추골 동맥류의 수술경험

이중석,김국기,임영진,김태성,이봉암,임언 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.1

Preferences and flexibility in decision-making among dental clinicians regarding the treatment of multirooted teeth: an interactive communication device-based survey at two academic conferences

이중석,임현창,김민수,최성호,정의원 대한치주과학회 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: Decision-making by dental and medical experts can be influenced by their biases, interests, and experiences, and academic arguments about controversial issues may additionally be considered indirect experiences capable of affecting decision-making. This study reports on the use of interactive communication devices to evaluate preferences and flexibility in decision-making among dental care providers who attended two distinct academic conferences. Methods: Two debates were presented by a team of two lecturers at two academic conferences (focusing on periodontology and implant dentistry, respectively) and the audience members of each session were surveyed. Before each lecture, two case modules about the diagnosis and treatment of multirooted molar lesions were provided, and interactive communication devices were used to collect responses about decision-making preferences in treatment planning immediately before and after a debate about treatment strategies. Results: In total, 81 and 84 completed answers from both conferences were obtained for the first and second case modules, respectively. The preferred treatment plan differed significantly according to the focus of the conference, and a tendency emerged for the clinicians participating in each conference to express uniform preferences. However, attending the debates resulted in significant changes in decision-making preferences regardless of the conference focus or the characteristics of the participants. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that providing continuing education via debates on controversial issues may be effective in widening conceptual knowledge and reducing biases among experts in the dental and medical fields.

한국 성인의 혈중 알코올 제거율 및 관련 인자에 대한 Spaghetti Plot을 이용한 재분석 및 예측 모델

이중석,남범우,서정석,서정철,방한준,안민철,홍봉식,이승환 한국중독정신의학회 2019 중독정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : Alcohol-related pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and related factors in Korean male and female were reported respectively in our previous works, but they lacked methodological validity. We recalculated more reliable parameters including the volume of distribution (Vd) and blood alcohol elimination rate (β-value) and examined the potential of predictive models using new analytic techniques. Methods : Out of 101 men and 91 women, 66 men and 65 women were selected for the final data analysis. New PK parameters were obtained from redrawn blood alcohol concentration (BAC)-time spaghetti plots for every subject. Regression analyses were used to determine β-values and predictive models for Vd and β-value. Results : For men, β-value was 0.147±0.045 g/L/hr and ranged between 0.050-0.240 g/L/hr, for women it was 0.155±0.047 g/L/hr and ranged between 0.060-0.270 g/L/hr, demonstrating a significant difference after adjustment for age, past drinking behavior, and smoking. Influence of alcohol dose on β-value was not significant. Vd was significantly predicted by height, weight and sex multifactorially (R2=0.562, p<0.001), and body fat ratio monofactorially (R2=0.812, p<0.001). β-value was significantly predicted by sex, weight, total body water, and past drinking behavior (R2=0.706, p<0.001). Conclusion : Using new analytic methods, we updated alcohol related PK parameters and investigated the influence of related factors on Vd and β-value with predictive models. It is expected that the outcomes of this study could be a contribution to a more precise BAC estimation in forensic psychiatry fields.

흡음재의 한계를 극복한다 - 메타포러스 물질 연구

이중석,김윤영 한국소음진동공학회 2018 소음 진동 Vol.28 No.5

High-performance Stable N-type Indenofluorenedione Field-Effect Transistors

이중석,박영일,김범준,김범진,박종욱,조정호 한국고분자학회 2011 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.2

敎育行政의 寄生倂發症勢 및 學校風土의 組織健康에 대한 分析

李重昔 淸州敎育大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

It is probably an exaggeration to say that the recent developments in educational administration constitute a revolution, but it is no exaggeration to say that the last or two decades have witnessed profound changes which seem to forecast more extensive developments in the near future. Much of the "new" in educational administration involves new knowledge which leads to new insights into administrative behavior with consequent hope for increasing the professional capability of school administrators to meet the challenges that lie ahead in our education. Some refer to the "revolution" in educational administration while others speak of a "new ferment" in it and still others discuss the status qo educational administration. The refore, it is almost impossible today to maintain a school in status quo forces for change in our society are so powerful and so pervasive that remaining static is nearly impossible. The chief school administrators, who constitutes the kernel parts of a school with teachers, and pupils, are in a unique position to block or facilitate the initiation of change. In another word, "a change in the school labeled as an innovation is in their grips. Kurt Lewin and his associates have contributed another significant theory concerning interpersonal behavior in organizations which is generally the approach that is widely associated with "group dynamics." Lewin posited that important determinants of organizational behaviors are (1) the characteristics of the individual, (2) the characteristics of the group, and (3) the cultural norms. Together, these determinants form a field of forces which change the climate and effectiveness of the organization to be discussed here. The development of the social systems view of organizational behavior-beginning with Mayo and Roethlisberger's Western Electric researches in the 1930's and continuing through the work of Getzels in the late 1950's-has underscored the intimate interrelationship between the individual person and the organization and has pointed up the importance of role in the organization. And Lewin's stress on the importance of the individual's participation in decisions which affect him has aided the development of a concept with which names such as Argyri's immoturity-maturity theory McGregor's Theory, Y. X and theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. are associated. Essentially, this concept is that organizational behavior is strongly affected by the administrator's influence and the need for the individual to control himself. Thus, the trend is not only away from the arbitrary, coercive, autocratic exercise of power, but toward more effective, personal involvement-as reflected in organizational behavior. There is obviously a quid pro quo relationship between the role-player and the organization, the maintenance of which can be thought of as a state of equilibrium between the needs of the organization (nomothetic) and those of the individual. As long as this state of equilibrium exists, the relationship will presumably be satisfactory, enduring, and relatively productive. Lonsdale explains three useful terms-(1) Homoeostasis, (2) Feedback, and (3) Entropy as an indicator of the state of equilibrium existing between the organization and its external environment. Warren Bennis also provides a succinct listing of the "human problems confronting contemporary organization-(1) Integration, (2) Social influence, (3) Collaboration, (4) Adaptation, and (5) revitalization. Chris Argyris uses the concept of organizational effectiveness similarly to Miles and Benni's use of organizational health. Argyris contends that organization effectiveness hinges on an organizations's ability to accomplish three essentials-(1) Achieve its goals. (2) Maintain itself internally, and (3) Adapt to its environment. Miles uses 10 dimensions to describe organization health as followings-(1) Goal focus. (2) Communication adequacy, (3) Optimal power equalization. (4) Resources utilization. (5) cohesiveness, (6) Morale, (7) Autonomy, (8) Innovativeness, (9) Adaptation, and (10) problem-solving adequacy. This researcher tried to overhaul the organizational climate and health of korean school by the use of the above-mentioned dimensions of organizational heath listed by Miles. Accordingly, The most important possible concern focus is that we should deal with matters such as leadership, organizational climate, decision making, change in an organizational setting confronting our school. and etc. In the future school organization will undoubtedly be needed, staffed, and organized around a "climate of beliefs with regard to effective human behavior in organizations which will make the more responsive both to internal and external pressures. This climate of beliefs, or system of values, will include the following, as described by Bennis: 1. Full and free communication, regardless of rank and power. 2. Reliance on consensus, rather than on the more customary forms of coercion or compromise, to resolve conflict. 3. The idea that influence is based o technical competence and knowledge, rather than on the vagaries of personal whim or prerogatives of power. 4. An atmosphere that permits and even encourages emotional expression, as well as task-oriented acts. 5. A basically human bias, one which accepts the inevitability of conflict between the organization and the individual, but which is at the same time willing to consider such conflicts on rational grounds. Taking these viewpoints into account let us take a look at our beliefs to which the adherents of the "new" in educational administration would tend to subcribe: 1) Administration is comprised of specialized knowledge skills, and understandings which are different from the activities being administered. 2) The practice of administration, in the new sense, is based on a realistic view of organizations as they actually exist. 3) the scientific foundations of the "new administration" are in the behavioral science. 4) Change is ineluctable in educational administration, and innovation is urgently needed.

同一化와 人性과의 關係에 對한 硏究

李重昔 淸州敎育大學校 1971 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Identification is thought of as an interactional process between children and adults whereby a person's personality is modified to incorporate and conform with expectations, ideals, and imperatives held by members of the group to which he belongs. But today's situation is not the same as it used to be. Juveniles run utterly counter to adults in terms of values, ideals, thought, and perspectives. They think the present adults contribute too little to be reckoned with in shaping children for the future. The chronic discontinuity and contempt between older and younger generations has posed a grave threat to juvenile education and for quite some time has been the subject of controversy on whether to let young people identify with the older generation or not. Still worse, what adult phenomena and psychology do to the minds of children is considered to he planting meager personal impressions upon young men and converting them into the target of villification and discount. In a nutshell, the uneducational effect wrought by a range of disparities between generations is definitely more negative than positive. I) The Purpose This study attempted to seek the effectiveness of identification, especially negative-symbolic identification as today's subject of controversy. The specific objectives are: 1. To make clear how identification as a kind of socialization exerts formative influences upon personality development as an incentive factor. 2. To make clear the degree and correlation between identification (negative-symbolic identification) and personality traits-general activity, dominance, emotional stability, impulsiveness, masculinity, objectivity, reflectiveness, and sociability as classified in Dr. Chong Bum Mo's personality test. 3. To make clear how the negative-symbolic identification, overriding the positive realistic identification, exerts a detrimental influence upon the self-development of youth. 4. To make clear which factors determine the occurrence of identification, its pattern, change, degree, and presence or absence. 5. To understand the relation of a model's substitute selection and human development, and that of the model's childrearing styles and self-development. 1. A review was made of literature relevant to the study concerned. 2. Dr, Chong's personality test was administered to 200 students of ChongjuTeachers College as a measure of their Personality traits, These traits included general activity vs, nonactivity, sociability vs, unsociability, masculinity vs. feminity, emotional stability vs. unstability, dominance vs. submissiveness, impulsiveness vs, self-control, objectivity vs. subjectivity, and reflectiveness vs, frivolousness 3. These results were classified by percentile scores into high, middle, and low groups-100%-75%, 75%-25%, and 25%-0% respectively, 4. An identification test made by the researcher was administered in order to find out the student's general state of identification. This accompanied the personality test of Dr, Chong. The identification is composed of 35 items in all for examining the students' identification patterns and divers1ons and their influences, model's substitute patterns, model's childrearing styles, identification and achievement motives, identification and social status, plus identification and self-concept formation. 5. The above ratings of the two tests were correlated and compared with the use of x² and p (level of significance). Ⅳ) Results The following results were indicated: A) It was disclosed that the negative-symbolic identification, of the various identifications occupying the minds of youth, has a higher significant correlation with inter-personality traits listed above except a few traits beneath p>0.01: The correlation between the negative-symbolic identification and interpersonality traits was confirmed at a 1% level of significance, as shown below the order of x²scores: Level of significance(p) & x² of negative-positive identification Order Personality Traits x² Level of significance 1 Emotional Stability-Unstability 13.44 P<0.01 2 Sociability-Unsociability 13.03 P<0.01 3 Masculinity-Feminity 12.05 P<0.0l 4 Dominance-Submissiveness 11.97 P<0.01 5 Reflectiveness- Frivolousness 10.04 P<0.0l 6 Impulsiveness-Self control 8.75 0.02<P>0.01 7 Objectivity-Subjectivity 6.78 0.05<P>0.02 8 General activity-Nonactivity 4.12 0.20<P>0.10 Level of significance (p) & x² of symbolic-realistic identification Order Personality Traits x² Level of Significance 1 General activity-nontativity 21.82 P<0.01 2 Dominace-Submissiveness 20.35 P<0.01 3 Impulsiveness-Self control 16.11 P<0.01 4 Sociability-Unsociability 11.35 P<0.01 5 Emotional Stability-Unstability 9.86 P<0.01 6 Objectivity-Subjectivity 8.06 0.02<P>0.01 7 Masculinity-Feminity 7.42 0.05<P>0.02 8 Reflectiveness-Frivolousness 0.77 0.70<P>0.50 B) It was disclosed that the negative-positive identification and symbolic-realistic identification produced seriously wide disparities, nearing the widely separated upper and lower groups. The disparities were confirmed at a 26-3 difference between the upper and lower group's negative-positive identification and 22-10 in symbolic realistic identification. This is illustrated below: Mean & difference of negative-positive identification Class Negative M Positive M D Upper 54 51 3 Middle 52 37 15 Lower 58 32 26 Mean & difference of symbolic-realistic identification Class Symbolic M Realistic M D Upper 51 41 10 Middle 53 45 8 Lower 57 35 22 C) It was disclosed that the negative-symbolic identification exerts more definitely serious influences upon self-development than any other identification, overriding positive-realistic identification, This indicates the converse nature of negative-symbolic identification. The negative-symbolic identification patterns were confirmed at 85.4%, and 87.2% of response percentages, outstripping a diversity of other identifications as shown below: Response percentage of identification patterns Identification Pattern Response Percentage Secondary Reinforcemnt Identification 10.3 Dependency Identification 18.5 Status Power Envy Identification 27.3 Vicarious Reinforcement Identification 28.1 Symbolic Identification 85.4 Negative Identification 87.2 Similarity Identification 52.2

S.Freud가 學習理論에 奇與한 影響

李重昔 淸州敎育大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

음향 소산 메타포러스 물질

이중석 대한기계학회 2018 기계저널 Vol.58 No.7

行動治療와 精神分析間의 比較와 效果

李重昔 淸州敎育大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Behavior therapy (as it has come to be called in England) or behavior modification (the term preferred in the United states) has in recent years become perhaps on of the most controversial topics of modern psychology. Since the beginning of this century, two major approaches to the understanding and treatment of disorders of behavior have dominated clinical psychology, at times proceeding quite independently of each other, at times clashing violently. Presently, a spirited and occasionally acrimonious dispute is in progress between the advocates of the "psychodynamic" approach and those of the "behavioristic" approach. The former outlook developed, of course, primarily as a consequence of the work of Freud, while the latter developed primarily from the work of Pavlov, although there have been attempts to "marry the two approaches and show that they are transferable into a single, mere comprehensive set of theoretical terms. The psycho-dynamic approaches to therapy has been characterized by its "clinical" emphasis and "global" prsonality change achieved through insight and therapist-patient interaction, and is practised by medically trained persons and those psychologists who are nonexperimentally inclined, at least in the sense in which that term is used in referring to "experimental psychology." The application of learning principles to behavioral change has led to another therapeutic approach, which significantly departs from these traditianal methods and their underlying assumptions of the causes of behavior. Behavior therapy attempts to alleviate specific behavioral problems as quickly as possible by controlling the patient's learning behavior. Maladaptive responses, as Wolpe, a psychiatrist who became disillusioned with traditional psychotherapy, argued, are a product of learning and, as such, can be modified by learning techniques. Behavior is learned and it can be unlearned. As B.F. Skinner holds, man's behavior is determined not from within himself but from forces in his environment. Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences. The self, he says, is "a repertoire of behavior appropriate to a given set of contingencies." Rewards are used to encourage responses to certain stimuli. Both classical and operant conditionings are applied to this end. It is well known that new approaches in psychology usually have generated a wave of enthusiasm which is rapidly followed by a wave of criticism. In addition, some grave misgivings are arising about what we regard, as serious misconceptions within the behavior therapy movement and certain trends which, if not checked, may spell disaster for the whole concept of behavior therapy within a relatively short period of time. Of course, a number of real advantages to behavior therapy have been pointed by many (Here omitted). The proponents of this technique report great success with its application, with one reviewer claiming a substantial reduction of symtoms in about 90% of the treated cases. Despite these issues, we will probabily see a widening of behavior modification techniques and a joint application of this approach and traditional psychotherapy. In this research study, I have attempted to consider first the efficacy of behavior therapy, in which the major results of behavior are assessed, the similarities and differences in general between behavior therapy and psychoanalysis, the ethical dilemma inherent in all forms of therapy, and then to look at the historical antecedents of behavior therapy, its development, its allegiance to the experimental approach, its success and failures, finally at its future likely trends of development.