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Meloidogyne incognita에 대한 Streptomyces flavogriseus KRA15-528의 살선충활성
오미라,한재우,최정섭,최용호,장경수,최경자,김헌 한국식물병리학회 2016 식물병연구 Vol.22 No.4
Plant disease caused by root-knot nematode is a major problem in crop production. Using of chemical pesticides, one of the most efficient methods to control nematodes, have raised issues in toxicity to humans and animals and environmental pollution. In this study, to select actinomycete strains that have potential to serve as a microbial agent for control of nematodes, we investigated nematicidal activity of culture broth from 670 Streptomyces isolates. A culture filtrate of KRA15-528 isolate that was identified as S. flavogriseus on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, showed strong nematicidal activity against second stage of juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and inhibited egg hatching; exposure to 10% of culture filtrate resulted in 71% juvenile mortality at 48 hours afters treatment and suppressed egg hatching by 54% at 9 days after treatment. When the KRA15-528 culture filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and butanol, ethyl acetate layer exclusively showed strong activity; 91%, 53%, 30% of mortality at 1,000, 500, 250 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the culture filtrate suppressed gall formation on cucumber plant by M. incognita with no phytotoxicity. These results suggest that S. flavogriseus KRA15-528 has potential to serve as a microbial nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode disease.
A Perception-based Syntagmatic Account of Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean
오미라 한국언어학회 2018 언어 Vol.43 No.1
Oh, Mira. 2018. A Perception-based Syntagmatic Account of Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean, Korean Journal of Linguistics, 43-1, 101-127. This study aims to provide a perceptual account for consonant cluster simplification (CCS) in Korean verb stems. I investigate what motivates the differences between the invariable and variable types of CCS, and I argue that the disparity between the two types in Korean results from the amount of contrast in terms of the distinctive feature specifications between consonants within a cluster. I make five claims by investigating both types of CCS in Korean verb stems. First, CCS in Korean is motivated by the requirement that every segment be perceptually salient. Second, the two types of CCS are determined based on the perceptibility difference among the competing consonants within the cluster. Third, the perceptual account of CCS better explains“the effect of the following consonant”than syllable-based analysis. Fourth, the constraint ranking that utilizes perceptually motivated markedness and faithfulness constraints within the Optimality Theory framework can comprehensively account for the two types of CCS. Fifth, the proposed constraint ranking also explains how to produce truncata that are frequently used in fast speech or casual speech for the purpose of economy. In this study, I show that in contrast to previous studies of CCS in Korean in syllabic terms without reference to context where the consonant cluster appears, syntagmatic context needs to be taken into consideration to comprehensively understand CCS in Korean. This study has a general theoretical implication that phonetic perceptibility can directly influence patterns in a phonological process. (Chonnam National University)
시뮬레이션을 통한 베이즈요인에 의한 모형선택의 비교연구 : 포아송, 음이항모형의 선택과 정규, 이중지수, 코쉬모형의 선택
오미라,윤소영,심정욱,손영숙 한국통계학회 2003 응용통계연구 Vol.16 No.2
본 논문에서는 포아송분포 대 음이항분포, 그리고 정규분포, 이중지 수분포 대 코쉬분포에 대한 모형선택을 위하여 베이지안 방법을 사용한다. 각 모수에 대한 사전분포로는 무정보 부적절 사전분포의 가정 하에, 베이지안 모형선택을 위하여 O'Hagan (1995)의 부분적 베 이즈요인을 이용하였다. 실제자료와 모의 실험 자료의 분석을 통하여 부분적 베이즈요인의 유용성을 Berger와 Pericchi (1996, 1998)의 내재적 베이즈요인들과 함께 비교 검토해 본다. In this paper, we use Bayesian method for model selection of poisson vs. negative binomial distribution, and normal, double exponential vs. cauchy distribution. The fractional Bayes factor of O'Hagan (1995) was applied to Bayesian model selection under the assumption of noninformative improper priors for all parameters in the models. Through the analyses of real data and simulation data, we examine the usefulness of the fractional Bayes factor in comparison with intrinsic Bayes factors of Berger and Pericchi (1996, 1998).
Phonetic and Spelling Information in Loan Adaptation
오미라 한국언어학회 2005 언어 Vol.30 No.2
Language adaptation is a perceptual process to find the closest match between a source word and a phonotactically permissible output. Silverman's (1992) Multiple Scansions Model does not specify any independent criteria as to how the incoming L2 words are perceived and how much information is perceived. This paper investigates these two questions in light of the adaptation of English loanwords into Korean. As for the mode of perception, we, first, argue for the Phonetic Approach as opposed to the Phonological Approach. It will be shown that non-contrastive phonetic details such as release and duration affect the phonetic output of loanwords. We will also show that perception is made in confirmity with native phonology. As for information for perception, we illustrate how spoken and written information interacts in generating phonological representations for L2 lexical entries.
The influence of orthography in the adaptation of English schwa
오미라,Robert Daland 한국음운론학회 2018 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.24 No.2
This study aims to test the Perceptual Uncertainty Hypothesis proposed by Daland et al. (2015). According to this hypothesis, variability in loanword adaptation reflects perceptual uncertainty; thus, one would expect to see speakers systematically refer to orthography only when phonetic similarity fails to identify a unique segment. We present an online experiment in which Korean and Japanese listeners heard two-syllable English nonce words like mépple. They were asked to identify the closest vowel in their own language for the English schwa in the second syllable, which is unstressed. The results of the study provide strong support for the Perceptual Uncertainty Hypothesis since they show orthographic effects in the adaptation of unstressed vowels of English words loaned into Korean and Japanese. They demonstrate that the way that a word is spelled had some influence on which vowel the participants chose. The results also showed a very different pattern between Korean and Japanese listeners. We can explain these results in terms of how the phonetic categories of English align with those of Korean versus Japanese.