핏치계 Hollow 탄소섬유로부터 섬유상 활성탄소

유승곤,고경렬,채주승,정종헌,이보성 한국화학공학회 1993 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.31 No.1

석유 핏치로부터 hollow 탄소섬유를 만들고 이를 스팀으로 활성화하여 비표면적이 800-2100 ㎡/g인 새로운 타입의 흡착제, 중공활성탄소섬유(HACF)를 제조하였다. 이들의 등온흡착곡선은 모두 Type I을 보였다. 약 70%의 burn-off에서도 외부표면적은 전체표면적의 약 1.5% 미만이었고, 이것은 내부 세공부피가 대단히 큼을 보여주고 있다. HACF는 ACF와 마찬가지로 요오드 흡착이나 메틸렌블루 탈색 등 액상흡착에서 뛰어난 흡착능력을 보여 주었다. 특히 hollow ACF는 분자체와 마찬가지로 혼합물의 분리 등에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 전망된다. Hollow carbon fiber was prepared from petroleum pitch and activated by steam for the production of new type adsorbent. The hollow activated carbon fibers (HACF) showed 800-2100 ㎡/g of specific surface area. All the adsorption isotherms of HACFs were Type I. The external surface area of 70% burn-off HACF was only about 1.5% of total surface area, which means that the micropore volume is very large. HACFs have excellent iodine adsorption and methylene blue decolorization capacities like an ordinary activated carbon fibers in solution. Especially, it is expected that HACF can be used for the separation of various mixtures as molecular sieves.

향류식 열교환기에 의하여 멸균된 된장의 미생물군 및 색도

유승곤,김인호,김종생,최성현,오만진,김용국,이인기 한국생물공학회 1998 KSBB Journal Vol.13 No.6

To develop a large scale countercurrent single pass heat exchanger for continuous transportation and sterilization of soybean paste, microflora and color value of sterilized soybean paste were examined at various sterile condition. Aerobes, anaerobes, molds, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria were 5.1 x 107 CFU/g, 7.1 x 107 CFU/g, 2.6 x 105 CFU/g, 4.3 x 106 CFU/g, 1.3 x 107 CFU/g, respectively in raw soybean paste. In gold band ampoule test, aerobes and anaerobes of soybean paste were viable up to 90$^{\circ}C$, but become unviable at 100$^{\circ}C$. Molds decreased rapidly and yeasts decreased slowly from 70$^{\circ}C$. Lactic acid bacteria were unviable at 60$^{\circ}C$ within 10 min. In color test, Hunter L, a, and b values of soybean paste were 50.2, +5.6, and +17.8, respectively. After heating in polyethylene film bag at 80$^{\circ}C$, Hunter values were not so much changed and become 50.2, +4.7, and +19.7, respectively. The micorflora and color of soybean paste sterilized in a large scale heat exchanger system resulted in very similar to those of gold band ampoule and polyethylene film bag by effective heat transfer.

植物體의 水溶性 成分의 抽出 메카니즘

유승곤,송봉준,이보성 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.1

Water soluble components of Persicaria hydropiper have an insecticidal effect. The extraction mechanism of water solubles from Persicaria hydropiper was studied and it turned out to be a diffusion model. The diffusivity was logarithmically increased with respect to extraction temperature (20…70℃) showing the values in 0.7…2.65×10^-7 cm²/min. Some variables which have an effect on extracted quantity of water solubles were also observed. As a result, optimum operatin conditions and empirical equation were presented for the industrial scale extraction.

금속함유 활성탄소섬유에 의한 수중 페놀흡착

유승곤,엄상용 한국화학공학회 2001 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.39 No.1

Ag, Cu와 Co를 각각 1 wt% 함유시킨 석유 핏치계 활성탄소섬유를 제조하고, 이들의 수중 페놀에 대한 흡착능력을 평가하였다. Ag, Cu함유 활성탄소섬유는 20Å 미만의 미세공이 발달하는데 비하여 Co함유 활성탄소섬유는 미세공과 함께 30-40Å, 200-300Å의 두 중기공 영역이 발달하였다. 요오드 흡착력은 Ag함유 활성탄소섬유가 우수하였으며, 메틸렌블루와 같은 고분자의 흡착은 Co함유 활성탄소섬유가 효과적이었다. 금속함유 활성탄소섬유의 페놀흡착속도는 활성탄에 비하여 18-180배 빠르며, 제거율도 우수하였다. 파과점에서 페놀의 흡착량은 금속을 함유하지 않은 활성탄소섬유가 86.4㎎/g인데 비하여 Cu함유 활성탄소섬유는 152.4 ㎎/g으로 약 1.8배의 흡착능력을 보였다. 1 wt% Ag, Cu and Co-containing Activated Carbon Fibers(ACFs) were prepared and the adsorption abilities of each ACFs for phenol from aqueous solution were investigated. 1'he average pore diameter of Ag and Co-containing were 20Å, while Co-containing ACF have shown two mesopore regions of 30-40Å and 200-300Å with micropores. Iodine adsorption capacity of Ag-containing ACF is much better then that of other ACFs. The Co-containing ACF with mesopores is more efficient than other adsorbents for the adsorption of polymer such as methyleneblue. The adsorption rate of metal-containing ACFs for phenol is 18-180 times faster than that of Activated Carbon(AC). The adsorption amount of phenol on Cu-ACF at breakpoint was 1.8 times larger than that of non metal-containing ACF.

梔子로부터 梔子油 抽出에 關한 硏究

劉承坤 충남대학교 공업기술개발연구소 1976 工業技術開發硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.1

Gardenia contains about 20wt% of Gardenia oil. Ethyl-Ether was selected as solvent for extraction of Gardenia oil from Gardenia particles that was passed 18 mesh Tailer style screen. The amounts of Gardenia oil extracted from unit Gardenia sample was propotional to the log θ^2.5 fo extaction time (θ; 10∼240min.), the log T^15 of extraction temperature (T; 10∼30℃), and the log V^5.2 of volume of solvent (V; 10∼200ml/5g sample). The optimum extraction conditions were 120 min., 20℃ and 10ml of solvent per gr Gardenia particles. Finally, the empirical equation was derived as fallow, Y(θ.T.V)??log θ^2.5T^15V^5.2―20.5 The devition the experimental value and the one calculated from the equation in effective range is ±0.5%. The results of analysis of Gardenia oil were those that the sapoification value was 220∼240, the acid value was 65∼72, the iodine value was 46∼52 and the specific gravity was 0.925∼0.945 (25℃/25℃).

화상분석에 의한 활성탄소섬유의 미세공 크기분포

유승곤,박방삼,이기봉,채주승 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.33 No.3

화상분석기를 사용하여 활성탄소섬유의 미세공 구조와 크기분포를 연구하였다. 특히, burn-off 특성은 같으나 활성화 조건이 다른 4가지 활성탄소섬유의 단면을 TEM으로 촬영하고 그 사진으로 세공도와 흡착특성을 비교하였다. 그 결과, BET 비표면적이 크고 액상흡착능력이 우수한 ACF일수록 미세한 세공분포 특성을 갖는 점을 확인하였으며, 화상분석법을 적용하여 간접적이나마 세공의 구조, 크기분포, 세공부피분포 및 세공단면의 면적분율 등을 포함하는 활성탄소섬유의 세공특성을 정량분석할 수 있음을 제시하였다. Micropore structure and size distribution of activated carbon fibers(ACFs) were studied by image analyzer. Especially, TEM photos of cross sectional view of ACFs with the same amount of burn-off(40%) but different burn-off conditions were prepared for the comparison of microporosity and adsorption characteristics. It is confirmed that the ACF with larger specific surface area in consequence of larger amount of smaller size micropores, shows higher adsorption capacity. Image analysis can be applied for the indirect, yet quantitative analysis of microporosity of ACFs including pore structure. pore size distribution, pore volume distribution and area fraction of cross-section.

숯의 수분 흡착성능 연구

유승곤,김대완,안기선,곽이구,김홍건,이영석 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.60 No.3

우리나라 전통 숯가마로부터 제조된 숯의 표면형상과 흡착특성을 분석한 후, 습도와 온도를 조절하면서 이들의 수분 흡착성능을 측정하고 황토, 활성탄소섬유 직포 및 활성탄소섬유 종이의 수분 흡착성능과 비교하였다. 숯은 소수성이므로 45% 이하의 습도에서는 수분을 잘 흡착하지 않지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 서서히 1차식에 비례하여 증가하였다. 황토 분말도 낮은 습도에서는 숯과 유사했지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 기하급수적으로 증가하면서 Type V 등온흡착곡선을 보였다. 따라서 조선시대에 기상청 직원들이 숯과 황토의 수분 흡착능력을 일기예보에 적용하였다는 기록을 실험적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 활성탄소섬유 직포와 활성탄소섬유 종이는 수분 흡착능력이 월등하고 신속한 반응을 보이므로 습도측정 센서에 적용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 숯 조각의 등온흡착 및 탈착곡선 측정에서 흡착질인질소의 탈착이 잘 이루어지지 않아 낮은 압력 이력현상(low-pressure hysteresis)이라는 독특한 Type I과 Type IV의 혼합형태를 보이는데, 이는 질소입자가 흡착시에 숯 세공의 틈새를 비비고 들어가 단단히 끼었다가 탈착시에 빠져나오지 않기 때문이다. 숯을 분말로 분쇄하면 이러한 틈새들이 분쇄되어 비표면적이 증가하고 낮은 상대압력에서 흡착질의 탈착량이 증가되었다.

生物體로부터 天然化合物 抽出에 관한 硏究 : 第 III 報 밤송이 껍질로부터 赤褐色 色素 抽出에 關한 硏究 Part 3. Extraction of Reddish-Brown Pigment from Chestnut-bur

劉承坤 연세대학교 대학원 1974 원우론집 Vol.2 No.1

Abstract The extraction efficiency of reddish-brown pigment from the chestnut-bur was greatly depended upon the extraction time, temperature and the amounts of solvent used. From the experimental results, the amounts of extracted pigment was logarithmically propertional to the extraction time and the amounts of solvent used for the extraction and also linearly proportional to the temperature of extraction, as the following equation which was empirically determined. Ptotal = 0.32logθ+0.485logS+0.022T-0.34 In addition to these, it wart very efficient that the sample was dried at 110℃ for 20minutes, prior to the pigment extraction. Finally, the most optimum conditions of pigment extraction were determined as 60 minutes of operation time, 60℃ of temperature and 400ml of solvent, 20% elhyl-alcohol per 1 g of the sample in the extractions.

활성탄소섬유에 의한 폐액 중 Chromium(6)의 흡착

유승곤,오원진,정종헌,문제권,정현희 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.4

활성탄소섬유에 의한 폐액 중 크롬 6가의 흡착특성을 조사하였다. 미세공이 발달된 제조 활성탄소섬유의 표면에는 산성 관능기가 존재하여 크롬 6가의 흡착에 영향을 주었다. 활성탄소섬유에 의한 크롬 6가의 흡착은 1시간이내에 평형에 도달하였고, 0.75×10^(-3)-10^(-2)㏖/ℓ의 크롬이온 농도범위에서 크롬이온의 98%가 제거되었다. 흡착이 진행되는 동안 크롬 용액의 pH가 초기 3.0에서 8.5까지 증가하였으며, 이 pH의 변화는 용액 중에 잔존하는 크롬 6가의 형태를 변화시켜 활성탄소섬유에 의한 흡착특성에 영향을 주었다. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated carbon fibers(ACFs) in liquid waste has been studied. The prepared ACFs with highly microporous structure were found to have acidic functional group on the surfaces, which affected greately the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions. The adsorption rates of Cr(VI) on the ACFs were very fast and the reactions reached equilibrium within 1 hr. The ACFs could remove 98 % of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution of 0.75×10^(-3)-10^(-2) molar concentration. During the adsorption of Cr(VI), the solution pH was also changed from 3.0 at the beginning up to 8.5 at equilibrium. This pH change caused the Cr(VI) ions to change into Cr(III) ions, which affected the adsorption characteristics of ACFs.

활성탄소섬유 카트리지 휠터에 의한 수중 잔류염소의 흡 탈착 거동

유승곤,이재광,송승필 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.38 No.2

활성탄소섬유 카트리지 휠터를 제조하고 이 휠터의 수중 잔류염소 흡착 및 탈착 거동을 조사하였다. 2 ppm 잔류염소의 흡착파과곡선에서 0.2 ppm의 잔류염소농도를 파과점으로 할 때, 파과점까지 활성탄소섬유 카트리지 휠터(Activated Carbon Fiber 함량: 100 g)는 31.5 ton, 활성탄소섬유/활성탄 카트리지 휠터(Activated Carbon Fiber 함량: 50 g, Activated Carbon 함량: 50g)는 8.4 ton을 정수하였다. 카트리지 휠터에 의한 압력손실은 유량이 10ℓ/min일 경우, 활성탄소섬유 휠터의 경우는 120 ton 처리까지 0.2 ㎏_f/㎠ 미만이나, 활성탄소섬유와 활성탄을 1 : 1로 혼합하여 만든 경우는 120 ton처리까지 2.3㎏_f/㎠ 이었다. 카트리지 휠터의 탈착은 90℃의 뜨거운 물로 역세척하여 수행하였다 충분히 역세척이 이루어진 카트리지 휠터의 파과점까지의 제2차 수중 잔류염소 흡착실험으로 탈착률(재생률)을 검사하였다. 그 결과 활성탄소섬유로만 사용한 카트리지 휠터의 탈착률은 70.5%이었으나, 활성탄소섬유와 활성탄을 1 : 1로 혼합하여 만든 카트리지 휠터의 탈착률은 36.9%이었다. 활성탄소섬유 카트리지 휠터의 탈착률은 역세척수의 온도가 상승할수록 상승했으며, 활성탄이 더해짐에 따라 잔류염소 탈착률이 감소했다. Cylindrical Activated Carbon Fiber cartridge filters were prepared to investigate their adsorption/desorption behavior of residual chlorine from 2 ppm aqueous solution. From breakthrough profiles, the amount of purified water was 31.5 ton with Activated Carbon Fiber cartridge filter(Activated Carbon Fiber: 100g) while only 8.4 ton with Activated Carbon Fiber/Activated Carbon cartridge filter(Activated Carbon Fiber; 50 g, Activated Carbon: 50 g) at the breakpoint when the breakpoint was fixed to 0.2 ppm(C/C_0=0.1) residual chlorine. The pressure drop through Activated Carbon Fiber and Activated Carbon Fiber/Activated Carbon cartridge filter were 0.2 ㎏_f/㎠ and 2.3 ㎏_f/㎠, respectively, when 120 ton aqueous solution was passing the cartridges at 10ℓ/min flow rate. The desorption of chlorine from fully used cartridges was performed by reverse washing with hot water at 90 ℃. The desorption efficiency of cartridge was determined by comparison the 2nd adsorption capacity of residual chlorine with the 1st adsorption capacity at breakpoint. The desorption efficiency of Activated Carbon Fiber cartridge was 70.5% while that of Activated Carbon Fiber/Activated Carbon cartridge was 36.9%. The desorption efficiency of cartridge increased with the temperature of washing water and decreased with the amount of Activated Carbon charged in cartridge.