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Consideration of the benefits of using a high current accelerator in BNCT
조일성,민선홍,박차원,김민호,이교철,이용진,홍봉환,임상무 대한방사성의약품학회 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.1
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) has the advantage of selectively removing cancer cells ingesting boron compounds. In this study, the benefits for treatment time and boron compound injection dose were compared between current neutron sources and a high current neutron sources to be developed in near future. The time-activity curve (TAC) of GBM (Glioblastoma) for one bolus injection was obtained by applying modified 3 compartment model. The treatment time was determined for an accelerator-based neutron sources at the present time and a high current accelerator based neutron source to be developed in the near future. In the case of the double amount of IAEA-recommended neutron flux, the treatment time was shortened to 15 minutes. In the case of high current accelerators, which are five times the amount of IAEA-recommended neutron flux, the irradiation time is within 5 minutes. The use of a high current accelerator based neutron source in BNCT is advantageous in terms of treatment time. In addition, it can increase the efficiency of use of neutrons and reduce the boron compound injection dose to patients, thus reducing pharmacological toxicity.
20세기 재분석 자료(20CR)를 이용한 남극대륙의 기온 변화
조일성,지준범,이규태,채남이,윤영준 한국해양과학기술원 2012 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.34 No.1
Antarctica is very sensitive to climate change but the number of stations is not sufficient to accurately analyze climate change in this regoin. Model reanalysis data supplements the lack of observation and can be used as long term data to verify climate change. In this study, the 20CR (Twentieth Century Reanalysis) Project data from NCEP/NCAR and monthly mean data (temperature, solar radiation and longwave radiation) from 1871 to 2008, was used to analyze the temperature trend and change in radiation. The 20CR data was used to validate the observation data from Antarctica since 1950 and the correlation coefficients between these data were determined to be over 0.95 at all stations. The temperature increased by approximately 0.23oC/decade during the study period and over 0.20oC/decade over all of the months. This increasing trend was observed throughout the Antarctica and a slight increase was observed in the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, solar radiation (surface) and longwave radiation (surface and top of atmosphere) trends correlated with the increase in temperature. As a result, outgoing longwave radiation at the surface is attenuated by atmospheric water vapor or clouds and radiation at the top of the atmosphere was reduced. In addition, the absorbed energy in the atmosphere increases the temperature of the atmosphere and surface, and then the heated surface emits more longwave radiation. Eventually these processes are repeated in a positive feedback loop, which results in a continuous rise in temperature.
EPID를 사용한 세기조절방사선치료의 정도관리에 있어 축이탈 보정(Off-axis Correction)의 적용
조일성,곽정원,박성호,안승도,정동혁,조병철,Cho, Ilsung,Kwark, Jungwon,Park, Sung Ho,Ahn, Seung Do,Jeong, Dong Hyeok,Cho, Byungchul 한국의학물리학회 2012 의학물리 Vol.23 No.4
Varian의 전자표탈영상장치(EPID, electronic portal imaging device) 검출기로 측정된 선량값은 PDIP알고리즘으로 예측된 선량 값과 비교하여 빔 중심으로부터 EPID 검출기 모서리로 갈수록 측정된 선량 값이 커지는 경향을 가지고 있다. 이를 손쉽게 임상에서 보정할 수 있는 축이탈보정(off-axis correction)알고리즘이 제안되어 본원에 설치된 Varian 선형가속기를 대상으로 적용하였다. $38{\times}28cm$의 조샤야를 열고 SSD 100 cm에서 6 MV, 15 MV 광자빔을 100 MU 조사하여 선량을 측정하고 이를 PDIP 알고리즘을 적용한 예측 선량과 비교하였다. 측정된 선량과 예측된 선량값의 비율을 축이탈거리의 4차 다항함수로 근사하여 가로선량분포 보정에 사용되는 $40{\times}40cm$ 주대각 빔 측정 데이터에 가중치로 두어 축이탈 보정을 실시했다. 보정전 $38{\times}28cm$ 조사면에서 계산된 선량값과 측정된 선량사이에는 6 MV 빔의 경우 $4.17{\pm}2.76$ CU, 15 MV 빔은 $3.23{\pm}2.59$ CU의 차이가 있었으나 보정 후 두 선량값의 차이는 각각 $0.18{\pm}0.8$ CU, $04{\pm}0.85$ CU로 1% 이내로 줄였다. PDIP 알고리즘 사용준비에 사용되는 피라미드 형태 유동량(fluence)의 감마 성공률(gamma pass rate)은 절대 선량 측정값을 기준으로 허용기준 4%, 4 mm에서 6 MV는 98.7%, 15 MV는 99.1%로 나타났으며 보정 후 각각 99.8%와 99.9%로 향상되었다. 축이탈 보정을 실시하고 임의로 두경부암과 전립선암의 세기조절방사선치료계획을 선정하여 세기조절방사선 치료의 정도관리를 진행했으며 보정 전과 비교하여 허용기준 3%, 3 mm에서 감마 성공률이 보정 전, 후 각각 두경부암: $94.7{\pm}3.2%$, $98.2{\pm}1.4%$ 및 전립선암: $95.5{\pm}2.6%$, $98.4{\pm}1.8%$로 평균적으로 3% 향상되었다. 축이탈보정은 EPID를 사용하는 세기조절 방사선치료의 정도관리에 있어 축이탈거리에 따른 계산된 선량값과 측정된 선량값의 차이를 효과적 보정하는 방법으로 임상에서 쉽게 적용하여 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The Varian PORTALVISION (Varian Medical Systems, US) shows significant overresponses as the off-center distance increases compared to the predicted dose. In order to correct the dose discrepancy, the off-axis correction is applied to VARIAN iX linear accelerators. The portal dose for $38{\times}28cm^2$ open field is acquired for 6 MV, 15 MV photon beams and also are predicted by PDIP algorithm under the same condition of the portal dose acquisition. The off-axis correction is applied by modifying the $40{\times}40cm^2$ diagonal beam profile data which is used for the beam profile calibration. The ratios between predicted dose and measured dose is modeled as a function of off-axis distance with the $4^{th}$ polynomial and is applied to the $40{\times}40cm^2$ diagonal beam profile data as the weight to correct measured dose by EPID detector. The discrepancy between measured dose and predicted dose is reduced from $4.17{\pm}2.76$ CU to $0.18{\pm}0.8$ CU for 6 MV photon beam and from $3.23{\pm}2.59$ CU to $0.04{\pm}0.85$ CU for 15 MV photon beam. The passing rate of gamma analysis for the pyramid fluence patten with the 4%, 4 mm criteria is improved from 98.7% to 99.1% for 6 MV photon beam, from 99.8% to 99.9% for 15 MV photon beam. IMRT QA is also performed for randomly selected Head and Neck and Prostate IMRT plans after applying the off-axis correction. The gamma passing rare is improved by 3% on average, for Head and Neck cases: $94.7{\pm}3.2%$ to $98.2{\pm}1.4%$, for Prostate cases: $95.5{\pm}2.6%$, $98.4{\pm}1.8%$. The gamma analysis criteria is 3%, 3 mm with 10% threshold. It is considered that the off-axis correction might be an effective and easily adaptable means for correcting the discrepancy between measured dose and predicted dose for IMRT QA using EPID in clinic.