레미콘 회수수의 이용현황 및 안정화 재활용 방안

이문화,송태협,이세현,Lee, Mun-Hwa,Song, Tae-Hyeop,Lee, Se-Hyeon 한국레미콘공업협회 2004 레미콘 Vol.79 No.-

조선어의 ‘일없다’, ‘괜찮다’와 한국어 ‘괜찮다’의 사용 양상 비교 분석 연구

이문화,김한근,한승규 한국국제문화교류학회 2022 문화교류와 다문화교육 Vol.11 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine how ‘Ilupda’ and ‘Gaenchanda’ are used in the North Korean, and to examine the semantic difference between ‘Ilupda’ and ‘Gaenchanda’ in South Korean. For this purpose, the meaning and use cases of North Korean language textbooks published by Kim Il-sung University and Kim Hyeong-jik Pedagogical University were used to examine the meaning and usage. In addition, semantic differences were analyzed by classifying ‘Ilupda’ and ‘Gaenchanda’ according to the classification criteria. As a result of the analysis, ‘Ilupda’ in the North Korean is related to ‘worrying/reassuring’, ‘considering/lightening’, ‘rejecting’, ‘seeking permission/granting’, ‘accepting apology’, and ‘express a positive opinion’. It was confirmed that the meanings were used in this order, and the meanings of ‘Gaenchanda’ were ‘express a positive opinion’, ‘rejecting’, ‘worrying/ reassuring’, ‘considering/lightening’, ‘accepting apology’, ‘seeking permission/granting’. In the comparison between South Korean and North Korean, South Korean was ‘express a positive opinion’, ‘considering/lightening’, ‘worrying/reassuring’, ‘seeking permission/ granting’, ‘rejecting’, ‘accepting apology’ in the order The meaning was used, but in the North Korean language, ‘worrying/reassuring’, ‘rejecting’, ‘considering/lightening’, ‘express a positive opinion’, ‘seek permission/allowance’, ‘accepting apology’ in the order of ‘accepting apology’ showed. 본 연구는 북한 조선어에서 ‘일없다’와 ‘괜찮다’가 어떠한 양상으로 사용되고 있는지살펴보고 한국어의 ‘일없다’, ‘괜찮다’와는 어떠한 의미적 차이가 있는지 살펴보는 것을목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 김일성종합대학교와 김형직사범대학교에서 출간한 조선어 교재를 활용하여 그 의미와 용례를 살펴보았다. 또한 분류 기준에 따라 ‘일없다’와‘괜찮다’를 분류하여 의미적 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 조선어의 ‘일없다’는 ‘걱정하기/안심시키기’, ‘배려하기/가볍게 여기기’, ‘거절하기’, ‘허락구하기/허락하기’, ‘사과 수용하기’, ‘긍정적 의견 말하기’의 순서로 의미가 사용되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며‘괜찮다’는 ‘긍정적 의견 말하기’, ‘거절하기’, ‘걱정하기/안심시키기’, ‘배려하기/가볍게여기기’, ‘사과 수용하기’, ‘허락구하기/허락하기’의 순서로 사용되고 있음을 확인할 수있었다. 한국어와 조선어의 비교에서 한국어는 ‘긍정적 의견 말하기’, ‘배려하기/가볍게여기기’, ‘걱정하기/안심시키기’, ‘허락구하기/허락하기’, ‘거절하기’, ‘사과 수용하기’ 순으로 의미가 쓰였으나 조선어에서는 ‘걱정하기/안심시키기’, ‘거절하기’, ‘배려하기/가볍게 여기기’, ‘긍정적 의견 말하기’, ‘허락구하기/허락하기’, ‘사과 수용하기’ 순으로 나타나 차이점을 보였다. 그뿐만 아니라 조선어의 ‘일없다’는 통사 구조와 의미상 비교적 자유로운 구성을 보이며 다양한 의미로 사용되어 ‘일없다’와 ‘괜찮다’의 의미가 중첩되고있는 반면 한국어의 ‘일없다’는 ‘괜찮다’로 대체되어 의미 분화가 이루어지고 있다고 할수 있다.

중국어권 한국어 학습자의 선어말어미 사용 오류 연구

이문화,한승규 국제한국어교육학회 2020 한국어 교육 Vol.31 No.2

This study examined the patterns, levels, and types of errors according to Chinese language user’s usage of prefinal endings in the learner error corpus constructed by the National Institute of the Korean Language. The analysis showed that the higher the proficiency level in the written corpus, the lower the error rate of the spoken word ending, and the opposite applies to the spoken corpus. The written and spoken corpus share a lot of common tense errors, especially in the past tense. The study further examined the patterns of the prefinal ending errors amongst the Chinese-speaking Korean learners. The types of errors in the prefinal endings according to the level of error and the aspect of error were analyzed. The errors in the prefinal endings were found to be mainly due to syntactic errors. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates the necessity of separating written language and spoken language in the Korean language education. It thus can serve as useful resources for teachers, learners, and researchers in Korean language education.

중국어권 한국어 학습자의 전성어미 사용 오류 연구

이문화,한승규 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.19

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the overall transformational ending errors of Korean Learners in Chinese Language and examine the patterns and types of errors. Methods For this purpose, 1,467 examples of grammatical ending errors by Korean Learners in Chinese Language were analyzed from the error annotation corpus constructed by the National Institute of the Korean Language. Among them, there were 1,040 errors in written language and 427 errors in spoken language. After analyzing learners' errors by dividing them into written and spoken words, the types, patterns, and levels of errors for each proficiency level from beginner to advanced were examined. Results Korean Learners in Chinese Language showed a similar tendency to use transformational endings in written and spoken words. In general, the error forms of mainly adjective endings were calculated relatively. In addition, the types of errors shown with high error rate in written language are ‘syntactic error’ and ‘form error’. A high rate of error in spoken language is ‘pronunciation error’. Also, errors in the form of ‘replacement’ were found with high frequency in written and spoken words. Lastly, ‘misformal aspect + form error’ and ‘replacement aspect + syntactic error’ appeared relatively frequently from intermediate to advanced in written or spoken language. Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it looked at the types of errors in the transformational endings that appeared in each stage of the Korean Learners in Chinese Language according to the level and pattern of the error targeting the error annotation learners corpus of the National Institute of the Korean Language. In particular, considering that there are more errors in the transformational endings produced by intermediate and advanced learners, it is necessary to continuously educate Korean Learners in Chinese Language from beginner to advanced in the educational field. 목적 중국어권 한국어 학습자의 전성어미 오류를 전반적으로 분석하고 오류의 양상과 유형을 살펴보도록 한다. 방법 이를 위하여 국립국어원에서 구축한 오류 주석 말뭉치에서 중국어권 학습자의 전성어미 오류 용례 1,467개를 분석하였다. 그 가운데 문어의 오류 용례는 1,040개, 구어의 오류 용례는 427개로 정리됐다. 문어와 구어로 구분하여 학습자의 오류를 분석한후 초급부터 고급까지 각 숙달도별 오류 형태, 양상, 층위까지 살펴보았다. 결과 중국어권 한국어 학습자들은 문어와 구어에서 전성 어미 사용 오류의 경향성이 비슷하게 나타났다. 전반적으로 보면 주로 관형사형 어미 ‘-는’, ‘-(으)ㄴ’, ‘-(으)ㄹ’의 오류 형태가 비교적으로 많이 산출하였다. 또 문어에서 고빈도 오류율로 나타난 오류 유형은‘통사 오류’와 ‘형태 오류’이다. 구어에서는 나타난 고빈도 오류율은 ‘발음 오류’이다. 그리고 문어와 구어에서 ‘대치’ 양상의 오류는고빈도로 나타났다. 마지막으로 문어나 구어에서 중급에서 고급까지 주로 ‘오형태 양상+형태 오류’, ‘대치 양상+통사 오류’는 비교적으로 많이 나타났다. 결론 본 연구는 국립국어원의 오류 주석 학습자 말뭉치를 대상으로 오류 층위, 양상에 따른 중국어권 학습자들이 각 단계에서 나타난전성어미의 오류 유형을 전반적으로 살펴보았다는 데에 의의가 있다. 특히 중급, 고급 학습자들이 산출한 전성어미의 오류가 더 많다는 것을 보면 교육 현장에서는 중국어권 학습자에게 초급부터 고급에 이르기까지 꾸준히 교육해야 할 것이다.

부사격 조사 ‘-(으)로’의 의미기능에 따른 중국어의 대응 양상 연구

이문화 국제한국어교육학회 2021 한국어 교육 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the Korean adverbial particle ‘(eu)ro’ by looking at actual linguistic data presented in a newspaper parallel corpus and a drama parallel corpus, and to identify the nature of the correspondence with the Chinese language through various semantic functions. It is meaningful to analyze and describe the complex Chinese correspondence to the Korean adverbial particle ‘(eu)ro’ by contrasting newspaper and drama parallel corpora. Therefore, this study will analyze and compare the relative usage of the respective meanings of the adverbial particle ‘(eu)ro’ using a parallel corpus of approximately 600,000 words that consists of a parallel newspaper corpus of 300,000 written words and a parallel drama corpus of 300,000 spoken words. The result was compared with the meanings of the adverbial particle ‘(eu)ro’ presented in Korean language textbooks and suggests what supplementary meanings should be added based on the corpus analysis. In addition, the different cases of correspondence within spoken and written language will be provided as a basis for practical translation and communicative education related to the adverbial particle ‘(eu)ro’.

중국어권 한국어 학습자의 연결어미 사용 오류 연구

이문화,한승규 한국언어문화교육학회 2023 언어와 문화 Vol.19 No.3

This study examined connective ending errors of Chinese Korean learners. Errors in both oral and written language were analyzed, focusing on error forms, levels, and patterns. The tendencies of connective ending errors differed between oral and written language, with a higher occurrence of 3rd-level errors in written language and 4th-level errors in oral language. Additionally, written language exhibited more complex error forms in comparison to oral language. Analyzing the errors based on levels and patterns, oral language displayed a greater variety of error types, with the “substitution pattern” being a common occurrence in both contexts. The highest frequency of connective ending errors was observed at the 3rd level in oral language and the 5th level in written language, while the lowest occurrence was at the 1st level in both contexts. The identified error types included “morphological and form errors” and “substitution and form errors” in both oral and written language. This comprehensive analysis of connective ending errors of Chinese Korean learners contributes as a valuable resource for research and Korean language education, aiding in the prevention of such errors by Chinese Korean learners. .

미혼모에 관한 도서들 : 천자서평(千字書評) ; 청소년 성매매의 상습화 예방

이문화 한국상담선교연구원 2007 상담과 선교 Vol.53 No.-

중국어권 한국어 학습자의 연결어미 ‘-고’와 ‘-아서/어서’의 상호 대치 오류 현상 연구

이문화,진홍월 한국언어연구학회 2025 언어학연구 Vol.30 No.1

This study examined the substitution errors occurring among Chinese-speaking Korean learners of Korean when using the conjunctive endings '-go(-고)' and '-aso/oso(-아서/어서)'. 2,855 instances of conjunctive ending errors selected from the National Institute of Korean Language learner corpora were analyzed. First, in written language, the substitution errors between '-go(-고)' and '-aso/oso(-아서/어서)' was found to be more complex compared to those in spoken language. Second, errors where '-aso/oso(-아서/어서)' was substituted with '-go(-고)' occurred more frequently than the reverse. Finally, errors were observed across all proficiency levels, from beginners to advanced learners, particularly in contexts related to reasons/causes and chronological order of actions.

중국어 구조 조사 `的'의 한국어 대응 양상 연구- 중한 병렬말뭉치 중심으로 -

이문화,한승규 한국언어문화교육학회 2023 언어와 문화 Vol.19 No.1

The majority of contrastive research on `de' (的) in Chinese and the equivlent elements in the Korean languages has been theoretical. Only a few studies have been empirically corpus-based. This study aims to analyze the types of Chinese words and phrases that precede `的' and investigate the correspondence between these preceding constructions and the Korean language. It is found that the morphological structure of `de' (的) in Chinese is simple, but its semantic functions are complicated and variable. As a result, Korean learners of Chinese language thus often encounter several difficulties in mastering its usage. The main reason for these difficulties is that the grammatical functions of `de' (的) changes depending on the words and phrases that precede it. By constructing and analyzing a Chinese-Korean parallel corpus of 500, 000 words, the present research probed the linguistic elements preceding `de' (的) in Chinese and their equivalent Korean counterparts. The study will benefit both Korean learners and teachers of Chinese language. .

중국인 한국어 학습자를 위한 한국어 접미사 사동과 중국어 사동의 대조연구

이문화 한국언어문화교육학회 2017 언어와 문화 Vol.13 No.4

This study examined, clarified and interpreted the reasons behind the various correspondence patterns of Korean causative suffixes and Chinese causative forms by analyzing a parallel corpus of drama. First, the case-frames of the Korean causative suffixes were analyzed and categorized according to whether their roots were automatic, transitive or adjective. Subsequently, it was discovered that the corresponding Chinese causative form could be determined by the root of the Korean causative suffix. This means there is a close relationship between the root of the Korean causative suffix and the meaning of the Chinese causative forms, ‘讓, 叫, 给,把'. Finally, corresponding Chinese causative forms differ according to the case-frames of the Korean causative suffixes. According to the results of this study, it was found that there are certain patterns between the root type and case-frames of Korean causative suffixes and their corresponding Chinese causative forms. The result of this study will help Chinese Learners of Korean to identify whether a particular Korean suffix is causative or passive. This results of this study will also be useful for translating and communicating complicated Koran suffixes to Chinese learners.