http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
패킷 교환망에서 가우스 분포 트래픽을 서비스하는 선형 시스템 접근법
정송,신민수,정현희 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.30 No.5
이 논문에서는 자원을 공유하는 여러 개의 QoS(Quality of Service) 큐(queue)를 서비스하기 위한 새로운 서비스 규칙 - 선형 서비스 규칙을 제안하고, 그 특징을 분석하였다. 제안하는 선형 서버는 각각의 큐에 대한 출력 트래픽(traffic) 및 고객 수 과정을 입력 트래픽의 선형 함수로 만든다. 특히 입력 트래픽이 가우스 분포를 갖는 경우에는 큐 길이의 분포와 출력 트래픽 분포가 모두 가우스 분포를 갖게 하며, 그 분포의 평균과 분산이 입력 트래픽의 평균과 전력 스펙트럼(power spectrum)의 함수로 나타나게 한다. 중요한 QoS 척도인 버퍼 넘침 확률 및 지연 분포 역시 입력 트래픽의 평균과 전력 스펙트럼의 함수로 나타나게 된다. 이 연구는 네트워크의 각 노드를 하나의 선형 필터로 볼 수 있게 하므로, 선형 시스템 이론에 기초한 네트워크 전반에 걸친 트래픽 관리 기술의 새로운 방향을 제시하였다. We present a novel service discipline, called linear service discipline, to serve multiple QoS queues sharing a resource and analyze its properties. The linear server makes the output traffic and the queueing dynamics of individual queues as a linear function of its input traffic. In particular, if input traffic is Gaussian, the distributions of queue length and output traffic are also Gaussian with their mean and variance being a function of input mean and input power spectrum (equivalently, autocorrelation function of input). Important QoS measures including buffer overflow probability and queueing delay distribution are also expressed as a function of input mean and input power spectrum. This study explores a new direction for network-wide traffic management based on linear system theories by letting us view the queueing process at each node as a linear filter.
정송,이청아,장유나,노언경 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2024 교원교육 Vol.40 No.3
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate generational differences of teachers' perceptions on career prospects including promotion, turnover intention, and retirement age. Understanding these differences is essential for adapting educational practices to the evolving needs of the teaching society. Methods: A survey was conducted with 2,064 elementary, middle, and high school teachers affiliated with the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. The responses regarding promotion, turnover intention, and retirement age were analyzed across generations X, M, and Z using frequency analysis and chi-square tests. Interviews on career prospects were also performed with thirteen teachers to gain in-depth insights into the generational differences and policy improvement. Results: Findings revealed that while all generations found promotion unattractive, they shared different perspectives regarding the reasons. The younger generation showed a higher inclination towards turnover intention and a lower commitment to remaining in the profession until retirement age. The most common motivations for turnover intention were low wages and increased violations with respect to the rights of educational activities across generations. Generation X teachers expressed discomfort with the promotion system through the interviews while Generation M and Z teachers considered the cost-effectiveness aspect of promotion. Conclusion: Generational disparities in teachers' perceptions of career prospects call for considerations in teacher policies. Subdividing promotion positions and expanding career paths will guarantee continued exercise of teachers’ expertise in the era of change.