이음5G 4.7 GHz 대역에서 건물간 전달손실 측정 및 분석

장원,김동우,조병록,오순수 한국전자파학회 2023 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.34 No.7

A demand-based deployment strategy has been recently proposed for e-Um5G in the industrial market. This study measured the transmission loss between buildings at a frequency of 4.7 GHz to initiate small cell deployment in certain areas. A local average apparatus was utilized to remove fading effects, and data were acquired at discrete points one or two meters apart. The transmission losses for buildings 39 m and 95 m from the transmitter were 56.6 dB and 69.1 dB, respectively, excluding free-space loss. The transmission loss was found to be sensitive to building structure and transmitter location, as the loss for a building 39 m away decreased to 49.5 dB when the transmitter was moved closer to the building entrance. The measured results were analyzed in terms of the ITU-R SG3 (International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector, Study Group 3) definition of building entry loss and can be used for frequency sharing and building-level small cell deployment in the e-Um5G frequency band.

폐기물 매립지 침출수에 의한 중금속 용출에 관한 연구

장원,정종관,박영숙 한국환경영향평가학회 1997 환경영향평가 Vol.6 No.1

Sanitary landfill is a general method as a final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), therefore leachate characteristics are very various as time goes by because of highly concentrated organic acids are contained nonbiodegradable COD. So it is hard to abide by the mandatory standards of discharge even though applying the physicochemical and biological processes to treat the leachate. The process of treating leachate are determined by the degree of removal and components, but they are highly contained organic materials. It is a removal method to use jointly with the physicochemical process if the hard and fast rule is needed. The critical components of material are COD, ammonia, salts and heavy metals in the case of treating biologically. Biological process is to use metabolism of microorganism, therefore it is a desirable condition which heavy metals are not contained, because they acting as an inhibitor of enzyme. Of these are contained, organic decomposition and synthetic function of microorganisms decrease significantly. Consequently, this research paper lays emphasis on the concentraion of heavy metals in leachate and for the purpose of forecasting the factors which are affecting the leaching of metalic waste in some degree, experimented the various reacting conditions. 1. When the concentration of heavy metals in leachate is in comparison with the level eluted after reaction, at pH 7.9 the result of reaction for PCB to CCL scrap showed that Zn, Mn, Cu was more eluted 11.6 times, 340.3 times, and 2,705.5 times respectively than the leachate undiluted solution. 2. At the condition of strong acid pH 4.7, the concentration of heavy metals in EM undiluted solution showed that Zn, Mn, Cu was more eluted 26.5 times, 147.3 times, and 3,656.3 times respectively than leachate undiluted solution. 3. When the ratio leachate to EM was 50 vs 50(V/V%). Mn was more eluted 198.7 times than leachate undiluted solution, but Zn and Cu do not show the meaningful results. 4. The color of landfill leachate was black-brown. And fulvic acid that is main ingredient of NBD COD contained oxygen of 44∼50%. For that reason, I estimated that the level of Zn, Mn, Cu was higher than the case of leachate. 5. COD of leachate from general landfill is difficult to remove. Because the solution of heavy metals is improved by the character of leachate (pH & ingredient of oxygen etc.) hence the Mn, Cu, Zn act as disturbing factor, the biochemical treatment is hard. Therefore the type of PCB & CCL scrap, iron, aluminum contained metals need to previously separate from general wastes as much as possible.

Subarachnoid hematoma after spinal anesthesia - A case report -

장원,조용현,이동현,김선희 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.13 No.2

Spinal subarachnoid hematoma is a very rare complication of spinal anesthesia. This complication can, and is, often overlooked and dismissed as a fatal neurological consequence of (what amounts to) delayed diagnosis. In this case, a 59-year-old female patient with no specific medical history underwent right knee arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia. The arthroscopic surgery concluded without complications but, on the first postoperative day, the patient complained of lower back pain, headache, nausea, vomiting. On the fifth postoperative day, magnetic resonance imaging was taken and it revealed evidence of a subarachnoid hematoma involving the L3 and L4 vertebral levels. Hematoma evacuation was performed, and the patient recovered without sequelae. Here, we report this case that lumbar spinal subarachnoid hematoma was found five days after spinal anesthesia which was done in a patient without coagulopathy

수도권 매립지 종합환경조사에 관하여

장원,정종관 한국폐기물자원순환학회 1993 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.1993 No.1

한국 노인의 성별에 따른 수산물 섭취 수준과 노쇠 위험성의 상관성 연구: 제 7기 (2016–2018) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

장원,최예지,조정희,이동림,김양하 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.2

Purpose: This study investigates the association between seafood consumption and frailty according to gender in the Korean elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Seventh (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was procured for this study. Data from 3,675 subjects (1,643 men and 2,032 women) aged ≥ 65 years were analyzed. Levels of seafood intake were assessed by a one-day 24-hour dietary recall, and subjects were classified into three tertiles by gender according to frailty phenotype: robust, pre-frail, and frail. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the association between seafood consumption and frailty for each gender. Results: The prevalence of frailty was determined as 13.4% for men and 29.7% for women. Participants with a higher seafood intake had higher intakes of grains, fruits, and vegetables, while the intake of meat was significantly lower. In both men and women, the group with higher seafood intake showed higher energy and micronutrient intakes. The frail prevalence and frailty score were significantly low in the highest tertiles of seafood consumption compared to the lowest tertile in men and women (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounder, the highest tertile of seafood consumption showed a decreased risk of frailty compared to the lowest tertile only in women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.78; p-trend = 0.008 vs. HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32–0.83; p-trend = 0.008; respectively). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that seafood consumption potentially decreases the risk of frailty in the elderly.

나혜석의 유럽 여행 전후의 양식 변화 연구: 후기인상주의의 영향 관계를 중심으로

장원 현대미술사학회 2020 현대미술사연구 Vol.0 No.47

This study aims to investigate the aspects of the changes of Na Hyesuk's paintings in terms of their style and meaning. I attempt to trace the significance of her colored works produced during the 1930s by focusing on the change of her understanding and adopting of Post-Impressionism via an investigation of her writings. Na wrote about her experiences of European art and culture to expand her comprehension, and published art critical essays. Na’s stay in Europe allowed her to gain direct information and knowledge of Western art in contrast to the refracted view that she learned during her school years in Japan. She previously seemed to have confused Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, but became able to discriminate clearly between them after her trip in Europe. She observed of Post-Impressionists that they would “not forget the essence of art” but “creatively individualize the artistic spirit.” We can observe that Na seems to have become able to project her intuitive interior world into her works as seen in her “Nokdong Landscape,” “Wharyeongkeon Peony,” and “Haein Temple Landscape,” in which she sought to integrate art with her life; by combining Impressionist colors and Fauvist expressions with a Post-Impressionist view of art in composition. 이 연구는 나혜석의 유럽 여행 전후로 변화된 작품의 경향을 양식상의 측면과 내용상의 측면에서 고찰하는데 목적을 두었다. 그러나 1920년대에 조선미술전람회에 출품되었던 작품들은 현재 흑백도판으로만 남아 있어서 그의 초기 인상주의 화풍이 지녔던 색채의 특성을 본격적으로 분석하기에는 많은 장애가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 나혜석이 직접 발표한 글들을 토대로 삼고, 1930년대에 제작되어 원색으로 남아 있는 작품들을 중심으로 후기인상주의에 대한 그의 이해와 적용이 어떻게 변화되었는지에 집중하여 그 의의를 규명해보고자 시도하였다. 나혜석은 미술이 발전된 나라가 곧 문명이 발전된 나라라고 생각했으며,‘ 완전한 예술’을 이루기 위해서는 예술이 발달된 나라에 가서 직접 보고 배워야 한다고 생각했다. 따라서 유럽 여행은 일본 유학 시절 습득했‘던굴 절된’ 유럽 미술이 아니라 자신의 눈으로 생생하게 보고 경험한 유럽의 미술을 통해 보다 정확한 정보와 지식을 쌓게 해주었고, 이에 대한 감상이나 비평을 남김으로써 그 이해의 폭을 넓혔다. 이전에는 인상주의와 후기인상주의를 혼동하다가 유럽 여행 이후에 이들의 구분을 명확히 했으며, 후기인상주의자들은 “자아의 표현과 예술의 본질을 잊지 아니하”고 “예술의 정신을 창조적으로 개체화하려고 하였다”고 보고 자신이 추구해야 할 예술관을 “인격의 표정이요 감격”이 드러나게 하는 것으로 삼았다. 그리하여 〈녹동 풍경〉, 〈화령전 작약〉, 〈해인사 풍경〉에서의 경우처럼 인상주의의 색채뿐만 아니라 야수파의 표현과 후기인상주의의 구도 등을 결합시키고 이를 자신만의 의미 있는 방식, 즉 내면에서 직감된 것을 투영하여 예술과 삶의 일체화를 모색하고 인격의 표정이 드러난 회화를 성취한 것으로 파악할 수 있다.

한국의 핵시설과 방사능 문제 그리고 환경운동의 역할

장원,석광훈,정종관 한국환경정책학회 1997 環境政策 Vol.5 No.1

Nowadays, "Global Warming" is a serious environmental problem, So, we must be careful to use the energy in industry, home and other Parts. In 1970's,advanced industrialized countries nuclear lobbists had propagated that Nuclear Power plant can solve the "Green House Effect" problem. But their propaganda was found that it was a mistake. Nuclear power plants couldn't improve the "Global Waring" problem and they made another problem in addition. Was radiation problem Radiation is into materials to human and other living things, Nuclear power plants occasionally relented radiation into the air and water, addition, if nuclear facilities induce accidents, such as Chemobyl Accident or Three-mile Island Accident, people who ye near them must suffer very serious catastrophe. So, nowadav most of advanced countries construct no more nuclear power plants. Instead, they are now start to use renewable energy, for example, solar energy(such as photovoltaic electriciy, solar heat, etc.) and wind power. South Korea has the most active nuclear plants construction program in the world, such as 5 reactors are now being built, Now nuclear industry lobbists in Korea propagate the same thing that the advanced countries did in 1970. But Korean people and the Government's officials must know that radioactivity released from nuclear power planes are the most serious environmental problems in the w()rid.

생태계 보호를 위한 산성비 대응전략

장원 환경보전협회 1990 환경정보 Vol.12 No.13

Realization of Robot Maniqulators Using Computer Graphics

장원,정명진,변증남,Jang, Won,Chung, Myung Jin,Bien, Zeungnam The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 1987 전자공학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

In this paper, we developed a method of describing the structure of robot arms and a systematic way to use it as a robt-design-aid tool. To describe the structure of robot arms, a robot was regarded as a collection of various links in the form of polygonal pillars. With the aid of the homogeneous transformation, a set of commands for describing the information on how all the links in the robot are connected was defined and used in graphically realizing complex link-based structures including robot manipulators.

나의 주장 - 참 과학기술로 녹색의 21세기를 열자

장원,Jang, Won 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1999 과학과 기술 Vol.32 No.5

이제 환경문제는 바로 발등의 불이다. 우리 인류는 우리가 마치 지구의 마지막 세대인 것처럼 함부로 지구를 파괴하고 있다. 21세기는 상생과 공승의 시대이다. 또 21세기는 원시반본의 시대로 귀본의 시대이다. 첨단과 구닥다리가 잘 조화를 이루어 환경친화적인 과학기술이 연구되어 개발되어야만 하겠다.