항정신병 약물로 인한 지연성 근긴장 이상의 유병율

최정미,김종길,장대식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.4

Tardive dystonia is rare late-onset side effect of neuroleptics. This report presents a parevalence study of 1520 inpatients conduced in 4 mental sanatoriums in Pusan City and Kyung Nam province. Our criteria for diagnosing tardive dystonia(by Burke et. 1982) were 1) presence of chronic dystonia 2) history of antipsychotic drug treatment preceding or concurrent with the onset of dystonia 3) exclusion of known causes of secondary dystonia by appropriate clinical and laboratory evaluation 4) a negative family history of dystonia. Tardive dystonia was also assessed using Simpson rating scale for Tardive dyskinesia. For exclusion of other known causes of secondary dystonia, several studies(liver function test, thyroid function test, determination of serum copper & ceruloplasmin level, observation of Kayser-Fleisher ring) were performed. The results were as follows : 1) Twenty-one of the 1520 assessed patients have been suffered from manifestation of tardive dystonia(1.38%) ; sixteen of 1009 men (1.59%) and five of 511 women(0.98%). Sexual prevalence rate was not tatistically significant(χ²=0.92). 2) Eighteen patients among 347 patients less than 40 years old developed tardive dystonia (5.2%) as compared to 3 patients of 1173 over the age of 40(0.3%). This remarkable difference among young aged before 40 years old is highly significant(χ²=with Yate's correction=44.25)(p<0.001). 3) The most frequently affected site was neck(90.5%) the next, head (61.9%), trunk(33.3%) and extrimities(4.8%). 4) Five patients had concurrent tardive dyskinesia(28.5%) : head nodding, eye blinking, finger tremor, stamping movement, puckering and smacking were observed. The severity of tardive dystonia fluctuated without uniform pattern and aggravated when anxious or tense. 5) Duration of exposure to antipsychotics was varied from 3 months to 24 years(mean 5.6±1.60 years). Seventeen of 21 patients have been taken chloropromazine.

直接螢光抗體法에 依한 고양이의 Toxoplasma 感染 樣相에 關한 調査 硏究

張南植,羅榮彦,李英河,辛大煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

A study on the direct fluorescent antibody test using the several organ tissues and stamp smear of domestic cats which are the final and favorate host of Toxoplasma gondii, was performed. The organ tissue used was prepared in 6-8μm thickness by frozen section at -20℃ and stamp smear sample was prepared by smear wet mounting. Fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) conjugates was diluted by 4 fold, 1:4, 1:16, 1:256 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.2). A total of 35 domestic cats which is being commerced in Jungang domestic animal market, Taejeon, was examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Fluorescent zone of Toxoplasma was mainly part of below microtubuel and cell membrane. 2. Fluorescent reaction was no-fluorescent and non-specific reaction in under the titer 1:4, and in over the titer it was reacted in 16 samples of the tissue organ, 4 sample s of smear. 3. Positive rate of tissue specimen was 8.6% in liver, 5.8% in spleen, lung heart respectively, 2.9% in lymph node. 4. Positive rate of stamp smear specimen was 2.9% in liver, spleen lung, respectively. 5. Among 35 domestic cats, infected domestic cats were indentified to 5 domestic cats, corresponding to 14.3%.

연직배수재의 타설심도에 따른 압밀특성

장정욱,박춘식,손대산 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study analyzed characteristics of soft ground consolidation according to depths of vertical drain. As the result, when the depth ratio of vertical drains (L/D) were 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0, consolidation characteristics were similar up to 70% in consolidation degree under one-dimensional drain condition. However, above this degree, consolidation speed became slower as L/D became smaller. Two-dimensional drain condition also showed a similar tendency, but when L/D was 1.0, the consolidation speed was relatively higher.

소세포 폐암의 갑상선전이 1예

장리라,최영식,박요한,문대성,김자경,김성은,최인수,유찬희,남성진 고신대학교 의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Metastasis to the thyroid gland is usually considered uncommon. The most frequent sites of the primary tumor include the kidney, breast and lung. Its presence often indicates poor prognosis. Metastases represent the advanced stage of the tumors and fine needle aspiration cytology is and important way of diagnosis in thyroid metastasis. we experienced a case of Metastatic Small cell Lung Carcinoma to the Thyroid Gland. A 58-year-old man with Graves' disease diagnosed pulmonary nodule in the left upper lung field on his chest X-ray film. The patient's thyroid gland was diffusely swollen, and elastic to hard. A thyroid ultrasonography showed 1cm sized hypodense nodule on the left thyroid gland. The patient underwent a ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass. Cytological diagnosis was a metastatic small cell carcinoma. Then Chemotherapy was administered to the patient. The authors report this rare case of metastatic small cell lung carcinoma to the thyroid with literature review.

다제내성 그람양성균에 대한 Linezolid(Zyvox^(�))의 시험관내 항균력 비교

박대원,정희진,엄중식,황병연,김성범,이재갑,이연주,정혜원,정성주,박재형,이진수,손장욱,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

배경 : MRSA, VRE, VRSA같은 다제 내성 그람 양성균의 등장에 따라 glycopeptide를 대체할 새로운 항생제의 개발이 필요하게 되었고 결과적으로 새로운 항생제인 linezolid라는 항생제가 개발되었다. Linezolid는 이전의 항생제와는 다른 새로운 계열의 oxazolidinone으로 경구 이용률이 우수하다. 원내 및 원외감염의 중요한 원인균이 되고 있는 MRSA, VRE에 대한 적절한 경구용 항균제가 없는 국내에서 폐렴 및 피부 연조직 감염에서 경구용으로 사용해 볼 수 있는 약제이다. 본 연구에서는 고대 구로 병원에서 분리된 MRSA, VRE 등을 대상으로 다른 여러 항균제와 비교한 linezolid의 시험관내 항균력을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 연구대상은 1998년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 본원에서 입원 및 외래를 통하여 피부 연조직 감염증 및 호흡기 감염증, 요로감염증으로 진단된 환자들의 가검물로부터 분리된 MRSA 60균주, VRE 43균주, PRSP 25균주를 액체배지 또는 한천배지 희석법을 통하여 linezolid 및 기타 항균제에 대한 최소발육억제농도를 구하였다. 결과 : 실험에 사용한 S. aureus는 모두 MRSA였고 이들은 linezolid에 대해 MIC_(90) 2㎍/㎖(MIC 범위 1-2㎍/㎖), Enterococcus spp는 모두 VRE로 linezolid의 MIC_(90)은 2㎍/㎖로 MIC 범위는 1-4㎍/㎖였다. 한 개의 균주에서 MIC 4㎍/㎖로 중등도 감수성을 보였으나 MIC breakpoint가 (8㎍/㎖인 내성균주는 없고 모두 감수성을 보였다. S. pneumoniae의 경우 penicillin 내성이었고, linezolid MIC_(90) 1㎍/㎖ (MIC 범위 0.5-1㎍/㎖)로 전부 감수성을 보였다. 결론 : Linezolid는 MRSA를 위시한 VRE, PRSP 등의 다제 내성 그람 양성균에 대하여 우수한 시험관내 항균력을 보임을 알 수 있었다. Background : The emergence of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, VRE, and VRSA, necessitated to develop new antibiotics, which could replace the glycopeptide. As a result, a new antibiotics named linezolid was developed. Linezolid is different line of oxazolidinones with a good oral bioavailability, compared to other antibiotics. Since appropriate oral antibiotics are not presently available for MRSA, which is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections, the introduction of linezolid will have favorable effect on treatment of infections such as pneumonia or skin infections. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of linezolid on MRSA and VRE isolated from patients who were treated in Korea University Guro Hospital. Material and Methods : By using broth microdilution and agar dilution method we measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with sixty S. aureus, forty three Enterococcus spp., and twenty five S. pneumoniae isolates from patients who were diagnosed as skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and urinary infections in Korea University Guro Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2002. Results : All of S. aureus used in this study were MRSA, and MIG_(90) of linezolid was below 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1-2 ㎍/㎖). All of Enterococcus spp. were VRE, and had MIG_(90) of 2 ㎍/㎖ (MIC ranged between 1 to 4 ㎍/㎖). One of the VRE showed intermediate susceptibility with MIC of 4 ㎍/㎖. However, none was resistant with MIC breakpoint above 8 ㎍/㎖. All of S. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin, but they were susceptible to linezolid with MICao of 1 ㎍/㎖(MIC range 0.5-1㎍/㎖). Conclusion : In conclusions, linezolid has an excellent in vitro antibiotic effect on multi-drug resistant Gram-positive cocci, such as MRSA, PRSP, and VRE.

결정방위가 구리합금의 에칭 특성에 미치는 영향

朴長植,張大正 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術 Vol.10 No.-

The etching characteristics of Cu-10%Sn alloys have been examined using EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) apparatus equipped in the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The grains with their plane normal on the etched surface parallel to [001] are shown to have the best resistance to corrosion by the etchant and appear light in the optical microscope. The grains with their plane normal parallel to [111] have the least resistance to corrosion and appear dark in the optical microscope. The grains with their normal parallel to[101]have medium resistance to corrosion and appear gray in the optical microscope. The contrast for each grain is opposite in the SEM pictures. These etching characteristics result from the unusually high corrosion resistance of (001) plane. The other planes suffer accelerated corrosion until the surface is covered with polyhedrons with their surfaces enclosed with (001) planes. These polyhedrons are responsible for the surface roughness found on the grains other than (001) ones, causing the difference in the contrast.

시공간 부호화를 이용한 MIMO채널의 성능분석

정대훈,장은영,변건식 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

The randomness of the wireless environment degrades the system performance considerably. One of the effective techniques to mitigate the randomness is diversity techniques. The basic idea of diversity techniques is to transmit/receive multiple replica of the information through independent channels. In this paper, the time-space diversity is studied and simulated. Also character of SISO, MISO, SIMO, MIMO is studied and simulated.

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 32×32 방사형 CMOS 시각칩의 설계 및 제조

박대식,박종호,김경문,이수경,김현수,김정환,이민호,신장규 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 시각칩을 픽셀수 32x32의 방사형 구조로 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 설계 및 제조하였다. 생체의 망막은 넓은 범위의 입력 광강도에 대해서 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시세포, 수평세포, 쌍극세포로 이루어진 망막의 윤곽검출 기능을 모델링하여 윤곽검출용 인공시각칩을 설계하였다. 국소 광적응을 위해, 입력 광강도에 따라 수용야의 크기를 국소적으로 바뀌게 하였다. 아울러 단위셀을 방사형으로 배치함으로써 영상데이터의 양을 감소시킴과 동시에 칩의 중심부분으로 갈수록 해상도가 높아지도록 설계하였다. 설계된 칩은 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal 표준 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 제조되었으며. HSPICE 시뮬레이션으로 성능을 최적화 시켰다. A 32x32 pixels foveated (linear-polar) stucture retina chip with the function of local-light adaptation for edge detection has been designed and fabricated using CMOS technology. Human retina can detect a wide range of light intensity. In this study, we use the biologically-inspired visual signal processing mechanism that consists of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells in order to implement the function of edge detection in the retina chip. For a local-light adaptive function, the size of receptive field is changed locally according to the input light intensity. The spatial distribution of sensing pixels in the foveated retina chip has the advantages of selective reduction of image data and good resolution in central part to carry out the elaborate image processing with still enough resolution in the outer parts. The designed chip has been fabricated using standard 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and optimized using HSPICE simulator.

일과성 전 기억상실증으로 나타난 크로이츠펠트 : 야콥병 1례

신대수,이승희,이한샘,박성욱,박현영,장혁,장성조,김요식,조광호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2004 圓光醫科學 Vol.19 No.1

재원기간중 사망한 급성 심근경색증 환자의 임상적 특징

현대우,김기식,신이철,박소영,배장호,한창엽,김윤년,김권배 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9