한국산 반추가축의 (反芻家畜) 제일위내 미생물상에 관한 연구 - I. 경북지방을 중심으로

이은,이학철 ( Eun Lee,Hak Chul Lee ) 한국낙농학회 1982 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

마우스 및 랫트의 Sendai virus, mouse hepatitis Virus, Mycoplama pulmonis 감염(感染)에 대한 보체결합반응(補體結合反應)과 효소표식면역흡착측정법(酵素標識免疫吸着測定法)과의 비교(比較)

정유열,이학철,이은,유병삼,Chung, Yoo-yeul,Lee, Hak-cheul,Lee, Eun,Yoo, Byung-sam 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

This study was undertaken to establish reliable diagnostic-procedures for the microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals. Murine(mice and rats) antibodies against hemagglutinating virus of Japan(HVJ), mouse hepatitis virus(MHV) and Mycoplasma pulmonis(Mp) were detected sensitively and specifically in experimentally and naturally infected animals' sera by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), using urease conjugated antimurine immunoglobulin. The sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test which has been apllied widely for serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections were apparently lower than those of ELISA. From these results, the ELISA was found to be available for the serodiagnosis of HVJ, MHV and Mp infections in mice and rats.

Salinomycin 飼料添加가 反芻動物 第一胃內 微生物과 그 活性에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

李學喆,李垠 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1984 資源問題硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding salinomycin on rumen bacterial flora and protozoal fauna, on bacterial activity involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids. Eight Korean native goats averaging 19.3kg of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplmented with salinomycin at the level of 0 and 30 ppm. After 3 week adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diet. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding. and 4, 8 hours after feeding on days 0, 7, 14. 28 and 42. 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with salinomycia diet from the 7th to 14th day, although it was gradually increased after that, it was not recovered at the end of experiment. A significant difference (p<.05) among treatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoa throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 14 protofoal species were detected throughout the experimental period: 3 species in Isotrichidae, 11 species in Ophryoscolacidae. The number of protozoal species of salinomycin group was lower than that of control group and the number of Holotricha was increased in salinomycin group. 3. The total of ruminal bacteria tended to increase in salinomlrcin group but no significant difference (p>.05) was observed among treatments and the changes in distribution of bacterial type were similar among treatments. 4. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was varied with bacterial types and the total number of Gram-negative bacteria increased with salinomycin diet, while that of Gram-positive bacteria decreased.

Monensin이 反芻動物 第一胃內 微生物과 그 活性에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

李學喆,李垠 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1983 資源問題硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding monensin on rumen bacterial flora and protozoal fauna, on bacterial enzyme activity involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volattile fatty acids. Nine Korean native goats averaging 15.6 kg of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplemeted with monensin at the level of 0, 30 and 60ppm. Alters 3 weeks adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diets. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding, and 2, 4, 6 and 10 hrs after feeding on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42. 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with monensin diets from the 7th to 28th day of the experimental period, although it appeared to be recovered gradually towards the end of experiments. However, a significant difference (p<.05) among treatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoal throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 20 protozoal species were detected throughout the period: 17 species in Ophryoscolacidae, 3 species in Isotrichide. The number of those was decreased by mnonensin diets, so that the protozal composition of monensin groups was simpler than that of the control. 3. The protozoal fluctuation pattern was changed by the monensin treatment, and the fluctuation of each species consisted of the protozoal composition was varied according to not only species, but also treatments. The counts of protozoa of Holctricha order were appeared to be increased by monensin treatments while no significant differences were noted in counts of protozoa of Spirotricha-order except Eudiplodinium species shown slight increase number. 4. In the total number of ruminal bacteria, nonsignificant difference (p>.05) was observed throughout the experimental period. 5. Fourteen different kinds of the ruminal bacteria types were classified by means of morphology and Gram·stain reaction. In the total number of bacterial types, nonsignifi-cant difference (p> .05) was observed among treatments. 6. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was changed by the monensin treatment, and the fluctuation of each bacterial type consisted of the bacterial composistion was varied according to bacterial types and monensin levels. The total numbers of Gram-negative bacteria increased(15.78~16.41%) with monensin treatments, while the numbers of Gram-positive bacteria decreased (69.65~73.09%) throughout the experimental period. 7. Amylase activity in ruminal fluids of the monensin diet tend to be increased fromt he 7th to 27th or 42nd day of the experimental period : although no significant difference(p) .05) in amylase activity was noted among treatments. 8. Urease activity in ruminal fluids of the 30 ppm diet appeared to be increased from the 7th to 28th day of the experiod, the 60 ppm diet tend to be decreased from the 7th to the end of the experiment. However, no significant difference(p> .05) was observed between the 30 ppm and control group, and the 60 ppm group was significant from the other two groups. 9. In the ruminal pH, values nosignificant difference (p> .05) was found among treat-ments throughout the experimental period. 10. The total rumial VFA concentration was found not to be affected by the monensin treatments. 11. The molar portion of acetate and butyrate in rumen fluids were reduced(p <.06) by monensin diets, propionate, however, increased(p <.05) from the 7th to the end of the-experirnental period. The butyrate was significantly decreased at the 60 ppm level. Non-significant difference (p> .05) was observed in isovalerate and valerate. 12. A significant difference(p <.05) in the average ratio acetate to propionate between 60 ppm level and either control or 30 ppm was observed.

Monensin 사료첨가가 한국재래산양의 제일위내(第一胃內) 미생물상과 그 활성에 미치는 영향

이은,이학철 한국낙농학회 1982 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.4 No.3

The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding monensin on rumen bacterial flora and protozoal fauna, on bacterial enzyme activities involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids. Nine Korean native goats averaging 15.6 ㎏ of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplemented with monensin at the level of 0, 30 and 60 ppm. After 3 weeks adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diets. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding and 2, 4, 6 and 10 hrs after feeding on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42. The results obtained in this study are summerized as follows: 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with monensin diets from the 7th to 28 th day of the experimental period, although it appeared to be recovered gradually towards the end of experiments. However, a significant difference ( P< .05 ) among tereatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoa throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 20 protozoal species were detected throughout the period ; 17 species in Ophryoscolacidae, 3 species in Isotrichidae. The number of those was decreased by monensin diets, so that the protozal composition of monensin groups was simpler than that of the control. 3. The protozoal fluctuation pattern was changed by the monensin treatment, and the fluctuation of each species consisted of the protozoal composition was varied according to not only species, but also treatments. The counts of protozoa of Holotricha order were appeared to be increased by monensin treatments while no significant differences were noted in counts of protozoa of Spirotricha order except Eudiplodinium species shown slight increase in number. 4. In the total number of ruminal bacteria, nonsignificant difference ( P > .05 ) was observed among treatments throughout the experimental period. 5. Fourteen different kinds of the rumen bacterial types were classified by means of morphology and Green-stain reaction. In the total number of bacterial types, nonsignificant difference ( P>.05 ) was observed among treatments. 6. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was changed by the monensin treatment, and the fluctuation of each bacterial type consisted of the bacterial composition was varied according to bacterial types and monensin levels. The total numbers of Gram-negative bacteria increased (15.78-16.41 %) with monensin treatments, While, the numbers of Gram-positive bacteria decreased ( 69.65-73.09% ) throughout the experimental period. 7. Amylase activity in ruminal fluids of the monensin diet tend to be increased from the 7th to 28 th or 42nd day of the experimental period : although no significant difference in amylese activity was noted among treatments. 8. Urease activity in ruminal fluids of the 30 ppm diet appeared to be increased from the 7 th to 28th day of the experimental period, while the 60 ppm diet tend to be decreased from the 7th to the end of the experiment. However, no significant difference (P >.05) was observed between the 30 ppm and control group, and 60 ppm group was significantly different from the other two groups (P< .05). 9. In the ruminal pH, nonsignificant differences (P>.05) were found among treatments throughout the experimental period. 10. The total ruminal VFA concentration was found not to be affected by the monensin treatments. 11. The molar portion of acetate in rumen fluids were reduced ( P< .05 ) by monensin diets, propionate, however, increased ( P<.05 ) from the 7th to the end of the experiment. The butyrate was significantly decreased at the 60 ppm level ( P< .05 ). Nonsignificant difference ( P>.05)was observed in isovalerate and valerate.

Salinomycin 사료첨가가 한국재래산양 제일위내(第一胃內) 미생물과 그 활성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

이은,이학철 한국낙농학회 1983 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.5 No.3

Salinomycin(s) 飼料添加가 反芻動物 Rumen內 微生物相에 미치는 影響과 그에 따르는 活性變化를 究明하기 위하여 平均體重이 19∼20㎏되는 在來牡山羊 8頭를 對照區(4頭)와 SL 30ppm區(4頭)로 나누어 42日間 經日的(0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 日), 經時的(0, 4, 8時)으로 Rumen內 原蟲 및 細菌의 構成과 分布, amylase 및 urease의 活性, 揮發性脂肪酸(VFA) 總量과 그 組成 그리고 Rumen의 pH에 미치는 影響에 對해서 調査했다. 1. 原蟲總蟲數에 있어서 SL區는 試驗開始後 14日째까지 減少하는 傾向을 보이다가, 그 以後 增加하는 傾向을 보였으나 試驗終了日인 42日째까지도 完全한 回復을 보여주지 않았으며 試驗全期間의 平均總蟲數는 對照區보다 낮은 傾向이었다(P<.05). 2. 試驗全期間을 通하여 兩試驗區에서 檢出된 原蟲種數는 Isotrichidae目에 屬하는 것이 3種, Ophryoscolacidae目에 屬하는 것이 11種이었으며 SL區가 對照區에 比하여 原蟲種構成에 있어서 單純化되는 傾向이었으며 屬別로 본 原史構成에서는 全毛蟲類(Holotricha)가 多少 增加하는 傾向을 나타내었다. 3. 細菌總數 있어서, SL區에서 多少 增加하는 傾向을 보였으나 試驗全期間의 平均細菌 總數는 兩區間에 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았으며 細菌類構成의 經日的變動에 있어서도 相互 類似한 傾向을 보여주었다. 4. 型態 및 Gram染色性으로 類別된 各 細菌類의 構成比 增減에 對한 變異程度는 細菌種類에 따라 다르고, SL區는 對照區에 比하여 Gram陰性菌이 增加하고 Gram濫性菌이 減少하는 傾向이었다. 5. 細菌의 酵素活性에 있어서 Amylase活性은 試驗全期間, SL處理區가 對照區에 比해서 多少 높은 活性値를 보이면서 顯著한 變動을 나타내었으며, urease活性値는 經日的 變動에 있어서 一定한 傾向을 볼 수 없었다. 그러나 上記 2個 酵素平均活性値는 ○區間 有意한 差를 나타내지 않았다(P>.05). 6. 試驗全期間을 通하여 Rumen內 pH變化는 ○區間에 類似한 傾向을 보여주었으며, 平均 pH 値間에도 有意한 差를 나타내지 않았다(P>.05). 7. 生成 VFA總量은 ○區間 有意한 差를 보여주지 않았다. 그러나 VFA 各組說酸別로는 試驗開始 7日째부터 SL區는 對照區에 比해 acetate가 減少하고 propionate가 增加하는 傾向이었으며, butyrate에 있어서는 SL區가 對照區에 比해 多少 낮은 數値로 變動되었으나 平均値에 있어서 兩區間 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았으며 나머지 徵量의 2種 VFA(Ci 5, Ci)도 ○區間 類似한 傾向으로 變動하고 平均値에 있어서 有意한 差가 認定되지 않았다. The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding salinomycin on rumen bacterial flora and protozcal fauna, on bacterial activity involving amylase and urease, on ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids. Eight Korean native goats averaging 19.3㎏ of body weight were randomly alloted to the diets supplmented with salinomycin at the level of 0 and 30 ppm. After 3 week adaptation period the animals were fed the experimental diet. Ruminal fluids were collected and examined just before feeding, and 4, 8 hrs after feeding on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42. 1. The total number of ruminal protozoa was markedly decreased with salinomycin diet from the 7th to 14th day, although it was gradually increased after that, it was not recovered at the end of experiment. A significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments could be noted in the total number of ruminal protozoa throughout the experimental period. 2. A total of 14 protozoal species were detected throughout the experimental period: 3 species in Isotrichidae, 11 species in Ophryoscolaciade. The number of protozoal species of salinomycin group was lower than that of control group and the number of Holotricha was increased in salinomycin group. 3. The total of ruminal bacteria tended to increase in salinomycin group but no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed among treatments and the changes in distribution of bacterial type were similiar among treatments. 4. The bacterial fluctuation pattern was varied with bacterial types and the total number of Gram-negative bacteria increased with salinomycin diet, while that of Gram positive bacteria decreased. 5. Amylase activity had tendency to increase in salinomycin group but no significant ditterence (P<0.05) was observed among treatments. 6. In the urease activity, no significant difference (P>0.05) was found among treatments throughout the experimental period. 7. In the ruminal pH values, no significant difference (P>0.05) was found among treatments throughout the experimental period. 8. The total ruminal VFA concentration was found not to be affected by the salinomycin treatment. The molar portion of acetate in ruminal fluid was reduced (P>.05) by salinomycin diet, but that of propionate increased (P>.05) from the 7th to the end of the experimental period. The molar portion of butyrate tended to decrease but no significant difference (P>.05) was noted among treatments, neither was in isovalerate nor in valerate.