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張元 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學 Vol.1 No.-
지난 한세대 동안의 급격한 산업화와 도시화로 환경오염이 날로 심화되어 가고 있다. 이에 따라 농업용수나 토양 등 농업환경도 오염되어 거기에서 생산되는 농작물 역시 오염될 가능성이 높게 되었다. 본 연구는 특히 우리나라 전국의 논토양과 현미, 백미 중의 중금속 농도가 환경보전법상의 기준치를 초과한 경우는 없었으나, 일부 공단지역에서 채취된 시료의 경우 기준치에 거의 접근해 우려할만한 농도를 가지고 있는 것으로 판명되었다. With the rapid urbanization and industrialization during the last two decades, agricultural lands have been contaminated with heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg. If heavy metals are not managed properly they can serve as serious pollutants in the agricultural environment. Paddy soils and rice were analyzed to evaluate the degree of heavy-metal contamination in Korea. Results of the study showed that the concentration of heavy metals in paddy soils was relatively high, but that in rice samples was not in serious level.
Realization of Robot Maniqulators Using Computer Graphics
장원,정명진,변증남,Jang, Won,Chung, Myung Jin,Bien, Zeungnam The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 1987 전자공학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2
In this paper, we developed a method of describing the structure of robot arms and a systematic way to use it as a robt-design-aid tool. To describe the structure of robot arms, a robot was regarded as a collection of various links in the form of polygonal pillars. With the aid of the homogeneous transformation, a set of commands for describing the information on how all the links in the robot are connected was defined and used in graphically realizing complex link-based structures including robot manipulators.
장원,정종관,박영숙 한국환경영향평가학회 1997 환경영향평가 Vol.6 No.1
Sanitary landfill is a general method as a final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), therefore leachate characteristics are very various as time goes by because of highly concentrated organic acids are contained nonbiodegradable COD. So it is hard to abide by the mandatory standards of discharge even though applying the physicochemical and biological processes to treat the leachate. The process of treating leachate are determined by the degree of removal and components, but they are highly contained organic materials. It is a removal method to use jointly with the physicochemical process if the hard and fast rule is needed. The critical components of material are COD, ammonia, salts and heavy metals in the case of treating biologically. Biological process is to use metabolism of microorganism, therefore it is a desirable condition which heavy metals are not contained, because they acting as an inhibitor of enzyme. Of these are contained, organic decomposition and synthetic function of microorganisms decrease significantly. Consequently, this research paper lays emphasis on the concentraion of heavy metals in leachate and for the purpose of forecasting the factors which are affecting the leaching of metalic waste in some degree, experimented the various reacting conditions. 1. When the concentration of heavy metals in leachate is in comparison with the level eluted after reaction, at pH 7.9 the result of reaction for PCB to CCL scrap showed that Zn, Mn, Cu was more eluted 11.6 times, 340.3 times, and 2,705.5 times respectively than the leachate undiluted solution. 2. At the condition of strong acid pH 4.7, the concentration of heavy metals in EM undiluted solution showed that Zn, Mn, Cu was more eluted 26.5 times, 147.3 times, and 3,656.3 times respectively than leachate undiluted solution. 3. When the ratio leachate to EM was 50 vs 50(V/V%). Mn was more eluted 198.7 times than leachate undiluted solution, but Zn and Cu do not show the meaningful results. 4. The color of landfill leachate was black-brown. And fulvic acid that is main ingredient of NBD COD contained oxygen of 44∼50%. For that reason, I estimated that the level of Zn, Mn, Cu was higher than the case of leachate. 5. COD of leachate from general landfill is difficult to remove. Because the solution of heavy metals is improved by the character of leachate (pH & ingredient of oxygen etc.) hence the Mn, Cu, Zn act as disturbing factor, the biochemical treatment is hard. Therefore the type of PCB & CCL scrap, iron, aluminum contained metals need to previously separate from general wastes as much as possible.
Subarachnoid hematoma after spinal anesthesia - A case report -
장원,조용현,이동현,김선희 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.13 No.2
Spinal subarachnoid hematoma is a very rare complication of spinal anesthesia. This complication can, and is, often overlooked and dismissed as a fatal neurological consequence of (what amounts to) delayed diagnosis. In this case, a 59-year-old female patient with no specific medical history underwent right knee arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia. The arthroscopic surgery concluded without complications but, on the first postoperative day, the patient complained of lower back pain, headache, nausea, vomiting. On the fifth postoperative day, magnetic resonance imaging was taken and it revealed evidence of a subarachnoid hematoma involving the L3 and L4 vertebral levels. Hematoma evacuation was performed, and the patient recovered without sequelae. Here, we report this case that lumbar spinal subarachnoid hematoma was found five days after spinal anesthesia which was done in a patient without coagulopathy