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지방정부 형태가 재무정보공개에 미치는 영향분석: 미국지방정부 사례를 중심으로
이학연,박진솔 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2021 行政論叢 Vol.59 No.3
There is the distinctive characteristic of US local governments that citizens can choose their form of government. Based on this unique US local government system, this study aims to analyze empirically the effects of the form of government on the disclosure of financial information by local governments. The analysis used data from the ICMA survey on government form and the certificate of achievement for excellence in a financial reporting program issued by the Government Finance Officers Association. The analysis utilized logit and negative binomial regressions to demonstrate that there is a negative association between the mayor-council system and disclosure of financial information by local governments. Furthermore, the analysis was extended by employing Nelson and Svara’s (2010) classification of form of government and found that the method of selecting a mayor may influence the extent to which local governments disclose financial information to citizens. The findings provide policy implications for Korean local governments that unilaterally adopted the mayor-council system. The theme of government form is suggested for inclusion in the current debate on Korean government decentralization.
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An International Comparison of R&D Efficiency : DEA Approach
이학연,박용태 기술경영경제학회 2005 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.13 No.2
A prerequisite for making R&D more productive is to be able to measure its productivity. Most of the previous studies on this topic have attempted to measure R&D productivity at the firm or industry levels. In this study, however, R&D productivity is measured at the national level to provide R&D policy implications, particularly for Asian countries. Contrary to the previous studies where total factor productivity was adopted, this study employs the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure R&D productivity. DEA is a multi-factor productivity analysis model for measuring the relative efficiency of each Decision Making Unit (DMU). In addition to the basic DEA model that includes all inputs and outputs, five additional models are constructed by combining single input with all outputs and single output with all inputs in order to measure specialized R&D efficiency. In this study, the twenty-seven countries are classified into four clusters based on the output-specialized R&D efficiency: inventors, merchandisers, academicians, and duds. Then, the characteristics of the Asian countries with respect to R&D efficiency are identified. It is found that Singapore ranks high in total efficiency, and Japan in patent-oriented efficiency. Meanwhile, China, Korea, and Taiwanare found to be relatively inefficient in R&D. We expect that the findings from this study will be able to provide directions for R&D policy-making of the Asian countries.
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이학연,J.S. Butler 서울대학교행정대학원 2022 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.37 No.4
Clear evidence about the effectiveness of economic development incentives is limited. To bridge this research gap, this study uses the Upjohn Institute Panel Database on Incentives and Taxes (PDIT). Unemployment and employment rates are used to analyze the effectiveness of tax-based incentives. Statistical results indicate that tax incentives have a marginal impact on employment status and limited benefits to states. Only the R&D tax credit statistically significantly increases employment rates. This result supports the interpretation of economic development policies as a zero-sum game.
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정책델파이 분석을 통한 지역경제 성장요인 분석: 한국적 맥락에서의 요인 탐색
이학연 한국정책분석평가학회 2022 政策分析評價學會報 Vol.32 No.3
Regional extinction has become an important social issue because of the increasing severity of regional imbalance and interregional disparity. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors associated with local economic growth and to seek a direction for local economic development. Therefore, this study was conducted to propose policy alternatives to address these two problems by analyzing the effects of government’s ability to manage finances, which can change depending on local government efforts and regional or local economic growth. In contrast to previous studies, this research employed a qualitative method called policy Delphi. This method of analysis confirmed that knowledge-based industries can significantly influence the development of the local economy and become a new growth engine for local economic growth. This study also attempted to establish an unconventional conception of knowledge-based industry. In particular, experts in local economies recommend that finance, information and communications, health, culture, and sports must be included in the concept of knowledge-based industry and scientific technology as essential elements. According to the policy Delphi analysis, local governments need to make an effort to encourage the development of knowledge-based industry that highlights characteristics of the local economy. Many experts also suggest that local governments improve their competencies in managing finances, as well as implement policies that more business and investment. 현재 지역소멸이라는 이슈가 우리사회에 큰 화두가 되고있는 이유 중 하나는 지역 간 차이뿐만 아니라 지역 내 격차도 점점 심각해지고 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 지역경제 발전과 관련한 요인을 찾음으로써, 우리나라 지방정부의 지역경제 발전방향을 모색하는 것에 초점을 두었다. 또한 실증분석이 주된 선행연구와 차별화하기 위해 대표적인 질적분석 방법인 정책델파이 방법을 적용하였다. 분석결과 우선 지방정부 역량강화의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 지방정부의 인적역량과 지역경제성장 간의 상관성에 대한 이견은 존재하였으나, 재정적 역량과 지역경제 연관성에 대한 전문가들 의견은 대체로 일치하였다. 그리고 지역경제 성장과 관련한 요인으로 지식기반산업의 중요성을 확인하였고, 명확하게 정립되지 않은 지식기반산업에 대한 개념적 정립을 시도하였다. 사회·환경적 요소와 관련한 사항으로 노령인구 비율과 관련한 이슈를 확인할 수 있었으며, 지역의 사회·환경적 요소를 측정할 수 있는 다양한 지표 개발의 필요성을 확인하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 다음과 같은 함의를 제시하였다. 재정적 역량과 지역경제 성장과 상관성이 높다고 평가되고 있기 때문에 지방정부는 효율적인 재정운영을 위한 노력을 기울여야 한다. 또한 지방자치단체들은 지식기반산업을 향후 지역경제 성장을 위한 원동력으로 인식하고 이와 관련한 기업 및 산업유치에 노력을 기울여야 한다. 마지막으로 지식기반산업은 다양한 산업영역을 포괄하기 때문에 지방정부는 지역의 특색에 맞는 산업을 선점하려는 전략적 접근방식이 필요하다.
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