이나 이는 술후 해당부위에 반흔이 필연적으로 남게된다. 최근 성형수술 분야에서 내시경의 이용이 점차 늘고 있어 최소한의 절개만으로 원하는 결과를 얻는 수술법들이 속속 소개되고 있으나 아직 안변부 지방종에 내시경을 이용한 보고가 없어 저자는 내시경을 이용한 지방종 적출술을 시도하여 이의 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 최근 18개월간 전두부에 발생한 지방종 환자 4례에서 내시경을 이용한 적출 술을 시도하였다 종괴의 크기는 직경 2.0 -2.7cm 이었고 2개가 떨어져 동시에 발생했던 1례를 제외하고는 모두 단일 병변을 지니고 있었다. 직경 4mm의 내시경을 이용하여 전부두 골막하 박리와 종괴 적출을 시행하였다. 결과: 눈에 띄는 부위에 반흔을 남기지 않고 모든 례에서 성공적으로 종양을 제거할수 있었고 혈종, 감염, 신경손상과 같은 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 조직학적 검사상 보두 지방종으로 확인되었고 모든 환자들은 미용적으로 매우 만족해 하였다. 추적 관찰에서도 지방종의 재발이나 전두부 윤곽 변형등의 이차적인 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 결론: 본 수술법은 원위부 절개를 통해 보이는 곳에 반흔을 남기지 않으면서도 전부두에 발생한 지방종 제거에 효과적인 방법이라고 사료되며 안면 다른 부위에서도 선택적으로 이용할 수 있으리라 판단된다. Purpose : Lipomas are probably the most common benign soft tissue tumor presenting to the cutaneous surgeon. Small superficial lipomas are symptom free but facial location rendered patients to receive surgery because of cosmetic concerns. Traditional treatment of facial lipoma has been direct excision with incision placed over the tumor which resulted in linear scar on corresponding location. In recent plastic surgery fields, endoscopy-assisted procedures are widely applied for minimal Incision technique so the author tried endoscopic extirpation of facial lipomas to evaluate it's efficacy. Materials and Methods: Four patients having forehead lipomas are included in this study. Diameter of the lesions were ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 centimeter and all had single mass except one case with double lesions. 4mm diameter endoscpoe was used for subperiosteal dissection and lipoma removal. Results: All tumors are successfully removed without noticeable scars on forehead and other morbidity like hematoma, infection and nerve problem. Histologic confirmation of lipoma was done. Cosmetically patients were very satisfied with the results and during follow -up, late comlications like recurrence and contour irregularity didn't occurred. Conclusion : The author concluded this endoscopy assisted extirpation with remote incision results in cosmetically excellent results and should be primary option in facial lipoma treatment.