Development of Korean Representative Headforms for the Total Inward Leakage Testing on Filtering Facepiece Respirators

이아람,Cui Xin,Jung Hayoung,Kim Hee Eun,Jeon Eun Jin,Na Hyungjin,Kim Eunmi,유희천 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2024 Safety and health at work Vol.15 No.1

Background The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population. Background The lack of headforms that accurately reflect the head characteristics of Koreans and the demographic composition of the Korean population can lead to inadequate FFR testing and reduced effectiveness of FFRs. Method Direct measurements of 5,110 individuals and 3D measurements of 2,044 individuals, aged between 9 and 69 years, were sampled from the data pool of Size Korea surveys based on the age and gender ratios of the Korean resident demographics. Seven head dimensions were selected based on the ISO 16976-2, availability of Size Korea measurements, and their relevance to the fit performance of FFRs. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the direct measurements to extract the main factors explaining the head characteristics and then the main factors were standardized and remapped to 3D measurements, creating five size categories representing Korean head shapes. Lastly, representative 3D headforms were constructed by averaging five head shapes for each size category. Results The study identified two main factors explaining Korean head characteristics by the PCA procedure specified in ISO 16976-2 and developed five representative headforms reflecting the anthropometric features of Korean heads: medium, small, large, short & wide, and long & narrow. Conclusion This study developed representative headforms tailored to the Korean population for conducting total inward leakage (TIL) tests on filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). The representative headforms can be used for TIL testing by employing robotic headforms to enhance the performance of FFRs for the Korean target population.

서로의 '빵과 물고기'를 나누며 안동교구 교리교안 연구모임 ‘오병이어’

이아람,오병이어,한경애 데레사,김영아 소화데레사,임정임 아네스,김정숙 헬레나,정재훈 사도 요한,정이주 데레사,윤외선 요요바 수녀,남상우 토마스 모어 신부 우리신학연구소 2014 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.1056

양극성 장애 환자에서 비정형 항정신병약물 치료 후에 나타나는 지연성 운동장애와 지연성 근긴장이상의 유병률 및 위험요인

이아람,김주현,백지현,김지선,최미지,윤세창,하규섭,홍경수,Lee, Ahram,Kim, Joo Hyun,Baek, Ji Hyun,Kim, Ji Sun,Choi, Mi Ji,Yoon, Se Chang,Ha, Kyooseob,Hong, Kyung Sue 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are frequently used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. However, there is still no consensus on their risk of tardive movement syndromes especially for first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)-naive patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of SGAs-related tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia in patients with bipolar disorder, in a naturalistic out-patient clinical setting. Methods The authors assessed 78 non-elderly patients with bipolar (n = 71) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 7) who received SGAs with a combined use of mood stabilizers for more than three months without previous exposure to FGAs. Multiple direct assessments were performed and hospital records longer than one recent year describing any observed tardive movement symptoms were also reviewed. Results The prevalence rates of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia were 7.7% and 6.4%, respectively. These patients were being treated with ziprasidone, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or paliperidone at the time of the onset of the movement symptoms. Tardive dyskinesia was mostly observed in the orolingual area, and tardive dystonia was most frequently detected in oromandibular area. A past history of acute dystonia was significantly associated with presence of both tardive movement syndromes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SGAs-related tardive movement syndromes occur in a substantial portion of bipolar disorder patients. Acute dystonia, a reported risk factor of tardive movement syndromes in the era of FGAs is confirmed as a risk factor of both tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia that were induced-by SGAs.

이명환자에 대한 기존 치료법과 병행한 경두개 직류전기 자극치료 효과

이아람,강보민,황인희,박성일,윤성희,이동명 한국청각언어재활학회 2016 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the efficacy of treatment of tinnitus when used Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with existing methods such as Tinnitus Retraining Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sound therapy and tympanic injection therapy (dexa-methasone administration). Methods: We collected data from sixty tinnitus patients excluding patients with any other diseases. We divided sixty patients into two group, the control group and the experimental group. Thirty patients of the control group were treated using only the existing methods, and thirty patients of the experimental group were treated using the existing methods and tDCS together. Results: The control group showed a significant decrease in only Korea adaptation of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (K-THI) socre (p < 0.05) from 43.4 to 27.2. However, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in both K-THI score from 46.4 to 21.1 and tinnitus loudness from 14 dB sensation level (SL) to 8.8 dB SL (p < 0.05). The efficacy of tDCS in patients with tinnitus could not be fully confirmed by the current study because of the limited number of patients, but this study demonstrated a significant improvement of tinnitus intensity and K-THI score. Conclusion: tDCS is considered to be a promising tool for tinnitus management.

어둠 속의 그남자 『한낮의 어둠』 아서 쾨슬러

이아람 우리신학연구소 2014 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.1056

폐경전 여성의 중금속 및 마량원소 노출과 여성 생식기질환

이아람,문효방,최경호,김성균,최규연,김해중,김수영,최수란,박정임 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2022 No.5

사회적 위험 관점을 통한 자살 현상 : 2002-2010년 자살률 증가 요인의 재구성

이아람 서강대학교 생명문화연구원 2012 생명연구 Vol.26 No.-

2010년 기준 인구 10만 명당 자살률은 31.2명으로 경제개발 협력기구 국가 가운데 1위를 기록하였다. 정부가 매년 출산율을 높이기 위해서 각종 정책을 마련하는 것과는 상충되는 현상으로 인구 10만 명당 자살로 인한 사망자는 2002년 17.9명, 2003년 22.6명, 2004년 23.7명, 2005년 24.7명, 2006년 21.8명, 2007년 24.8명, 2008년 26.0명, 2009년 31.0명, 2010년 31.2명으로 2002년 이후 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 바로 이점에 주목해 “2002년에서 2010년 사이 자살률이 증가하는 이유는 무엇일까?”에 대한 질문을 던질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 2002년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지의 성별에 따른 연령별 실업률과 전체 자살자 사이의 상호연관성 분석을 통해 ‘구사회적 위험' 과 ‘신사회적 위험'의 중첩과 혼재에 따른 실업의 발생이 남성 청년층, 남성 노년층, 여성 중장년층을 자살자로 만들어 내고 있음을 파악하였다. In 2010 year suicide rate in Korea reported 31.2 per 100,000 people per year, that s the highest suicide rate among the 30 OECD Countries. Recently South Korean government is trying to encourage birth rate, having entered a downward trend, however, increasing suicide rate become contradicting phenomenon of government’s birth rate encouraging policiy. Suicide rate has been increasing since 2002 years - 17.9 in 2002 years, 22.6 in 2003, 23.7 in 2004, 24.7 in 2005, 21.8 in 2006, 24.8in 2007, 26.0 in 2008, 31.0 in 2009, 31.2 in 2010. Under these circumstances, I questioned, by which factor affect increasing suicide rate mostly. As a result of correlation analysis between gender, age-specific, and unemployment rate, unemployment, caused by superposition and mixing of Old Social Risk and New Social Risk, become leading factor of suicide youth men’s (age 20 to 39) and elderly men’s group (more than 60) and middle age women’s group (age 40 go 59).

패션디자이너가 콜라보레이션 한 화장품 이미지 전략에 관한 소비자 태도

이아람,김주덕 한국니트디자인학회 2017 패션과 니트 Vol.15 No.2

Due to business depression and economic crisis, the entire industry’s growth rate has been decreasing except for the cosmetics industry, which has maintained steady growth. The technical skills of cosmetic products have shown upward leveling, and since product life cycle has gradually become short, a product’s image is now more important than its functional aspects. In order to cope with various consumers’ change, cosmetics companies are using a business strategy called “Collaboration” as a part of effective marketing. This study conducted a survey of 415 women in their 20s to 30s for researching the actual state of collaborative products, their expected effects and concerns. The study has significance for basic marketing data for cosmetics companies that plan for fashion collaborations in the future. The analysis of images of fashion designer’s collaborative cosmetics shows that consumers find cosmetic products’ collaboration with character designs impressive, that the image is attractive, and that colored cosmetics match fashion designer’s collaboration. Also, 47.7% of the surveyed women favored collaborative product with a designer’s own painting highlighted. This study shows that when cosmetic companies collaborate with fashion designers, they practice by putting the designer’s own paintings on colored cosmetic products.

마이클 잭슨을 통해 본 무대연출 콘텐츠 흐름의 변화 : 콘서트 <HIStory World Tour>와 영화 <This is it>을 중심으로

이아람,김지홍,신용민,이서연,이승표,이우창 글로벌문화콘텐츠학회 2016 글로벌문화콘텐츠학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

오늘날의 공연 및 콘서트들은 음악이나 퍼포먼스뿐만이 아니라 좀 더 다양하고 보다 앞선 첨단 기술을 활용한 시각적 무대연출에도 중요한 가치를 두고 있다. 이는 단순히 귀로 듣는 음악을 넘어서 눈으로 즐기는 음악으로 변화하고 발전하였다는 말과도 같다. 마이클 잭슨의 무대에는 흔히 ‘최초’라는 수식어와 이슈가 따라다니곤 한다. 해외 아티스트가 마이클 잭슨이 구현했던 무대를 재현하려면 대략 2년 이상, 국내 아티스트가 구현해 내려면 대략 5년 이상이라는 시간이 걸릴 것으로 추정하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 콘서트 다큐멘터리 영화 <This is it>을 통해 그가 보여주려 했던 다양한 무대연출을 그의 과거 콘서트 <HIStory World Tour>와 비교하며, 이를 통해 마이클 잭슨 사후 현재 대중음악의 무대연출 흐름에 어떤 영향을 미쳐왔는지를 분석하여, 오늘날 더욱 발전된 무대연출을 관객들에게 전달 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하는데 기여하고자 한다.

대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사의 고용불안정성이 교사효능감, 교사-학생관계, 교사헌신에 미치는 영향

이아람 세명대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2022 人文 社會科學硏究 Vol.30 No.3

· 연구 주제: 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사들의 고용불안정성, 교사효능감, 교사-학생관계, 교사헌신 간의 구조적 관계를 파악하고, 교사효능감과 교사-학생관계의 매개효과를 검증하였다. · 연구 배경: 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 효율성 제고를 위해 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사의 지속적인 고용유지 필요성에 대한 기초적인 연구가 필요하다. · 선행연구와의 차이점: 선행연구는 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 운영 성과를 평가하기 위해 실시된 연구로 이를 일반화하기에는 한계가 있으므로 본 연구에서 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사를 대상으로 고용불안정성이 교사효능감, 교사-학생관계, 교사헌신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구하였다. · 연구방법: 서울, 경기 교육청으로부터 대안교육 민간 위탁기관으로 지정 받은 민간 위탁기관에 소속 된 교사들을 조사대상자로 선정하였으며, 최종 260부를 실증분석에 활용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 및 AMOS 통계프로그램을 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. · 연구결과: 실증분석결과 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사들의 고용불안정성은 교사효능감과 교사-학생관계에 통계적으로 의미 있는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사들의 교사효능감은 교사-학생관계에 의미 있는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사들의 교사-학생관계는 교사헌신에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사들의 고용불안정성은 교사효능감을 매개하여 교사헌신에 간접영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 다섯째, 고용불안정성은 교사효능감과 교사-학생관계를 이중매개하여 교사헌신에 유의한 간접영향이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. · 공헌점 및 기대효과: 대안교육 민간 위탁기관 교사의 교사 헌신을 강화하기 위해서는 안정적인 고용과 열악한 처우를 개선하여 고용불안정성을 줄이고, 교사효능감, 교사-학생관계를 향상시키는 방안이 필요함을 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다. · Research topics: The purpose of this study is to identify the structural relations among employment instability, teacher efficacy, teacher-student relations, and teacher commitment of private entrusted teachers of alternative education. This study also aims for investigating the mediating effect of teacher efficacy and teacher-student relations. · Research background: Fundamental research on the necessity of maintaining continuous employment of teachers in private entrusted institutions of alternative education is a prerequisite to improving the effectiveness of private entrusted institutions of alternative education. · Differences from prior research: Although the previous research was conducted to evaluate the performance of private entrusted institutions of alternative education, there is a limit to generalizing it to the effect of employment instability of teachers. Therefore, this study investigated the structural relations among employment instability, teacher efficacy, teacher-student relations, and teacher commitment of private entrusted teachers of alternative education, and the mediating effect of teacher efficacy and teacher-student relations as well. · Research method: To achieve the purpose of this study, teachers who belong to private entrusted institutions of alternative education commissioned by the Seoul and Gyeonggi Office of Education were selected as survey subjects, and a total of 260 copies were used for empirical analysis. · Research results: The empirical analysis indicated that (i) the employment instability of teachers in private entrusted institutions of alternative education had a statistically significant negative effect on both teacher efficacy and teacher-student relations. Also, (ii)the teacher efficacy in private entrusted institutions of alternative education had a significant effect on teacher-student relations. It was subsequently found that (iii) the teacher-student relations in private entrusted institutions of alternative education had a statistically significant effect on teacher commitment. Based on these structural relations among employment instability, teacher efficacy, teacher-student relations, and teacher commitment, we could conclude that (iv) the employment instability of teachers in private entrusted institutions of alternative education affected indirectly teacher commitment through mediating teacher efficacy. In addition, (v) the employment instability had a significant indirect influence on teacher commitment by double mediating teacher efficacy and teacher-student relations. · Contribution points and expected effects: This study reveals that it is essential to plan to improve stable employment and inadequate treatment to reduce employment instability and improve teacher efficacy and teacher-student relations, thereby strengthening the teacher commitment to private entrusted institutions of alternative education.