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장안철,최지영,이신우,이동헌,배신철 한국식물생명공학회 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.2
Considering that the world population is expected to total 9 billion by 2050, it will clearly be necessary to sustain and even accelerate the rate of improvement in crop productivity. In the 21st century, we now face another,perhaps more devastating, environmental threat, namely climate change, which could cause irreversible damage to agricultural ecosystem and loss of production potential. Enhancing intrinsic yield, plant abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance through agricultural biotechnology will be a critical part of feeding, clothing, and providing energy for the human population, and overcoming climate change. Development and commercialization of genetically engineered crops have significantly contributed to increase of crop yield and farmer’s income, decrease of environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide, and to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from this cropping area. Advances in plant genomics, proteomics and system biology have offered an unprecedented opportunities to identify genes, pathways and networks that control agricultural important traits. Because such advances will provide further details and complete understanding of interaction of plant systems and environmental variables, biotechnology is likely to be the most prominent part of the next generation of successful agricultural industry. In this article, we review the prospects for modification of agricultural target traits by genetic engineering, including enhancement of photosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance associated with such pportunities and challenges under climate change.
벼 형질전환체 유전자 발현 비교분석을 통한 ABP57 유전자의 기능 분석
장안철,최지영,박순기,배신철,김동헌 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회지 Vol.44 No.4
본 연구는 벼에서 양성자 펌프의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 알려진 오옥실 결합단백질 ABP57 유전자의 과발현에 따른 분자생물학적 특성을 분석해 작물 분자육종을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다.ABP57 유전자 과발현 형질전환체와 대비 품종 낙동벼의 뿌리조직에서 유전자 발현 변화를 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 식물체간에 발현량이 2배 이상 차이를 보인 유전자 수는 29,389개 중 총 148개였으며, 그 가운데 65개는 발현량 증가를 보였다. ABP57 유전자 과발현 형질전환체에서 발현량 변화를 보인 유전자들의 생물적 기능을 분석하기 위해 유전자 온톨로지 분석을 수행한 결과 각 부문별로 생물적 작용 부문에 67개 세부항, 세포 구성요소 부문에 59개 세부항, 분자기능 부문에 29개 세부항에 각각 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ABP57 유전자 과발현에 따라 세 개 부문 모두에서 공통적으로 나타난 영향은 H+-ATPases의 활성 증가, 여기에 필요한 에너지원 관련 화합물(ATPs, purines) 생합성 및 대사관련 활동 증가, 이온의 막투과 및 운반체 활동 증가 등이 확인되어 Kim et al.(2001)의 선행 연구결과와 일치하는 경향이었다. 그러나, 엽록체의 일부 구성요소나 G-protein 결합 단백질 신호전달경로, cytokine 신호전달 경로 등과 관련된 단백질 활성 감소는 식물 생육에 부정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다.따라서, 향후 작물의 효율적 분자육종을 위해서는 개별 유전자의 명확한 기능 분석과 더불어 유전자 상호작용에 대한 네트워크 분석 등에 대한 연구개발 노력과 함께 형질전환 식물체에 대한 생리적 특성, 표현형, 농업형질 특성 등에 대한 효과적 분석을 위해 전통육종과의 지속적 교류와 협력이 반드시 필요할 것이다. An auxin-binding protein(ABP57) was previously isolated from rice and known to activate plasmamembrane H+ -ATPases via direct interaction. In this study we analyzed gene expression profiles of ABP57 gene overexpressed transgenic rice plants by microarray analysis to understand its biological and molecular function. A total of 148 cDNAs out of 29,389 unique genes showed changes more than 2 folds in ABP57 gene overexpressed root tissues. From the gene ontology analyses of the expression profiles, patterns of gene expression were observed in three categories as follows: (1) in biological process, genes involved in transmembrane ion transport, hydrogen and cation transport, and generation of precursor metabolites and energy were highly up-regulated; (2) in cellular component, genes involved in mitochondrial part were highly up-regulated, whereas those of chloroplast part were down-regulated; (3) in molecular function, genes involved in hydrogen and ion transmembrane transporter activity and their ATP synthase activity were highly up-regulated. The results supported that the overexpression of ABP57 could highly activate plasmamembrane H+ -ATPases. The challenges for future studies are to characterize the functional and physiological roles of the ABP57 responsive genes including the large numbers of genes of unknown functions.
지속 가능한 농업생산성 증대를 위한 질소 이용 효율 향상
장안철,최지영,박순기,김동헌,배신철 한국육종학회 2011 한국육종학회지 Vol.43 No.5
Agriculture plays a vital role in the sustenance of human society and is the fundamental of developing economies. Nitrogen is one of the most critical inputs that define crop productivity. To ensure better value for investment as well as to minimize the adverse impacts of the accumulative nitrogen species in environment, improving nitrogen use efficiency of crop plants is of key importance. Efforts have been made to study the genetic and molecular biological basis as well as the biochemical mechanisms involved in nitrogen uptake, assimilation, translocation and remobilization in crops and model plants. This review gives an overview of metabolic, enzymatic, genetic and biotechnological aspects of nitrogen uptake, assimilation, remobilization and regulation. This review presents the complexity of nitrogen use efficiency and the need for an integrated approach combining physiology, quantitative trait genetics, system biology, soil science, ecophysiology and biotechnological interventions to improve nitrogen use efficiency.
Impact of the Junction Adhesion Molecule-A on Asthma
장안수,안민혁,이푸른하늘,최선묵,황다연,김정현,박명철,박신희,백애린 연세대학교의과대학 2023 Yonsei medical journal Vol.64 No.6
Purpose: Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A is an immunoglobulin-like molecule that colocalizes with tight junctions (TJs) in the endothelium and epithelium. It is also found in blood leukocytes and platelets. The biological significance of JAM-A in asthma, as well as its clinical potential as a therapeutic target, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of JAM-A in a mouse model of asthma, and to determine blood levels of JAM-A in asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: Mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline were used to investigate the role of JAM-A in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. In addition, JAM-A levels were measured in the plasma of asthmatic patients and healthy controls. The relationships between JAM-A and clinical variables in patients with asthma were also examined. Results: Plasma JAM-A levels were higher in asthma patients (n=19) than in healthy controls (n=12). In asthma patients, the JAM-A levels correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and the blood lymphocyte proportion. JAM-A, phospho-JNK, and phospho-ERK protein expressions in lung tissue were significantly higher in OVA/OVA mice than in control mice. In human bronchial epithelial cells treated with house dust mite extracts for 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h, the JAM A, phospho-JNK, and phospho-ERK expressions were increased, as shown by Western blotting, while the transepithelial electrical resistance was reduced. Conclusion: These results suggest that JAM-A is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and may be a marker for asthma.