조성에 기초한 코드 스케일의 적용과 사용법 연구 -즉흥연주에 활용할 수 있는 기초 학습법-

윤두영(Du-Young Yoon),조태선(Tae-Seon Cho) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.7

본 논문은 초. 중급 연주자들이 좀 더 쉽고 효율적으로 코드 진행에 대응해 각 코드에 최적화된 코드 스케일을 학습하고 활용할 수 있는 방법에 관한 연구이다. 초. 중급 연주자들이 즉흥연주와 이론을 배우고 익힐 때 미숙한 지식과 정리되지 않은 정보로 인해 수없이 혼란한 상황들에 부딪히게 된다. 코드 진행을ㅤ분석하고ㅤChord Scale (Available scale)을 연습하는ㅤ과정에서ㅤ스케일에 대한ㅤ개념과ㅤ적용에ㅤ많은ㅤ어려움을ㅤ갖게 된다. 이러한 이유로 좀 더 효과적으로 코드 진행에 대응해 각 코드에 최적화된 스케일을 사용할 수 있는 학습법을 제시해 줄 수 있는 연구가 필요함을 느낀다. 이 논문은 코드에 대응해 모드에 기초해 개별적으로 Available scale을 사용해 연주하는 방식이 아니라 조성에 기초해 스케일을 유출해 가는 방식들에 대해 알아본다. 우선 Chord Tone과 Tension의 결합으로 Diatonic Scale을 유출해내는 기본 개념에 대해 살펴본다. 그 후 Secondary & Non-Diatonic Dominant Chord와 2차 대리 Dominant 코드에 대응한 코드 스케일 사용방법들에 대해 알아본다. Guide Tone을 활용한 즉흥연주와 조성에 기초한 코드 스케일과의 연관성을 실용례를 통하여 증명하고 연주에 활용할 수 있는 방법들을 제시한다. This study examined how a beginning and intermediate improviser can learn and utilize the optimized chord scale for each chord by corresponding to chord progression more easily and efficiently. When inexperienced performers learn and master solos and theories, they face countless confusing situations because of inexperienced knowledge and disorganized information in practicing and using available scales. For this reason, there is a need to study a learning method that enables inexperienced improvisers to respond more effectively to chord progression and use the available scale optimized for each chord. This study examined ways to use the chord scale based on the key rather than a method of playing individually using available scales based on the modes in response to chords. First, this study examined the basic concept of finding a diatonic scale by combining the chord tone and tension. Subsequently, the study evaluated methods of using the chord scale corresponding to the secondary & non-diatonic dominant chord and the secondary dominant chord. This study proves the association between improvised performance using the guide tone and chord scale based on the tonal key through practical examples and suggests methods that can be used for performance.

경주 교동 최씨가 소장 추수기(秋收記)·수세기(收稅記) 자료의 전존 현황과 특성

최주희 ( Choi Joo Hee ) 한국고문서학회 2021 고문서연구 Vol.59 No.-

Over 330 historic materials on harvest season possessed by ‘Rich Men’ Gyeongju Choi clan in Gyeongju Gyodong are important documents that can be used to reveal Rich Men Choi’s unique landowner management cases. Among which, 274 are the data written during harvest season for the purpose of receiving rent from the land distributed sporadically in Gyeongju and northern part of Ulsan. The major characteristics identified in Rich Men Choi’s historic house are as follows. First, when estimating the whole data, it showed chronological distribution from the late 19^th century to the first half season of Japanese occupation. Second, different types of harvest materials written during the same year co-existed and a certain correlation between them is identified. Third, up to the Japanese colonial period, most paddy fields of Gyeongju Choi clan applied ‘Tajo(打租: receiving a rent with a half-dividing of the harvest)’method. Rent acquisitions identified in other regions in contemporaries were ‘Jipzo(執租: adjusting rent rates before harvesting)’ or ‘Dojo(賭租: receiving a rent with a certain amounts of harvest)’. However Rich men Choi clan shared in half of seeds and rice straws with tenant farmers. So among tenant farmers in Gyeongju, Rich men Choi’s rent acquisition method was called as ‘Dangalim(indicating 5:5 allocation).’ On the other hand, Rich men Choi wrote separate materials to menage barley-farm product and bean harvest and there were now 62 of them have been remained. Various case studies on harvest records of paddies have been published, but few rent aquisition cases from harvest of bean and barley have been identified. Rich men Choi’s average rent identified during harvest season does not show a big difference from the rent amount in other regions, although it reviewed a part of all cases. But the average rent of barley and bean collected from the tenant farmers is significantly low despite the difficulties in guessing the absolute production because they received rent in the way of Dojo. This is considered as a result of lending the rest fields except the arable lands of Rich men Choi to tenant farmers and receiving the minimum rent. Like this, Rich men Choi’s landowner management has a difference from the cases of other regions. In this paper, the focus is on analyzing the current status of the entire data and how it was written. So further studies need to complement the insufficient parts that were not resolved in this paper and reveal the specific historic points of view about Rich Men Choi’s landowner management case.

Effects of High Cholesterol Feeding on Regulation of Plasma Lipids and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Rabbits

Park, Myung-Sook,Seo, Jin-Ah,Cho, Kyung-Hyun,Bok, Song-Hae,Park, Yong-Bok The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 1997 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.2 No.2

this study was conducted to examine the atherogenic effect of high cholesterol diet (experimental diet) that influences changes of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism and arterial wall. Seven NewZealand white rabbits were fed control diet, an the other 7 rabbits 2% cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Results obtained from this study are as follows: 1) High cholesterol diet resulted in a gradual increase of plasma total cholesterol level, reaching upto 1422 mg/dl at the seventh week. 2) CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) activity was significantly higher in high cholesterol group (64.9% at the 7th week) than control group (49.3% at the 7th week) during most of the experimental period except the 6th week. 3) The cholesterol supplementation induced fatty liver and a decrease of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities (2.1 moles vs. 0.3nmoles) compared to control group. 4) Bands of apo B-100 and apo E in plasma lipoprotein were thicker in high cholesterol-fed animals tan control animals as visualized by SDS-PAGE. 5) Oxidizability of plasma lipoproteins measured in vitro was greater in high cholesterol group tan control group, but vitamin E level higher in control group. 6) he effect of cholesterol feeding for 10 weeks also led to early fatty streaks in aortic intima. High cholesterol feeding was atherogenic to rabbits, an this seems to be mediated through elevated CETP activities that regulate plasma HDL cholesterol level and decrease an efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport in lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. The enhanced oxidizability of plasma lipoproteins and lowered vitamin E level may also contribute to the formation of faaty streaks in aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits.

전세권저당권의 실행방안

추신영(Choo, Sin-Young) 한국재산법학회 2011 재산법연구 Vol.28 No.2

전세권저당권은 민사실무에 있어서 빈번하게 이용되고 있는 제도중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 전세권의 기간이 만료되었을 때, 그 전세권에 설정되어 있던 전세권저당권의 법적 지위를 밝히는 것에 주안점을 두고 있다. 일반적으로 생각할 때, 전세권저당권자는 전세금반환채권의 우선변제권에 매력을 느낀 자이고, 장래 전세기간이 만료되면 전세금으로부터 우선변제권을 확보할 것이라는 것을 신뢰한 자라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때, 판례가 “전세권의 기간만료로 전세권이 소멸하면 전세권설정등기말소 없이도 당연히 소멸하고, 그 전세권에 설정되어 있는 저당권도 소멸한다고 하는 것”에 대하여 연구자들은 의문을 품지 않을 수 없게 되었다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 몇 가지를 검토할 필요가 있다. 첫째, 전세권의 법적 성질을 밝히는 작업이다. 학설은 전세권의 법적 성질에 대하여 순수한 용익물권이라는 설과 담보물권이라는 설, 용익물권과 담보물권이 혼재되어 있다는 설의 대립이 있고, 판례는 용익물권설 또는 혼합설을 채택하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그렇지만 전세권의 연혁적 이유나 우선변제권이 인정되고 있는 점에 비추어 볼 때 담보물권의 성질을 가진다고 보아야 할 것이다. 둘째, 전세권의 존속기간이 만료되었을 경우 전세권저당권자의 법적 지위에 대하여 검토하여야 한다. 학설은 전세권의 존속기간이 만료되면 전세권저당권도 소멸한다는 소멸설, 전세권의 존속기간이 만료되더라도 전세금을 아직 돌려받지 못한 상태라면 전세권저당권은 여전히 존속한다는 존속설의 다툼이 있는데, 판례는 소멸설을 채택하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 다만 전세권저당권자는 전세권의 대체물인 전세금채권에 대하여 물상대위권을 행사하여 압류명령과 추심 및 전부명령을 통하거나, 강제집행에 배당요구하는 방식으로 채권의 만족을 얻을 수 있다고 한다. 이러한 판례의 태도는 논리상 이해가 되지 않는다. 왜냐 하면 전세권을 용익물권으로 파악하면서, 담보물권의 특성인 물상대위권을 통해 채권의 만족을 얻을 수 있다는 것이 논리상 적절하지 않기 때문이다. 셋째, 전세권저당권의 실행방안에 대하여 검토할 필요가 있다. 학설은 전세금반환채권에 대하여 압류명령과 추심 및 전부명령을 통한 집행방법에 의해 채권만족을 얻는 방법, 채권질권의 실행방법을 준용해야 한다는 입장의 대립이 있고, 판례는 전자의 입장을 채택하고 있다. 그렇지만 민사집행방법을 통한 방법상의 한계나 채권질권과 전세권저당권의 공통된 성질에 비추어 볼 때, 채권질권의 실행방법을 준용하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각한다. Chonsekwon Mortgaged was frequently used in a civil case practical affairs. A point at issue of main research is the continued existence of Chonsekwon Mortgaged, when the expiration of a term of Chonsekwon. Generally speaking, The object of Chonsekwon Mortgaged is entitled to obtain satisfaction of his claim in preference to other creditor. What’s more, creditor of Chonsekwon Mortgaged confide to obtain satisfaction of preference. So then, Many of scholars should be asking the judical precedent that is the extinguishment of mortgage after the expiration of the period of Chonsekwon. To resolve these issues, we must be study the some thema. Firstly, we need to study the legal nature of Chonsekwon. Scholars are insists on the some theory which are theory of usufructuary right and theory of security right and theory of mixed right. I maintains that theory of security right, because creditor of Chonsekwon may sell the thing by official auction to obtain satisfaction of his claim and reasons for the origin and development of Chonsekwon and demand of Chonsekwon money, etc. Secondly, we need to study the continued existence of Chonsekwon Mortgaged, when the expiration of a term of Chonsekwon. Scholars are insists on the some theory which are theory of extinguishment of Chonsekwon Mortgaged and theory of continued existence of Chonsekwon Mortgaged. Judical Precedent adopted the theory of extinguishment in the the continued existence of Chonsekwon Mortgaged, when the expiration of a term of Chonsekwon, only creditors of Chonsekwon Mortgaged are able to surrogation right by attachment and collection order or conversion order. It is method of civil execution proceedings for the allotment. I could not comprehend judical precedent surrogation right to recognize. Because surrogation rights was recognized by the real rights granted by way of security. Thirdly, we need to study execution method of Chonsekwon Mortgaged. Scholars are insists on two theory which execution method through surrogation right by attachment and collection order or conversion order and execution method through Pledge of Right. I could not comprehend judical precedent the former theory to adopted. I allow that execution method through Pledge of Right. The reasons are that limit of civil execution proceedings for the allotment and the same quality nature of Pledge of Right and Chonsekwon Mortgaged.

대두, 청국장 및 된장이 고지방-고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 콜레스테롤 함량 및 체중감소에 미치는 영향

이재준 ( Jae Joon Lee ),김아라 ( Ah Ra Kim ),이환 ( Hwan Lee ),김철호 ( Cheol Ho Kim ),장해춘 ( Hae Choon Chang ),이명렬 ( Myung Yul Lee ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2011 Food Science and Preservation Vol.18 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the cholesterol lowering effect and weight reduction of autoclaved soy flour, cheonggukjang and doenjang, which are fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI, in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g, were divided into five groups; a normal diet group (N), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% autoclaved soy flour group (HFC-S), a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% cheonggukjang group (HFC-CJ), and a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet with 5% deonjang group (HFC-DJ). The body weight gain and adipose tissues weights increased in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but decreased significantly in rats fed autoclaved soy flour, cheonggukjang and doenjang, compared with the HFC group. Food intake was lower in the all HFC groups (HFC, HFC-S, HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ) than that of the N group, However, there was no differences in the food intake between HFC diet groups. Serum triglyceride level increased with a high-fat/high-cholesterol dietgroup whereas HFC-CJ and HFC-DJ groups were markedly decreased serum triglyceride levels compared with N group. Levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and level of total cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than that of the HFC group, but exerted no significant change between the HFC groups on levels of total lipid and triglyceride in the liver. Fecal total lipid content increased in the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group than those of the HFC group and HFC-S group. The activities of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and total-extractable LPL in adipose tissues decreased in the HFC-S group, the HFC-CJ group and the HFC-DJ group compared with the HFC group. These results suggest that dietary cheonggukjang and doenjang may exert cholesterol-lowering effect and prevent obesity.

중년여성의 에어로빅 운동이 콜레스테롤 조성에 미치는 효과

남태호,조원민,김귀원 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1994 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

It is well-known that Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is related with prevention of cardiovascular disease. Consistent aerobic exercise effects on this cholesterol composition, thus this study was designed to investigate on the effect of middle aged women's aerobic exercise on cholesterol composition. Methods : The subjects of this study are middle aged women the average age of them is 41.69 in H Aerobic center, pusan. And it was investigated on Body Mass Index, %Fat, Blood pressure, Rest Heart Rate and Serum Cholesterol Composition (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C). Results : Body Mass Index, 23.26㎏/㎡ is normal, and it has significant correlation with %FAT(P<.01), and it has significant negative correlation with Low Density Lipoproten Cholesterol and Heart Rate(P<.05), and it has significant correlatron with exercise term(P<.05) %FAT is 22.89, and whole Cholesterol is 170.88㎎/㎗ and is quite significantly reated with Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. (P<.01) Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol has quite significant correlation with comparison of whole Cholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. T(P<.01) The comparison of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol has significant negative correlation with Rest Heart Rate(P<.05) Rest Heart Rate has significant negative correlation with exercise term (P<.05). Conclusion : Middle aged women's consistent aerobic exercise gives decline of Blood Cholesterol, decrease of %Fat and dissolution of obesity, and gives significant change in Cholesterol composition. It makes not only reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, but heighten Aerobic Fitness ability, consequently it helps us to have a sound life.

고혈압과 뇌졸중의 예방에 있어서의 High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol의 역할

김진우,김영설,최영길 최신의학사 1984 最新醫學 Vol.27 No.1

대원군집정기(大院君執政期) 조선사회(朝鮮社會)의 변화(變化)와 발전(發展) : James B. Palais의 “Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea”에 대한 서평 논문

최선혜 ( Choi Seon-hye ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2011 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.24

The purpose of this writing is to understand the social changes and developments in the Daewongun period through a book review of the James B. Palais’s “Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea”(Cambridge: East Asian Research Center, Harvard University, 1975). Palais’s viewpoint centers around equilibrium and marginal adjustment as a means to analyze Daewongun’s reforms. He argues that the King and Yangban of the Chosŏn Dynasty were in confrontation with each other while simultaneously maintaining the equilibrium with kind of a mutual interdependence. However, if the problem occurs in between them, according to Palais they apparently attempted to restore said equilibrium by taking minimal action with marginal adjustment. From this perspective, I will mention a few things about his analysis of Daewongun’s reforms. First, the viewpoint of analysis on reform: Palais’s argument is based upon a premise that Daewongun’s reforms was a ‘failure’ and he thus attempts to analyze said failure. Nevertheless, it seems likely that if we try to explain history with such an unwarranted focus on equilibrium, it may be difficult to account for successive change accumulated from the beginning. It is possible to say that the King or officials are in an equilibrium unless they do not leave their inherent position within the holistic place of things. However, the particular conditions or criteria in which the King and other officials are able to coexist to each other may be altered to remain in this equilibrium. Hence, it would be more important to find out the difference and to reveal the meaning of such contents. In the point of marginal adjustment, it is difficult to say that Daewongun’s reforms failed because his reform did not bring ‘sweeping changes’ in the Chosŏn society. If there is something to be changed by Daewongun’s reforms, it, of course, should be evaluated with certain ‘reformative characters.’ To be more specific, a supposedly legitimate account of reforms should encompass even the smallest of changes. Second, the subject who promote reform: Palais says that powerful authority is an absolute requirement to promote reform. He further says that the social structure of Chosŏn could not create a powerful and authoritative central government because of its habitual need to implement marginal adjustments for the sake of equilibrium. However, it is not sufficiently argued for that a modern society must conditionally have a powerful Royal authority and a central government. Even if it were so, evidence suggests that the royal authority of Chosŏn and the central government was strong enough at that time. Thus, it seems Palais’ conditional linking between a modern society and central authority is faulty in some noticeable aspects. Furthermore, reforms may indeed be lead firsthand by the King or ruling class but many people who truly desire progress can actualize it with their respective commitment and participation. Korean society was advancing toward that direction. Third, character of reformative politics: Palais said that reformative politics of Daewongun was ‘conservative’ because he did not intend to reform the system of the Choson dynasty and characterized his way as ‘practical’ because his methodology was focused on immediate fruition of aforementioned reforms. Whether in the East or the West, accomplished reform within traditional societies almost always were in a direction of maintaining the Royal regime. Daewongun was a person who promoted drastic institutional reform in various fields. In this regard, Daewongun deserves to be called a reformist. In addition, all reforms are bound to have some practical nature with the purpose of actual use. Forth, The cause of the reform break down: Palais indicated that 19th-century Chosŏn Dynasty was a typical case reflecting the contemporary trend of the downfall of traditional nation-states. He further posited corruption and weakness as contributing causes, of no less in magnitude compared to the Japanese invasion, that triggered the downfall of the Chosŏn dynasty. Yet even though the political circumstances of Chosŏn was by no means sound, it is quite a bold claim to suggest that Chosŏn was in fact forced into collapse for such reasons. Palais also indicated that King(Emperor) Kojong’s administrative inability was a noticeable cause leading to the fall of the Chosŏn Dynasty. However, external factors such as invasion and imperialism appear to have more decisive and observable consequences that ultimately lead to the fall of the Chosŏn dynasty. So such internal factors as the presence or absence of a powerful central authority, while not entirely negligible, cannot be pointed as direct triggers or causes to the fall of the Chosŏn Dynasty. Moreover, it is difficult to argue that Daewongun’s policy of seclusion led to the downfall of Chosŏn. When foreign pressure intensifies, the natural response of traditional societies is to equally strengthen and revise their corresponding modes of social and political organization. Before advancing to the next step, Korea has been invaded by foreign powers and its fate had been changed. After the 19th century, Chosŏn Dynasty went through a period of unprecedented change in Korean history. If the pre-existing change in the Chosŏn society is not at all a prerequisite for the newer changes, one can not properly explain these change in any other way. The period of Daewongun’s reform at a crossroad of changes should be understand again with a big change going on in Korean society.

고혈압과 뇌졸중의 예방에 있어서 High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol의 역할

김진우,김영설,최영길 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1983 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

Hypercholesterolemia is well known as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascuar diseases. Recently the high density lipoprotein(HDL) was found to have antiathrogenic component but it is still on controvertial. The HDL₂-cholesterol, one of the major subfracttion of HDL was proposed as the antiathrogenic component which directly inhibit the binding of low density lipoprotein to the target cell at receptor level. To assess the possible preventive role of HDL and HDL₂subfraction in patients with hypertension and cerebral strokes, we studied with 76 patients with hypertension, 62 patients with cerebral infarction and 64 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Following results were obtained. 1. In both group of hypertension and cerebral infarction, the HDL-cholesterol was not changed but the total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was significantly higher than control group. 2.In patients with cerebral hemorrhage, the HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher than control group and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was also higher than control group. 3. The level of HDL₂-cholesterol in patients with cerebral stockes was significantly lower than control group but no significant difference was found in hypertensive patients. Above results suggest that the pathogenesis of hypertension, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage can not be understand with common abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism and more additional factors must be involved. The preventive role of HDL-cholesterol was only accepted in cerebral infarction and the suggested antiatherogenic component was HDL₂-cholesterol.

食餌性 織維素가 콜레스테롤 食餌 흰쥐의 血淸 및 肝臟脂質에 미치는 影響

박미리(Mi-Lee Park),조수열(Soo-Yeul Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.3

最近 食餌性 織維素가 人間의 疾病發生에 豫防效果가 있음이 밝혀진 바, 특히 動脈硬化症에 關聯한 cholesterol 低下效果를 調査하기 위하여 本 實驗에서는 pectin, agar, pectin+tannic acid, tannic acid 各 5% 를 0.5% cholesterol 食餌에 添加하여 Sprague-Dawley系 흰쥐(♂)에게 6 週間 給與하였다. 이에 흰쥐의 體重增加量, 消化吸收率, 各種 臟器 重量, 血漬과 肝臟 및 糞便중의 脂質ㆍcholesterol含量을 測定한 結果는 다음과 같다.<br/> 1. 體重增加量과 消化吸收率은 5% tannic acid 添加群만이 有意하게 낮았다.<br/> 2. 各種 臟器의 重量에서 肝臟ㆍ脾臟은 有意性이 없었으며 腎臟은 PEC, AA群에서 減少하였고, 心臟은 basal群, 肺臟은 basal+chol 群에서 有意하게 增加 하였다.<br/> 3. 血淸중 GOT, GPT는 0.5% cholesterol 添加群 (basal+chol.)만이 현저하게 높았으며 PEC 群에서 有意하게 減少하였다. Total protein은 basal+chol. 만이 有意하게 높았으나 albumin, A/G ratio는 有意性이 없었다.<br/> 4. 血淸중 tolal lipid와 cholesterol 含量에는 有意性이 나타나지 않은 반면, 肝臟중 粗脂質 및 sterol 含量은 PEC 群만이 有意하게 增加하였다. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on serum and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats. Forty-two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighed 145±10 g were divided into 6 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks, i. e., basal diet, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol without fiber, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% pectin, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% agar, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% pectin plus tannic acid mixture and basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% tannic acid. The lowest net weight gain and digestibility were found in 5% tannic acid-containing group. The weight of kidney, heart and lung was significant by different, however, those of liver and spleen was not significantly different among the groups tested. GOT and GPT of serum were significantly higher in 0.5% cholesterol-containing group without fiber, whereas those of 5% pectin-containing group were significantly lower. Highest total serum protein content was found in 0.5% cholesterol-containing group without fiber. However, albumin and A/G ratio were not significant. The content of total lipid and cholesterol in serum were not significant by different among the groups studied, whereas crude lipid contents of liver in 5% tannic acid and pectin plus tannic acidcontaining groups were significantly lower. Cholesterol content in the liver was significantly lower in 5% tannic acid-containing group. Crude lipid and sterol content of feces were significantly higher in 5% pectin-containing group.