프랑스의 문화외교 : 명성외교에서 영향력외교로

조만수(CHO Man-Soo),박선희(PARK Sunhee) 한국프랑스문화학회 2021 프랑스문화연구 Vol.50 No.1

Cette thèse divise l’orientation de la diplomatie culturelle française de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours en trois périodes. De 1880 à la fin des années 1970, la France a poursuivi une stratégie de maintien de son ancienne réputation par la diplomatie culturelle, malgré le fait qu’elle n’était pas une superpuissance. L’Allemagne après la défaite de la Première Guerre mondiale et l’Espagne, qui ont été économiquement dévastées après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sont des exemples de renforcement de la publicité nationale et de la diplomatie culturelle dans la période de déclin national. Cependant la France qui a consacré beaucoup de temps à la diplomatie culturelle de 1880 à la fin des années 1970 est clairement exceptionnel. Au milieu des changements de l’ordre mondial néolibéral des années 1980 à la fin des années 2000, la France utilise une stratégie de diplomatie culturelle défensive pour protéger son industrie culturelle. Inventant le concept d’exception culturelle et de diversité culturelle, elle cherche à protéger les intérêts français à travers des réseaux diplomatiques multilatéraux incluant des organisations internationales. Après 2008, utilisant le nouveau terme de « diplomatie d’influence », la France a établi et justifié la diplomatie culturelle comme une relation mutuellement bénéfique avec ses homologues, et a réformé le système de diplomatie culturelle afin de mettre en œuvre des stratégies efficaces de diplomatie culturelle. La diplomatie culturelle, qui était dirigée par le ministère des Affaires étrangères, peut être menée par des institutions sous tutelle du ministère des Affaires étrangères, mais avec autonomie, tout en laissant progressivement à un groupe d’experts externes de prendre les devants. A ce titre, cet article entend considérer l’orientation stratégique du maintien, du renforcement ou de la réalisation de sa position sur la scène internationale par la culture alors que la France, qui a régné en tant que superpuissance mondiale, a connu une période de déclin de la puissance nationale du XIXe siècle au présent.

용접공들의 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.

원심펌프 성능에 관한 실험적 연구 (II)

조만호,현동수 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

This work is to investigate effect of operating characteristics of pump according to the rotational speed of pump and the change of flow rate when centrifugal pump operates with the condition that regulated flow, head, revolution number, and specific speed are respectively 0.7 ㎥/min, 8 m, 1750 rpm, 180 (m, ㎥/min, rpm). The pump used in the experiment doesn't have a guide vane and directly connects with outside rim so that the rotational speed of volute pump in spiral or volute casing increase by 100 rpm from 1450 until it reaches 1750. The results of the relationship of Q-H, Q-L, Q-η and the dimensionless performance features such as head coefficient, power coefficient and efficiency are as follows; (1) According to the increase of evolution number, the head and power increase up to the square or cube of the evolution number. At the same evolution number, the power is increased according to the flow. In time of standard operation, the head has a stable feature in the early stage of flow increase from the segment point. (2) The pump's highest efficiency shows 52% with flow rate 0.17㏄/min and head 4.7 m in time of 1450 rpm and 50% with flow 0.18㎥/min and head 6.7 m in the pump's highest rotational speed of 1750 rpm. (3) In each rotational speed, curve of efficiency, head and power is different. Meanwhile, the dimensionless performance valuables show a line irrespective of rotational speed. As flow coefficient increases, power coefficient increases and head coefficient decreases. When the flow coefficient is 0.08, it reaches the maximum efficiency 52%.

遠心펌프 性能에 關한 實驗的 硏究Ⅰ

조만호,현동수 大田産業大學校 2000 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

This study is to investigate effect of operating characteristics of pump according to the rotational speed of pump and the change of flow rate when centrifugal pump operates with the condition that regulated flow rate, head, revolution number, and specific speed are respectively 0.7m3/min, 8 m, 1750 rpm. 180(m, m3/min. rpm). The pump used in the experiment doesn't have a guide vane and directly connects with outside rim so that the rotational speed of volute pump in spiral or volute casing increase by 100 rpm from 1350 until it reaches 1750 rpm with five phases. The study results of the relationship of H-Q features, L-Q features, η-Q and dimensionless performance characteristics. (1) According to the increase of rotational speed, the head and power increase up to the square or cube of the rotational speed. At the same rotational speed, the power is increased according to the flow rate. In time of standard operation, the head has a increase characteristics in the early stage of flow rate. (2) The maximum efficiency shows 53% at 0.170.7m3/min and head 4.7m of 1450 rpm and 51% with 0.180.7m3/min and head 6.7m in the pump's highest rotational speed of 1750 rpm. (3) In the curve of performance characteristics of flow rate vs. head, the constant efficiency curve changes into oval shape without becoming the quadratic equation curve that passes through the origin coordinates according to pump's similarity law.

알코올에 의한 α-Tocopherol이 혈액성분 및 간조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,안인수 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

This study was done in order to observe the effects of ethanol and a-tocopherol on the HDL-chelesterol, r-GTP, CPK, aminotransferase(AST-ACT) and histopathologic findings. The white Sprague Dawley rat were Classified into 4 groups:0.9% NaCl ad-ministration was group A 25% ethanol administration for the each 5,10 and 15 days was ethanol group B(BI, B2 and B3), 25% ethanol administration for th each 5 and 10 days, and 50% a-tocopherol for the 2 and 7 days administration was group C(CI and C2), 50% a-tocopherol pretreated for the each 5, 10 and 16 days and 25% ethanol for the 2,7 and 10 days administration was group D(D1, D2 and D3). The following results were obtained 1. The Biochemical changes of serum HDL-cholesterol, r-GTP, CPK, GOT and GPT activities was significantly increased in ethanol treated group than group D.(D1, D2 and D3). 2. The Biochemical changes of each subgroup in ethanol treated group HDL-cholesterol was most highly increased. The group C1 and DI was near normal. 3. The change of r-GTP activity of each subgroup in ethanol treated group was highly increased than the group B1, The Cl and Dl groups was near normal. 4. The change of CPK activity of each subgroup in ethanol treated group was most highly in creased than the B3 group. the group Cl and Dl groups was near normal. 5. The change of GOT and GPT activities of each subgroups in B3 and D3 was most highly increased but the C2 and D2 was not significant. 6. The histopathological changes of ethanol treated group(B2, and B3) found the lipid droplet and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and mild ballooning degeneration. The group C3 and D3 found the mild infiltration and lipid droplet.

한약재료(단삼, 도인, 당귀미, 솔잎) 추출물이 지방산화에 미치는 영향

김수민,김은주,조영석,배만종 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 1998 생명자원과 산업 Vol.2 No.-

지방산화 촉진인자인 활성산소종 (Hydrogen peroxide, Superoxide, Hydroxyl radical)과 Iron sources 들이 고혈압 치료제로 사용되고 있는 한약재료추출물들과의 반응효과를 in vitro 상에서 검토한 결과 oil emulsion 상태에서 활성산소종은 OH, H₂O₂, KO₂ 순으로 지방산화 촉진작용이 나타났으며, 한약재료추출물 자체도 산화반응을 어느정도 촉진시키는 경향이었다. 한약재료추출물의 활성산소 포집능은 KO₂에 비해 H₂O₂와 OH은 나타내지 않는 경향이었다. 그러나, 전반적으로 지방산화를 촉진시키는 ?? ion binding 능력은 추출물 모두 탁월하였다. ?? ion의 함량은 도인, 솔잎에 비해 단삼, 당귀미가 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, total iron 함량 역시 같은 경향이었다. 항산화작용을 하는 ascorbic acid 함량은 솔잎이 26.97ppm으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 단삼과 당귀미는 19.74, 22.14ppm으로 유사하며, 도인이 5.50ppm으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다.(P<0.05). 전자공여능은 솔잎, 단삼이 각각 79.54%,77.11%로 도인, 당귀미보다 높게 나타났고, SOD 유사활성측정에서는 도인이 0.16으로 가장 낮은 흡광도 수치를 나타내어, pyrogallol의 자동산화를 억제하는 SOD 유사활성이 다른 추출물에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 아질산염소거작용은 pH에 따라 소거능이 다르게 나타났으며, 솔잎과 당귀미가 pH 1.2에서 각각 99.8%, 98.6%의 강한 소거능을 나타내었고, pH의 증가에 따라 전반적으로 감소하는 경향이었으며, 특히, pH6.0에서는 단삼과 도인의 경우 아질산염 소거작용이 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 한약재료 추출물 4종의 기능성은 솔잎 추출물이 가장 우수한 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of herb extracts on lipid oxidation and free radical reaction in iron sources reacted with active oxygen species. The results were summarized as follow; The catalytic effects of active oxygen on lipid oxidation in oil emulsion tended to be showed OH, H₂O₂ and KO₂ in order. At the same time, herb extracts itself were tended to be showed a little catalytic effects. Active oxygen scavenging ability of herb extracts didn't show, but herb extracts played role as a strong chelating agents to bind iron ion if ?? ion exist in oil emulsion. The content of ?? ion Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, and also, the content of total iron was the same persica Stokes and Pinus strobus. And also, the content of total iron was the same tendancy. The content of ascorbic acid of Pinus strobus showed the highest amounts as 26.97ppm among all herb extracts, but Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Angelica gigas Nakai and Prunus persica Stokes were 19.74ppm, 22.14ppm and 5.50ppm, respectively(P<0.05). Electron donating ability of Pinus strobus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. were 79.54% and 77.11%, respectively, which was showed higher content than those of Prunus persica Stokes and Angelica gigas Nakai. The SOD-like activity of Prunus persica Stokes was showed optical density(O.D.) 0.16, compared to other berb extracts which means the most strong antioxidant reaction. The nitrite scavenging effects were tended to be different, depending on pH value as pH value was increased. They were decreased overall. Especially, they didn't show the nitrite scavenging effect in pH 6.0. In conculsion, the Pinus strobus extract among herb extracts were the most effective by evaluation as functional sources.

건물화재시 창문재료에 따른 내화특성 연구

허만성,장문석,조수 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

실제 건물화재에서 창문재료의 내화특성을 평가하기 위하여 건물화재실험이 수행되었다. 4m×3.8m×2.4m 방에서 PVC 창문, 알루미늄 창문, AL+Wood 창문을 각각 설치하고 화원은 소파와 매트리스를 사용하였다. 창문은 아파트 베란다에 많이 사용하는 유리두께 6 mm 사이에 공기층 12 mm인 것을 사용하였다. 건물내부와 창문 주변의 온도분포를 살펴보기 위하여 32개 지점의 온도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 건물내의 온도분포, 창틀의 변화, 유리창의 파손 정도 등을 조사하여 분석하였다. The full-scale compartment fire tests were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of fire resistance of window material under actual fire conditions. The room size used for full-scale room fire tests was 4 by 3.8 m with 2.4 m high ceiling. The windows with PVC, Aluminum and AL+Wood frame materials were established, sofa and mattress were used as fire sources. The window contained pair glasses with the air between 6 mm glasses. Temperatures at total 32 points in the room were measured to find the temperature distribution in the room fire. It is examined that thermal effects on window frame materials such as charring, distortion, melting, structural collapse, and other effects.

위장관 출혈을 일으킨 공장의 형활근종 1예

김병수,장성종,부귀범,조운택,박찬국,김만우,변주남,김정용,전호종 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1

Small bowel leiomyoma is a rare tumor which may occur wherever smooth muscle is present. The small bowel is the most common site and it makes up 20~30% of all benign small intestinal neoplasms. A spectrum of symptoms are common ranging from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, to massive intestinal bleeding. Bleeding is the most common symptom and is usually gross and recurrent. Occasionally it may be life threatening. But, the most serious problem is both the absence of specific clinical symptoms, and the difficulties shown in radiological diagnostics of the small bowel. If conventional diagnostic methods fail to reveal any positive findings for gastrointestinal bleeding, the diagnosis of intestinal leiomyoma should be suspected and an SMA angiography shoud be performed. The angiographic criteria of small bowel leiomyoma is very characteristic. We present a case of leiomyoma with considerable and prolonged gastrointestinal bleeding, which was diagnosed by angiography. A 61-year old woman was admitted with a history of melena over the last 10 days. An SMA angiography showed a hypervascular mass with a diameter of 3×3cm. A segmental resection was performed under the impression of the gastrointestinal bleeding due to leiomyoma of the small bowel. Microscopic examination of the lesion shows interlacing or whorl bundles of spindle shaped ces and no mitosis.

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통한 치어사육용 다단계 배양시스템의 개발 가능성 탐색

정은수,조덕제,이정석,조만기 동서대학교부설연구소 1998 연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

It was researched that the possibility for developing multistage culture system to cultivate larvae by computer simulation with basic experiments. This culture system was composed of 3 stages. Chlorella sp. at the 1st stage are being supplied to the rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis) at 2nd stage, and the rotifer are bing feeded to larvae at the 3rd stage. In this study, Chlorella sp. were cultivated by batch culture to search for the possibility of continuous feeding rate Chlorella sp., ???????? and ??(cells/hㆍrotifer) in the multistage culture system, then the change of the rotifer concentration at 2nd stage was simulated by computer. The required amount of rotifer for the growth of larvae was also increased as the increase of the length of larvae. On the 9th day of the culture, the rotifer uptake rate of larvae was 250(cells/dayㆍlarvae). Based on these basic experiments and results. It was suggested that the possibility of multistage culture system to cultivate larvae with continuous feeding of Chlorella sp. and rotifer.

BPMC 및 인삼액이 흰쥐의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

安茵洙,趙萬熙,金昌世 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

To study the effects of herbicide on the biochemical components of human the rats were grouped in 4 such as A ; administered 4 ppm BPMC alone, B ; 1% ginseng extract alone, and C ; mixed BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day. And it obtained following results. 1. Addecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was GOT, GPT, ALP, total bilirubin, BUN, and uric acid. 2. No affecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was total protein. albumin, and A/G ratio. 3. Group C, mixed administration of BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day, shown no significant biochemical changes. 4. Group B, administration of 1% ginseng extract alone shown as almost same as control group. From these above results it was suggested that ginseng extract was protected and controlled against abnormal biochemical changes resulting from BPMC administration.