프랑스의 문화외교 : 명성외교에서 영향력외교로

조만수(CHO Man-Soo),박선희(PARK Sunhee) 한국프랑스문화학회 2021 프랑스문화연구 Vol.50 No.1

Cette thèse divise l’orientation de la diplomatie culturelle française de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours en trois périodes. De 1880 à la fin des années 1970, la France a poursuivi une stratégie de maintien de son ancienne réputation par la diplomatie culturelle, malgré le fait qu’elle n’était pas une superpuissance. L’Allemagne après la défaite de la Première Guerre mondiale et l’Espagne, qui ont été économiquement dévastées après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sont des exemples de renforcement de la publicité nationale et de la diplomatie culturelle dans la période de déclin national. Cependant la France qui a consacré beaucoup de temps à la diplomatie culturelle de 1880 à la fin des années 1970 est clairement exceptionnel. Au milieu des changements de l’ordre mondial néolibéral des années 1980 à la fin des années 2000, la France utilise une stratégie de diplomatie culturelle défensive pour protéger son industrie culturelle. Inventant le concept d’exception culturelle et de diversité culturelle, elle cherche à protéger les intérêts français à travers des réseaux diplomatiques multilatéraux incluant des organisations internationales. Après 2008, utilisant le nouveau terme de « diplomatie d’influence », la France a établi et justifié la diplomatie culturelle comme une relation mutuellement bénéfique avec ses homologues, et a réformé le système de diplomatie culturelle afin de mettre en œuvre des stratégies efficaces de diplomatie culturelle. La diplomatie culturelle, qui était dirigée par le ministère des Affaires étrangères, peut être menée par des institutions sous tutelle du ministère des Affaires étrangères, mais avec autonomie, tout en laissant progressivement à un groupe d’experts externes de prendre les devants. A ce titre, cet article entend considérer l’orientation stratégique du maintien, du renforcement ou de la réalisation de sa position sur la scène internationale par la culture alors que la France, qui a régné en tant que superpuissance mondiale, a connu une période de déclin de la puissance nationale du XIXe siècle au présent.

용접공들의 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.

遠心펌프 性能에 關한 實驗的 硏究Ⅰ

조만호,현동수 大田産業大學校 2000 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

This study is to investigate effect of operating characteristics of pump according to the rotational speed of pump and the change of flow rate when centrifugal pump operates with the condition that regulated flow rate, head, revolution number, and specific speed are respectively 0.7m3/min, 8 m, 1750 rpm. 180(m, m3/min. rpm). The pump used in the experiment doesn't have a guide vane and directly connects with outside rim so that the rotational speed of volute pump in spiral or volute casing increase by 100 rpm from 1350 until it reaches 1750 rpm with five phases. The study results of the relationship of H-Q features, L-Q features, η-Q and dimensionless performance characteristics. (1) According to the increase of rotational speed, the head and power increase up to the square or cube of the rotational speed. At the same rotational speed, the power is increased according to the flow rate. In time of standard operation, the head has a increase characteristics in the early stage of flow rate. (2) The maximum efficiency shows 53% at 0.170.7m3/min and head 4.7m of 1450 rpm and 51% with 0.180.7m3/min and head 6.7m in the pump's highest rotational speed of 1750 rpm. (3) In the curve of performance characteristics of flow rate vs. head, the constant efficiency curve changes into oval shape without becoming the quadratic equation curve that passes through the origin coordinates according to pump's similarity law.

알코올에 의한 α-Tocopherol이 혈액성분 및 간조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,안인수 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

This study was done in order to observe the effects of ethanol and a-tocopherol on the HDL-chelesterol, r-GTP, CPK, aminotransferase(AST-ACT) and histopathologic findings. The white Sprague Dawley rat were Classified into 4 groups:0.9% NaCl ad-ministration was group A 25% ethanol administration for the each 5,10 and 15 days was ethanol group B(BI, B2 and B3), 25% ethanol administration for th each 5 and 10 days, and 50% a-tocopherol for the 2 and 7 days administration was group C(CI and C2), 50% a-tocopherol pretreated for the each 5, 10 and 16 days and 25% ethanol for the 2,7 and 10 days administration was group D(D1, D2 and D3). The following results were obtained 1. The Biochemical changes of serum HDL-cholesterol, r-GTP, CPK, GOT and GPT activities was significantly increased in ethanol treated group than group D.(D1, D2 and D3). 2. The Biochemical changes of each subgroup in ethanol treated group HDL-cholesterol was most highly increased. The group C1 and DI was near normal. 3. The change of r-GTP activity of each subgroup in ethanol treated group was highly increased than the group B1, The Cl and Dl groups was near normal. 4. The change of CPK activity of each subgroup in ethanol treated group was most highly in creased than the B3 group. the group Cl and Dl groups was near normal. 5. The change of GOT and GPT activities of each subgroups in B3 and D3 was most highly increased but the C2 and D2 was not significant. 6. The histopathological changes of ethanol treated group(B2, and B3) found the lipid droplet and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and mild ballooning degeneration. The group C3 and D3 found the mild infiltration and lipid droplet.

원심펌프 성능에 관한 실험적 연구 (II)

조만호,현동수 大田産業大學校 2001 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

This work is to investigate effect of operating characteristics of pump according to the rotational speed of pump and the change of flow rate when centrifugal pump operates with the condition that regulated flow, head, revolution number, and specific speed are respectively 0.7 ㎥/min, 8 m, 1750 rpm, 180 (m, ㎥/min, rpm). The pump used in the experiment doesn't have a guide vane and directly connects with outside rim so that the rotational speed of volute pump in spiral or volute casing increase by 100 rpm from 1450 until it reaches 1750. The results of the relationship of Q-H, Q-L, Q-η and the dimensionless performance features such as head coefficient, power coefficient and efficiency are as follows; (1) According to the increase of evolution number, the head and power increase up to the square or cube of the evolution number. At the same evolution number, the power is increased according to the flow. In time of standard operation, the head has a stable feature in the early stage of flow increase from the segment point. (2) The pump's highest efficiency shows 52% with flow rate 0.17㏄/min and head 4.7 m in time of 1450 rpm and 50% with flow 0.18㎥/min and head 6.7 m in the pump's highest rotational speed of 1750 rpm. (3) In each rotational speed, curve of efficiency, head and power is different. Meanwhile, the dimensionless performance valuables show a line irrespective of rotational speed. As flow coefficient increases, power coefficient increases and head coefficient decreases. When the flow coefficient is 0.08, it reaches the maximum efficiency 52%.

건물화재시 창문재료에 따른 내화특성 연구

허만성,장문석,조수 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

실제 건물화재에서 창문재료의 내화특성을 평가하기 위하여 건물화재실험이 수행되었다. 4m×3.8m×2.4m 방에서 PVC 창문, 알루미늄 창문, AL+Wood 창문을 각각 설치하고 화원은 소파와 매트리스를 사용하였다. 창문은 아파트 베란다에 많이 사용하는 유리두께 6 mm 사이에 공기층 12 mm인 것을 사용하였다. 건물내부와 창문 주변의 온도분포를 살펴보기 위하여 32개 지점의 온도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 건물내의 온도분포, 창틀의 변화, 유리창의 파손 정도 등을 조사하여 분석하였다. The full-scale compartment fire tests were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of fire resistance of window material under actual fire conditions. The room size used for full-scale room fire tests was 4 by 3.8 m with 2.4 m high ceiling. The windows with PVC, Aluminum and AL+Wood frame materials were established, sofa and mattress were used as fire sources. The window contained pair glasses with the air between 6 mm glasses. Temperatures at total 32 points in the room were measured to find the temperature distribution in the room fire. It is examined that thermal effects on window frame materials such as charring, distortion, melting, structural collapse, and other effects.

위장관 출혈을 일으킨 공장의 형활근종 1예

김병수,장성종,부귀범,조운택,박찬국,김만우,변주남,김정용,전호종 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1

Small bowel leiomyoma is a rare tumor which may occur wherever smooth muscle is present. The small bowel is the most common site and it makes up 20~30% of all benign small intestinal neoplasms. A spectrum of symptoms are common ranging from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, to massive intestinal bleeding. Bleeding is the most common symptom and is usually gross and recurrent. Occasionally it may be life threatening. But, the most serious problem is both the absence of specific clinical symptoms, and the difficulties shown in radiological diagnostics of the small bowel. If conventional diagnostic methods fail to reveal any positive findings for gastrointestinal bleeding, the diagnosis of intestinal leiomyoma should be suspected and an SMA angiography shoud be performed. The angiographic criteria of small bowel leiomyoma is very characteristic. We present a case of leiomyoma with considerable and prolonged gastrointestinal bleeding, which was diagnosed by angiography. A 61-year old woman was admitted with a history of melena over the last 10 days. An SMA angiography showed a hypervascular mass with a diameter of 3×3cm. A segmental resection was performed under the impression of the gastrointestinal bleeding due to leiomyoma of the small bowel. Microscopic examination of the lesion shows interlacing or whorl bundles of spindle shaped ces and no mitosis.

BPMC 및 인삼액이 흰쥐의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

安茵洙,趙萬熙,金昌世 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

To study the effects of herbicide on the biochemical components of human the rats were grouped in 4 such as A ; administered 4 ppm BPMC alone, B ; 1% ginseng extract alone, and C ; mixed BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day. And it obtained following results. 1. Addecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was GOT, GPT, ALP, total bilirubin, BUN, and uric acid. 2. No affecting a biochemical changes on the BPMC administered, it was total protein. albumin, and A/G ratio. 3. Group C, mixed administration of BPMC and 1% ginseng extract every other day, shown no significant biochemical changes. 4. Group B, administration of 1% ginseng extract alone shown as almost same as control group. From these above results it was suggested that ginseng extract was protected and controlled against abnormal biochemical changes resulting from BPMC administration.

Incisional Hernia in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients

( Ji Soo Lee ),( Kyeong Sik Kim ),( Chan Woo Cho ),( Kyo Won Lee ),( Gyu-seoung Choi ),( Jong Man Kim ),( Choon Hyuck David Kwon ),( Jae-won Joh ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Incisional hernia is one of the complication following abdominal operation. Patients undergoing liver transplantation have a high risk of developing an incisional hernia because of immunosuppression. The purpose of this study is to review incisional hernia cases after liver transplantation and to identify the risk factors for hernia formation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of the ninety-four incisional hernia patients after liver transplant recipients from January 2000 to December 2015 in single center institution. Results: 1463 underwent adult liver transplantation during the study period. 94 Incisional hernia patients were found among them. The overall incisional hernia rate was 6.4 %. Mean age was 54 years old and 76.6 % were men. No significant difference was observed for sex, diagnosis, smoking, alcohol, albumin, Child-Pugh score, MELD score, intensive care unit stay, hepatorenal syndrome, ventilator, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, diabetes, bile leakage, wound problems between patients with incisional hernia and patients without incisional hernia. The characteristics of patients with incisional hernia showed old recipient, more body weight, higher body mass index, living donor recipient compared with patients without incisional hernia. Hypertension, tuberculosis, rejection, postoperative complication event before hernia were significant risk factor (p<0.05). Conclusions: Present study identifies the risk factors for incisional hernia. Surgeons should strive to reduce the risk of incisional hernia after adult liver transplantation.

청소년 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안, 또래관계 문제와의 연관성 조사

이명수,오은영,조선미,홍만제,문재석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구는 한국 청소년들의 인터넷 사용 현황조사와 더불어 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안, 또래관계 문제등과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 수원시 소재 고등학교 학생 869명(남/여=371/498)을 대상으로 인터넷 사용과 연관된 기본 설문을 실시하였다. 인터넷 중독여부를 알아보기 위하여 Young의 인터넷 중독척도를 사용하였고 우울증상의 평가는 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)를 사용하였다. 사회적 불안 및 회피정도는 Social Avoidance and Distress Scale을, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 측정은 Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief척도를 , 또래관계의 문제는 Index of Peer Relations척도를 사용하였다. 인터넷 중독의 현황조사를 위해서 실수와 백분율, chi-square test를 실시하였고, 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안 및 또래 관계 문제의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 일원변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 총 869명의 대상자 중 남학생이 371명(43.7%)이었으며 여학생이 498(57.3%)이었고 평균연령은 16.27세(표준편차=0.82)로 남녀간에 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 2) 총 869명의 대상자중 291명(33.4%)이 인터넷 중독 가능성을 가지고 있는 것이고 나타났고 그 중 18명(2.07%)은 명백한 중독경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷중독척도 상위 30%를 중독경향군으로, 하위30%를 정상대조군으로 분류하였다. 3) 인터넷 중독척도 평균점수의 비교를 보면 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 점수가 높음을 알 수 있었고 또 남학생이 여학생보다 중독경향군에 포함되는 비율도 더 높음을 알수 있었다. 을, 정상대조군에서는 정보검색을 상대적으로 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며 게임은 두 집단간에 차이가 없었다. 5) 중독경향군에서 더 우울성향이 높고 외부의 부정적 평가에 더 예민하게 반응하고 또래관계의 문제가 많은 것으로 나타났고 사회적 상황에서의 불안정도는 집단간에 차이가 나지 않았다. 결 론 : 인터넷 중독으로 비교적 명백하게 분류된 비율은 이제까지의 다른 연구조사와 비교하여 볼 때 상대적으로 낮게 나왔으나 중독경향군까지 포함했을 겨우, 조사대상자의 약 30%에서 인터넷과 연관된 문제가 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 인터넷 과다사용으로 문제가 되는 경우에 우울이나 또래관계등의 문제가 더 심각한 것으로 판명되어 향후 인터넷 사용자체에 대한 중독치료적 접근이외에 동반 정신병리에 대한 치료적 접근이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to survey the present conditions of adolescents' Internet use and to investigate the relation of Internet addiction to depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. Method : Eight hundred and sixty-nine high-school students(male/female=371/498) were included in the study, each of whom completed a standard questionnaire related to Internet use determined. We assessed internet addiction and depressive symptoms of adolescents using Youngs Internet Addiction Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), respectively. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale were employed to measure social anxiety and avoidance. Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief Scale was for fear of negative evaluation by other people. An Index of Peer relation was devoted to problems in peer relationships. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to identify the present conditions of Internet addiction and to analyze the relations of Internet addiction with depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. Results : 1) Of these 869 subjects, 371(42.7%) were male students and 498(57.3%) were female. The mean age was 16.27 years(SD=0.82) and there was no significant difference between two sex groups. 2) Of these 869 subjects, 291(33.4%) showed addictive tendency and among them 18 subjects(2.07%) were classified into obvious addiction group. In this study, we defined upper 30% of Internet addiction scores as 'addiction group' and lower 30% as 'normal control group'. 3) Male students had significantly higher mean scores of Internet addiction scale than females and there was significantly higher rates of male students in addiction group. 4) Comparing two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the preferred types of Internet media, although addiction groups tended to use chatting and E-mail more, normal control group tended to use information search more, And there was no significant difference regarding games on the Internet. 5) There was more depressive tendency in line with more sensitive response against negative-evaluation and more problems of peer relationship in addiction group. However, there was no significant difference regarding anxiety on social situation. Conclusion : Compared to previous studies, findings from this study showed that the rates classified as the group of obvious Internet addiction were relatively lower. However, including those who had tendency of Internet addiction, about 30% of all subjects had problems related to Internet use. In addition, depression or relationship problems were triggered more severely in Internet addiction group. With these findings in mind we finally suggest that therapeutic approach to comorbid psychopathology as well as Internet addiction itself should be required.