Bribing Donors with International Human Rights Standing: Chinese Foreign Aid and Recommendations at the Universal Periodic Review

장하은,유성훈 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2024 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.31 No.1

How does China use its foreign aid to influence the international human rights regime? China has recently been increasing its presence in areas of foreign aid and international human rights with an ambition to replace the Western liberal order. However, we lack knowledge about the relationship between Chinese foreign aid and its effects on the international human rights regime. Using the UPR-Info dataset, we systematically analyze all Universal Periodic Review (UPR) recommendations issued against China from 2008 to 2023. We demonstrate that countries that receive more aid from China are more likely to pat the back of China by issuing positive recommendations about China’s human rights practices. However, it is not significantly relative to a decrease in human rights shaming against China. Our findings suggest that China uses its aid for vote-buying in the international human rights realm, particularly by encouraging recipients to issue more positive comments on China’s human rights practices.

성별 및 거주지에 따른 노인의 사회적 지지와 우울의 관계

장하은,김영진,허민희,정성원,노진원 보건의료산업학회 2022 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between social support and depression in order adults according to gender and residence. Methods: A total of 6,350 surveys were conducted using 2018 KLoSA data from the Korea Employment Information Service. The relationship between social support and depression according to gender and residence was analyzed in persons aged 55 or older. Results: All participants, except males living in rural areas, suffered from depression because they interacted less with their adult children. The frequency of contact with their children did not significantly affect depression in older adults. All participants were more likely to experience depression as the regularity of interacting with close friends was lower. Older adult women those who are unemployed are more likely to suffer from depression. Conclusions: The predictive factors of depression in older adults differed according to sex and residence. Therefore, social support should be customized for each individual on a case-by-case basis.

초등 미술교육에서 백워드 설계를 기반으로 한 환경윤리 수업 방안 연구

장하은,박소영 한국초등미술교육학회 2019 미술교육연구논총 Vol.58 No.-

The environmental problems that we are facing is recognized to be an important issue that has worsened under existing circumstances and even threatened our lives. For the future generations, we must take a step forward to recognize and solve the ongoing environmental problems. To this end, continuous and systematic environmental ethics education is to be linked to art education for the purpose of developing learners' environmental literacy. This study purpose of cultivating the values and ability to cope with environmental problems by recognizing the need for environmental ethics education in art education, and the study designed an art education based on backward design model. The results of the class conducted in the third and fourth grades of elementary school students were analyzed through four types of evaluation criteria, and the results of the study were derived from a post-questionnaires using an environmental literacy instrument. First, the course using the backward design in elementary school art class enabled active participation from the perspective of motivating students and evaluating them as performed tasks. Students who have explored environmental problems themselves and acquired knowledge have widened their ability to practice in everyday life and understanding of learning content. Second, environmental ethics classes in art classes have been effective in cultivating the environmental literacy of the participating students. After analyzing the post-survey results, the most of the students in the class had a practical attitude along with a detailed knowledge of environmental issues. 현재 우리가 직면한 환경문제는 기존 상황에서 더 악화하여 우리의 생명을 위협하는 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 미래 세대를 위해서라도 우리는 현재 진행되고 있는 환경문제를 인식하고 해결하기 위해 한 걸음 다가가야 한다. 이를 위해 학습자의 환경소양 함양을 위한 지속적이고 체계적인 환경윤리교육을 미술 교과에서도 다루어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 미술교육에서 환경윤리교육의 필요성을 인지하여 환경문제에 대처할 수 있는 능력과 가치관을 함양하는 것을 목표로, 백워드 설계 모형을 기반으로 한 미술수업지도 방안을 고안하였다. 초등학생 3, 4학년을 대상으로 총 8차시 수업으로 진행된 수업 결과물을 평가 준거 네 가지 유형을 통해 분석하고 환경소양 측정 도구를 이용한 사후 설문지를 통해 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 초등학교 미술수업에서 백워드 설계를 활용한 수업 과정은 학생들에게 동기부여가 되고 수행한 과제로 평가한다는 관점에서 능동적인 참여를 가능하게 했다. 스스로 환경문제를 탐구하고 지식을 습득한 학생은 실생활에서 실천할 수 있는 능력과 학습 내용에 대한 이해의 폭이 넓어지게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 미술수업에서 환경윤리 수업은 참여 학생들의 환경소양을 기르는 데 효과가 있었다. 사후 설문 내용을 분석한 결과, 수업에 참여한 학생들 대부분이 환경문제에 대한 구체적인 지식과 더불어 실천적인 태도가 형성된 것으로 나타났다.

북한의 인권 권고 수용 결정요인 분석: UN 보편적 정례인권검토 1-3주기를 중심으로

장하은,유성훈 세종연구소 2024 국가전략 Vol.30 No.2

북한은 유엔인권이사회의 보편적 정례인권검토(UPR: Universal Periodic Review) 에 비교적 적극적으로 참여하고 있다. 북한은세 차례에 걸친 UPR에서 받은 702개의 권고중 대략 50%에 해당하는 367개의 권고를 수용하였다. 이는 기존 국제인권레짐에 미온적이던 북한의 태도와 대조적이다. 본 연구는 북한의 UPR 권고 수용 양상이 권고하는 국가의 특성에 따라 달라질 것이라고 주장한다. 구체적으로, 북한은 자신과 유사한 체제의 국가나 정치적으로 협력 관계에 있는 국가가 제기한 권고를 더 적극적으로 수용할 것이라고 주장한다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 본 연구는 각 권고 별 수용 여부와 특정 국가로부터 제기된 권고의 수용률을 종속변수로, 그리고 권고하는 국가의 민주주의 수준과 UN 총회에서의 투표 유사성을 독립변수로 하여 양적 분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 북한은 권위주의국가나 UN 총회에서 유사한 방향으로 투표하는 국가가 제기한 권고일수록 더 많이 수용하고 있다는 점을 발견하였다. 이는 북한이 UPR에서 인권 문제를 적극적으로 수용하고있는 모습이 실제로 북한의 인권 개선과 무관할 수 있으며 이에 따라 제도적 개선이 필요하다는 점을 시사한다. How does North Korea engage with the international human rights community? To one’s surprise, North Korea actively engages with the international human rights community, notably participating in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Across the multiple UPR cycles, including the latest in 2021, North Korea accepted around 337, or, around 50% of recommendations issued by other states. This contrasts with its long-standing adversarial attitude towards international human rights norms. This study focuses on the UPR's peer-review mechanism, contending that North Korea's acceptance of recommendations depends on the characteristics of countries raising human rights concerns. The argument suggests a higher likelihood of acceptance when recommendations come from politically similar nations in terms of regime type, or those with established political cooperation ties. Using data from the UPR-Info database, the study empirically tests this hypothesis by examining whether the reviewing state's democracy level and voting affinity in the UN General Assembly influence North Korea's acceptance of human rights recommendations. Our findings support the claim that North Korea is more likely to accept recommendations from authoritarian and politically proximate states, aligning with their voting patterns in the UN General Assembly. This implies that North Korea's active participation in the UPR may not necessarily translate into tangible improvements in its human rights practices.

여자 청소년 및 젊은 여성의 비타민 D 결핍과 빈혈과의 연관성 분석

장하은,박성희,박경 한국영양학회 2019 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.52 No.6

Purpose: Although vitamin D deficiency is common among Korean adolescent girls and young women, few studies have explored the potential health effects of vitamin D deficiency in this vulnerable population. This study examined the association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in Korean adolescent girls and young women. Methods: The data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 ~ 2014 were used. A total of 3,643 girls and adult women aged 12 to 29 who provided all the information (including serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hemoglobin, and/or serum ferritin) needed for the analysis were included in the analysis. Demographic, lifestyle, and health data were obtained through survey questionnaires. Anemia and iron deficiency anemia were defined according to the World Health Organization cut-offs. Multivariable logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline regression were used in the analysis. Results: In fully adjusted logistic regression models, the vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with higher prevalences of anemia (odds ratio (OR): 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 ~ 2.49) and iron deficiency anemia (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 2.03). In a cubic spline regression model, we observed a dose-response relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and anemia, and this linear relationship was also clearly observed between serum 25(OH)D concentration and iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and anemia in adolescent girls and young women. Alternatively, vitamin D deficiency may be a concurrent event for patients with anemia, which we cannot distinguish in this cross-sectional study. Further studies are needed to verify the causality in this population of low vitamin D levels.

FSSC모델을 근거로 관리회계 정보화에 관한 연구:중국 ZTE그룹의 사례

장하은,김요환,박준령 한국세무회계학회 2022 세무회계연구 Vol.- No.71

[Puepose] The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the FSSC in the establishment of an accounting system of Chinese companies. [Methodology] ZTE Group’s Financial Shared Service Center(FSSC) has been used by many companies in recent years as a kind of financial management method that has attracted attention in corporate management and has case-analysis. [Findings] ZTE Group took the lead in establishing the FSSC in China and gained a lot of successful experience in the process. Through this study, it was found that the model that combines FSSC and management accounting in the accounting information process is more advantageous for corporate development. [Implications] The ZTE group’s case was combined with management accounting to examine the development path of the company’s FSSC model construction from theory to practice. Through analysis of related literature and theoretical basis, the process of realizing management accounting informatization under the FSSC system was examined. In addition, it can be seen that the impact and effect of accounting information on the quality of accounting information under the model were analyzed and significant implications for existing problems and future prospects were provided when the company used the FSSC. [연구목적]본 연구는 중국 기업의 회계 시스템 구축이 고도화된 재무 공유 서비스의 도입이 미치는 효과에 대해 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. [연구방법]ZTE그룹의 재무 공유 서비스 센터(Financial Shared Service Center, 이하 FSSC 라고 칭함)는 최근 몇 년간 기업 관리에서 주목 받고 있는 일종의 재무 관리 방식으로 다수의 기업에서 활용되고 있으며 회계 정보화가 기업에서 순조롭게 실시될 수 있도록 데이터 지원을 제공한 결과 기업에 미치는 영향에 대해 사례분석 하였다. [연구결과]ZTE그룹은 중국에서 FSSC를 설립하는 데 앞장섰고 그 과정에서 많은 성공 경험을 쌓았다. 본 연구를 통해 회계 정보화 과정에서 FSSC와 관리 회계를 결합한 모델이 기업 발전에 더 유리한 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점]ZTE 그룹의 사례를 관리회계와 접목해 이론부터 실천까지 해당 회사 FSSC 모델 구축의 발전 경로를 살펴보았다. 관련 문헌과 이론적 기반에 대한 분석을 통해 FSSC 시스템 하에서의 관리회계 정보화 실현 과정에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 해당 모델 하에서 회계 정보의 품질에 미치는 영향과 효과에 대해 분석하고 해당 기업이 FSSC 활용 시 현존하는 문제 및 미래 전망에 대한 유의미한 시사점을 제공하였다고 볼 수 있다.

대학가 주변 원룸형 다가구주택의 실내외소음 환경 분석

장하은,이정훈 한국건축친환경설비학회 2024 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.6

This study investigates residential satisfaction with the noise environment in One-room type multi-family housing around Chungnam National University and measures indoor and outdoor noise levels in 10 households at different times of the day. A significant number of residents negatively evaluated the noise environment, with discomfort particularly stemming from noise intrusion from outside. The average indoor noise level was found to be 34.4 dB(A), with a standard deviation of 1.86, while the average outdoor noise level was 56.0 dB(A), with a standard deviation of 5.12. While outdoor noise levels were similar across houses, indoor noise levels varied depending on the house. When applying domestic and international standards to the measurement results, the majority of the houses exceeded the noise regulations for both day and night. This highlights the poor noise environment in studio-type multi-family housing near university areas and suggests the need for improving regulatory standards and introducing more detailed criteria.

노인의 거주지와 성별에 따른 사회적 지지와 우울증의 연관성

장하은,김영진,허민희,노진원 한국자료분석학회 2021 한국자료분석학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2021 No.1

CSR과 기업 기술혁신 시너지가 재무성과에 미치는 영향 : 중국 상장기업을 중심으로

장하은(ZHANG CHANG) 한국국제회계학회 2024 국제회계연구 Vol.- No.114

[연구목적] 시장 경쟁이 치열해지면서 기업의 사회적 책임(Corporate Social Responsibility, 이하 ‘CSR’)이 기업 경쟁의 핵심 요소 중 하나로 떠올랐다. 기업의 발전은 경제적 책임에만 초점을 맞추는 데 그치지 않고 기업의 기술혁신과 기업의 사회적 책임을 결합하여 기업·국가·사회 등 다른 많은 이해관계자와의 지속 가능하고 조화로운 발전을 실현해야 한다.<BR/>[연구방법] 본 연구는 CSR에 초점을 맞추고 기업의 기술혁신에 중점을 두며, 이 두 요소의 조정하에 재무성과와의 연관성을 고찰한다. 본 논문은 2015년부터 2020년까지 중국 A주 상장사1,814개사를 연구 표본으로 선정하고 Stata16 소프트웨어를 사용하여 회귀 분석을 수행하였다.<BR/>[연구결과] 기업의 사회적 책임은 기업의 재무성과를 향상시키고 기업의 기술 혁신에 대한 투자 증가는 기업의 핵심 경쟁력을 강화한다. 이에 따라 회사의 가치가 향상되고 최종 재무성과도 향상되며 기업의 사회적 책임과 기업의 기술 혁신의 시너지 작용은 재무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다.<BR/>[연구의 시사점] 본 논문은 이러한 논증 결과에 근거하여 새로운 기업의 사회적 책임 측정 지표를 제시하였다. 기업의 사회적 책임과 기업의 기술 혁신이 재무 성과에 미치는 영향은 기업이 단기간에 빠르게 수익을 낼 수 있게 하며, 투자자의 기업에 대한 신뢰와 인정을 강화시킬 것이다. 실시 방안 및 관련 연구 전망도 제시함으로써 현존하는 문제 및 향후 전망에 대한 의미 있는 시사점을 제공하였다. [Purpose] With the increasingly fierce market competition, corporate social responsibility(CSR) has emerged as one of the key elements of enterprise competition. The development of enterprises should not only focus on economic responsibility, but also combine enterprise technological innovation and corporate social responsibility to realise sustainable and harmonious development with many other stakeholders such as enterprises, the state and society.<BR/>[Methodology] This study focuses on C SR and technological innovation of enterprises, and examines the relationship with financial performance by adjusting these two factors. This paper selects 1,814 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 as the research sample, and uses Stata16 software to conduct regression analysis.<BR/>[Findings] Corporate social responsibility improves a company's financial performance, and increased investment in technological innovation strengthens a company's core competitiveness, which in turn enhances the value of the company and improves its bottom line financial performance, and the synergistic effect of corporate social responsibility and technological innovation has a positive impact on financial performance.<BR/>[Implications] Based on these arguments, this paper proposes a new corporate social responsibility metric. The impact of corporate social responsibility and technological innovation on financial performance will enable companies to achieve faster returns in the short term and strengthen investor trust and recognition of companies. Implementation measures and related research prospects were also presented. It provides meaningful implications for current issues and future prospects.

대학생이 회상한 부모의 거부적 양육태도가 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향: 거부민감성과 정서표현 양가성의 매개효과

장하은(Ha Eun Jang), 이운경(Woon Kyung Lee) 한국인간발달학회 2025 인간발달연구 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between parental rejection recalled by undergraduate students, rejection sensitivity, two factors of ambivalence over emotional expression and interpersonal problem. Data were collected from 308 undergraduate students (138 males and 170 females) between the ages of 19 to 25 using a questionnaire method. The data were analyzed using path analysis to examine the pathways through which parental rejection, rejection sensitivity, and ambivalence over emotional expression affect interpersonal problems. The findings of this study are as follows: First, parental rejection had a significant direct effect on interpersonal problem of undergraduate students. Second, parental rejection had significant indirect effects on interpersonal problem through rejection sensitivity. Third, paternal rejection had a significant indirect effect on interpersonal problem through relation-involved ambivalence, while maternal rejection had a significant indirect effect on interpersonal problem through both self-defensive ambivalence and relation-involved ambivalence. Finally, parental rejection had significant indirect effects on interpersonal problem through rejection sensitivity and ambivalence over emotional expression. However, the direction of influence of two factors of ambivalence over emotional expression on interpersonal problem differed, with self-defensive ambivalence having a positive effect and relation-involved ambivalence having a negative effect on interpersonal problem. This study highlights that the importance of parental acceptance and rejection during childhood for interpersonal relationships in emerging adulthood, and showed the possibility of ambivalence over emotional expression as an active suppressive mechanism that may play as an adaptive role in the collectivist context and cultural aspect of South Korea.