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이영식,문성용,Lee Young-Sik,Moon Seong-Yong 한국해양학회 2006 바다 Vol.11 No.3
유기물 증가원인의 파악과 근본적인 대책에 대한 연구의 일환으로 부영양화된 연안해역에 대하여 태풍 발생 전후의 수질변동에 대하여 조사하였다. 용존산소 포화도는 수온과 염분 약층이 형성된 시기에 저층에서 54%이하로 관측되었다. 태풍이 지나간 직후에는 표층과 저층에서 거의 비슷한 용존산소 포화도$(78\sim88%)$가 조사되었다. 그리고, 태풍이 지나간 3일 후 식물플랑크톤이 대량으로 증식한 표층에서 용존산소 포화도가 234%로 아주 높은 값이 관측되었고, 저층(5m)에서도 90%가 조사되었다. 염분이 가장 낮았던 시기에 표층에서 $NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N,\;SiO_2-Si$의 최고 농도가 각각 18.22, 38.90, $52.10{\mu}M$로 조사되었으며, $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P,\;SiO_2-Si$는 용존산소가 낮은 저층에서도 높게 나타났다. 클로로필은 최고 $311.0{\mu}g^{-1}$가 태풍 후에 관측되었으며, 그 원인 생물은 Scrippsiella trochoidea(42,000 cells $ml^{-1}$)였다. 조류성장잠재능력은 태풍발생 후에 아주 높게 조사되었으며, 항상 질소가 부족한 것으로 조사되었다. 화학적 산소요구량은 최고 $10.55mg\;l^{-1}$였으며, 태풍으로 저층 퇴적물로부터 부유되는 유기 오탁 물질이 화학적 산소요구량 증가에 미치는 기여도는 크지 않은 것으로 보이며, 화학적 산소요구량 증가의 대부분이 식물플랑크톤의 증식에 기인한 것($r^2=0.612$, p=0.000)으로 조사되었다. The water quality before and after a typhoon was investigated as a part of a study on the increase of organic matter and on the fundamental measures to counter chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the eutrophic Soho coastal seawaters of Gamak Bay. The dissolved oxygen (DO) saturations were <54% when water column was stratified. The DO saturation was similar at surface and in the bottom layer after a typhoon $(78\sim88%)$, and a very high DO saturation (234%) was observed in the surface water after mass phytoplankton growth. The highest values of $NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N,\;PO_4-P$, and $SiO_2-Si$ were 18.22, 38.90, 1.58, and $52.10{\mu}M$, respectively, when freshwater entered after heavy rainfall events. In addition, high concentrations of $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P$, and $SiO_2-Si$ were detected with low DO saturations in bottom water (>5m). A maximum chlorophyll (Chl.) concentration of $311.0{\mu}gl^{-1}$ was observed after typhoon, when a high-density Scrippsiella trochoidea red tide occurred with cell density of 42,000 cells $ml^{-1}$. The algal growth potential (AGP) was high after the typhoon. Nitrogen was always a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. The highest COD level was $10.55mgl^{-1}$, and the main reason of the variation in COD was likely to be phytoplankton growth $(r^2=0.612,\;p=0.000)$. Organic matter, which entered the water column when the typhoon stirred the sediments, seems to have little effects on COD increase.
한국어 말하기 시험의 유형 및 채점 기준 설정을 위한 기초 연구
이영식 국제한국어교육학회 2004 한국어 교육 Vol.15 No.3
This paper is concerned with understanding the basic principles for developing the speaking tests of Korean as a foreign language. It first reviews the different formats and methods of speaking tests. Three types of speaking tests are discussed in terms of test administration and scoring: 1) human administration and human scoring, 2) machine administration and human scoring, and 3) machine administration and machine scoring. Based on the speaking test review, it discusses one type of the task-based information- gap speaking test in order to make sure that the speaking test is communicative. It then evaluates and discusses a range of scoring schemes for speaking tests with regards to the holistic and analytic approaches. It finally develops a couple of sample rating schemes for Korean speaking tests, and makes some suggestions in order to develop a proper Korean speaking test in the context of Korean language education as a foreign language.
타액선(唾液腺) 적출(摘出)이 상아질(象牙質) 형성(形成)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 주사(走査) 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的) 연구(硏究)
이영식,박상진,민병순,최호영,Lee, Young-Sik,Park, Sang-Jin,Min, Byung-Soon,Choi, Ho-Young 대한치과보존학회 1989 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salivary gland on the calcification of dentin in rats. 80 Sprague-Dawley male rats that weighed approximately 120gm were used in this study. 5 rats among them were shared as controls. 75 rats received sialoadenectomy were divided into submaxillary adenectomy group, parotidectomy group, and submaxillary-parotid gland combined removal group. In experimental groups, 25 rats in each of the 3 groups were sacrificed at the following intervals; 3 days, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. All animals were sacrificed by vascular perfusion with 10% formalin. The maxillary incisors including periapical tissues were removed and defatted in 20% KOH solution at $0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, and dehydrated with acetone. Each tooth specimen was attached on the stab for scanning electron microscopic study. Gold was coated on the each specimen in the thickness of 300${\AA}$ at D.C. 1400V, 6mA for 6 minutes with coating machine (Eiko IB-3). Inner dentinal surfaces of the specimens were observed with SEM (Hitachi S-450). The results were as follows, 1. Parotidectomy groups were found to be inhibited the formation of dentinal calcification compared to submaxillary adenectomy groups in the eady stages. 2. Combined removal of submaxillary and parotid gland was appeared to cause more severe inhibition effect on the dentinal calcification than that of each salivary gland separately. 3. Inhibition of the calcification and mineralization of dentin caused by sialoadenectomy was more extreme from 3 day to 2 weeks after beginning of the experiments. However it was tended to be normalized after that. 4. Salivary gland was responsible for alterations in calcification and mineralization of dentinal growth.
가야왕릉묘역 출토유물로 본 가야와 동아시아의 교류 -김해 대성동고분군, 함안 말이산고분군, 고령 지산동고분군을 중심으로-
이영식 동아시아고대학회 2019 동아시아고대학 Vol.0 No.55
가야왕릉묘역의 김해 대성동고분군, 함안 말이산고분군, 고령 지산동고분군 등에서 출토되는 외래계통의 유물들은 가야제국과 동아시아의 교류를 직접적으로 보여주는 물적 증거이다. 본 논문은 이들 가야고분군에서 출토되는 외래계통의 유물들을 집성하여 <표>로 제시하고, 이러한 유물들이 부장될 수 있었던 역사적 배경을 한국․중국․일본의 문헌기록에서 찾고자 했던 시도이다. 가야제국의 국제적 교류는 중국의 한군현에서 시작하여 고구려․백제․신라의 삼국과 일본열도의 왜국들에 이르기까지 문헌적 고고학적 자료가 적극적으로 확인되고 있다. 가야제국은 성립부터 고조선 유민들의 남천에서 비롯되었다. 가야는 처음부터 국제적 교류에 익숙한 유전자를 가진 문명이었다. 전기가야에는 남부가야를 중심으로 한군현을 통한 중국과의 교류가 시작되었고, 일본열도의 왜인들은 가야제국을 최초의 ‘외국’으로 인식하였다. 금관가야 대성동고분군 출토의 후한경이나 칠기와 대성동고분군 주인공의 왕궁시설이었던 회현동패총 출토의 왕망전 등은 『삼국지』한전의 기록들과 대응하며, 동과․방제경․파형동기․수정제곡옥․석촉 등과 같은 왜계통의 유물들은 『삼국지』왜인전이나 『일본서기』의 기록들과 조응하며, 29호분의 동복과 금동관, 91호분의 로만글래스, 88호분의 진식대금구 등의 유입은 『진서』와 「칠지도명문」과 「광개토왕릉비」 등에서 그 역사적 배경을 확인할 수 있었다. 아라가야 말이산고분군 출토의 칠기와 삼각판혁철단갑과 마갑 등은 『삼국지』와 「광개토왕릉비문」의 기록들과 대응하며, 아라가야권이었던 의령 운곡리․경산리고분군 출토의 운주․재갈․등자와 창원 현동유적의 하지키 등은 『일본서기』의 이른바 ‘사비회의’와 ‘임나일본부’ 관련의 기사들이 참고로 되었다. 대가야 지산동고분군에서 출토되는 은장철모․봉황문환두대도․등자 같은 백제계통의 유물과 삼엽문환두대도와 심엽형행엽 등의 신라계통의 유물은 『삼국사기』와 『일본서기』에서 관련기사가 확인되는데, 대가야가 백제와 신라가 결성 유지했던 군사동맹과 결혼동맹의 사실들과 『일본서기』에 보이는 가야멸망기의 관련기사들에 대조해 보았다. 김해 대성동고분군, 함안 말이산고분군, 고령 지산동고분군은 가야왕릉묘역으로 인정되고 있으며, 출토유물 중에 다수의 위신재가 포함되고 있다는 특징이 있어 가야와 동아시아 제국 왕권 간의 수수관계가 확인되면서도, 왜 계통의 분묘형식이나 생활용기의 칠기나 토기 같은 유구와 유물도 확인된다는 것은 문헌기록에서 보여주는 인적교류의 일면을 웅변하는 것으로 생각되었다. The artifacts from the Gimhae Daeseongdong Tumuli, the Haman Malisan Tumuli, and the Koryong Jisandong Tumuli in the Gaya Royal Mausoleum are direct evidence of the exchange between the Gaya and East Asia. This paper attempts to collect foreign artifacts excavated from these Gaya Tumuli and presents them in <Table>, and to find the historical background of these artifacts in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese records. Historical records and archaeological data are being actively confirmed from the Gaya to China Han colony county(漢郡縣), to Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla of Samguk(三國), and to the Wa(倭) Japanese islands. The Gaya countries originated from going to south of Gojoseon citizens since its establishment. Gaya was, from the beginning, a civilization with a gene familiar with international exchange. In the Gaya former period, exchanges with China through Hangun County centered on southern Gaya, and the Wa ancient Japanese recognized the Gaya as the first ‘foreign country’. The Later Han bronze mirror(後漢鏡) and wooden lacquerwares(漆器) excavated from Daeseongdong Tumuli and China WangMang coin(王莽錢) excavated from Hoehyeon-dong Shell mound in Kumkhan Kaya palace which correspond to the records of the Samkukji. Wa(Japan) style bronze spear & mirror, Fan wing shaped bronze ornaments, cristal bent shaped jade and stone arrowhead was excavated from Daeseongdong Tumuli that the historical background can be obtained from the writings of Samgukji and Nihonshogi. Wa style bronze pot and gilt-bronze crowns(No.29), Roman Glass(No.91) and Jin(晋) style gilt-bronze buckle (No.88) its historical background can be confirmed in Jinseo(晋書), 7 branched spear with gold inscriptions((七支刀銘文) and King Kwanggaeto’s Tomb epitaph(廣開土王陵碑文). Lacquer, triangular plate iron armor and the armor of horses from the Aragaya Malisan tumuli can be inquire from the writings of Samgukji and King Kwanggaeto’s Tomb epitaph. The Hajiki in the hyoundong ruins and the harness in the Ungokuk and kyongsan ruins were referred to articles related to the so-called ‘Sabi Council’ and ‘Imna Japan agency’ in the Nihonshogi. Relics from the Baekje system such as Silver head taping iron spear, The hilt of oriental phoenix decoration, and stirrups from the Daegaya Jisandong tumuli, and Silla relics such as the hilt of trilobate decoration and leaf shape lobe are found in Samguksagi and the Nihonshogi. Daegaya contrasted the facts of the military alliance and marriage alliance that Baekje and Silla formed and the related articles of Gaya Destruction period in the Nihonshogi. Gimhae Daeseongdong Tumuli, Haman Malisan Tumuli, and Goryeong Jisandong Tumuli are recognized as the Gaya Royal Tombs. The identification of relics and artifacts, such as lacquerware and earthenware, as well as forms and everyday containers, seemed to eloquent one aspect of human exchange in the literature.