채소류와 과칠류 중의 질산염 및 아질산염의 함량

신정혜,강민정,양승미,김형식,성낙주,Shin, Jung-Hye,Kang, Min-Jung,Yang, Seung-Mi,Kim, Hyung-Sik,Sung, Nak-Ju 한국식품위생안전성학회 2002 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.17 No.2

A total of 53 vegetables and fruits, consisting of 23 leaf vegetables, 4 fruits vegetables, 4 edible roots,7 spice vegetables and 15 fruits were analyzed for contents of nitrate and nitrite by ion chromatography. Nitrite was detected 10 of 23 kinds of leaf vegetables, which was dominant in lettuce by average 349.9 mg/kg. Nitrate contents of leaf vegetables were average 578.3 mg/kg, 415.7 mg/kg, 348.6 mg/kg in wild plant, mustard leaf and chinese vegetable, respectively. Nitrite was not detected in fruits vegetables and rootcrops but the nitrate contents were abundant and the highest in squash(average, 86.2 mg/kg) and radish(average, 297.5 mg/kg), respectively. In spice vegetables, mate contents were from 0 to 29.8 mg/kg, but not detected in garlic. In welsh onion, its nitrite were higher in small type than large type, while nitrate contents were higher 3 times in the latter. Nitrate contents of fruits were lower in apple(average, 0.5 mg/kg) and higher in plum(average, 76.6 mg/kg) than other samples.

홍조류의 영양 성분과 항산화 활성

신정혜,최덕주,임현철,서종권,이수정,최선영,성낙주,Shin Jung-Hye,Choi Duk-Ju,Lim Hyun-Cheol,Seo Jong-Kwon,Lee Soo-Jung,Choi Sun-Young,Sung Nak-Ju 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Nutritional components of 4 kinds of red seaweeds, Meristotheca papulosa, Chondrus ocellatus, Gracilaria verrucosa, Gigartina tenella, were investigated to elucidate their functionality. Antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging activity were analyzed from 70% ethanol extracted from these red seaweeds. Large difference in ash contents was found to exhibit among all samples analyzed in this study; $9.8{\pm}0.2g/100g$ for Gracilaria verrucosa and Gigartina tenella for $17.8{\pm}0.6g/100g$. While its crude fiber content was almost the same as those in other sample within a range between $2.0{\pm}0.4g/100g$ and $6.0{\pm}0.7g/100g$. Phenolic compounds content of Gracilaria verrucosa was also the highest as $78.4{\pm}1.0mg/g$, while the total flavonoids contents of Chondrus ocellatus and Gracilaria verrucosa were $14.9{\pm}0.5mg/g$ and $13.9{\pm}0.8mg/g$, respectively. These amounts were two folds higher than Meristotheca papulosa and Gigartina tenella. The total content of minerals was the highest in Meristotheca papulosa(12,107.7 mg/kg). The amount of glutamic acid was relatively high despite of small variation in measured levels of composition amino acid ($49.1{\sim}125.6mg/g$) for most samples investigated. SOD-like ability was significantly increased with increasing sample concentration, but its activity was lower. Gigartina tenella with highest electron donation ability exhibited increases in activity as $53.96{\pm}0.98%$ in concentration of 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ and $70.52{\pm}1.09%$ in 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In case of concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, particularly, the level of hydroxy radical scavenging activity were $57.87{\pm}1.70{\sim}62.07{\pm}0.87%$ which was significantly higher activity than ascorbic acid and BHT. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in Gracilaria verrucosa. Its activity was also increased from $24.04{\pm}1.9{\sim}27.52{\pm}0.82%$ in $100{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration tp $34.81{\pm}1.36%$ in concentration of 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$.

위암 환자의 골수에서 발견된 Cytokeratin 양성세포의 임상적 의의

신정혜,구기범,박성훈,정호영,배한익,유완식,Shin, Jung-Hye,Ku, Ki-Beom,Park, Seong-Hoon,Chung, Ho-Young,Bae, Han-Ik,Yu, Wan-Sik 대한위암학회 2006 대한위암학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: Controversy still exists over in the prognostic significance of microscopic tumor cell dissemination in patients with cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic implication of isolated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Four hundred nineteen (419) patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between June 1998 and July 2000 were enrolled in the study. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the iliac crest before removal of the primary tumor. Mononuclear cells were isolated and stained with AE-1/AE-3 PAN-CYTOKERATIN. Results: Cytokeratin-positive cells were found in the bone marrow of 219 patients (52.3%). The incidence varied significantly with the depth of invasion (P=0.021) and the stage (P=0.026). The five-year survival rate of patients with cytokeratin-positive cells was 74.1% and that of patients without cytokeratin-positive cells was 81.1%(P=0.2481). There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate and the site of recurrence according to whether or not cytokeratin-positive cells were present in the bone marrow. Conclusion: The presence of cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer did not predict outcome and recurrence. Therefore, it cannot be used as a prognostic factor.

식용유지에 대한 와송 열수추출물의 항산화효과

신정혜 ( Jung Hye Shin ),이수정 ( Soo Jung Lee ),차지영 ( Ji Young Cha ),서종권 ( Jong Kwon Seo ),전은우 ( Eun Woo Cheon ),성낙주 ( Nak Ju Sung ) 한국식품조리과학회 2008 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of hot water extracts of wa-song (Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) dried using hot air (HWE) and frozen (FWE). Varying levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0g/100g) of HWE and FWE were added to soybean oil and lard. Chromaticity, anisidine value, acid value, peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in oils were measured periodically during their storage for 28days at 60℃. The chromaticity of edible oils showed a general increas with prolonged storage as well increasing levels of extracts. The anisidine value was not significantly increased during storage for 14 days, but was significantly increased after storage for 21 days in soybean oil and lard. The anisidine value of HWE on soybean oil was 12.60±0.92~13.82±0.68 after storage for 28 days its value was lower than that of the control and buthylated hydroxy anisol (BHT). The antioxidant activity of HWE was found to be more effective than that of FWE. The acid value of HWE was significantly increased during storage from 14 to 21 days in soybean oil and from 7 to 14days in lard. The antioxidant activity of FWE was particulary effective at the primary stage of the reaction system of lard storage. POV was highly increased during the storage periods between 7 and 14 days in soybean oil. The antioxidant activity in all the samples tested did not significantly increase after storage for 14 days, except when 0.1g/100g of FWE added to lard. TBA values of all the samples were lower than that of control and 0.02% BHT during their storage. The antioxidant activities of wa-song within the reaction system of oils were more effective in soybean oil than in lard.

흑마늘 추출물의 첨가량을 달리한 설기떡의 제조와 품질특성

신정혜 ( Jung Hye Shin ),김윤아 ( Yun Ah Kim ),강민정 ( Min Jung Kang ),양승미 ( Seong Mi Yang ),성낙주 ( Nak Ju Sung ) 한국식품조리과학회 2010 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

숙성 온도에 따른 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화 활성의 변화

신정혜(Jung-Hye Shin),최덕주(Duck-Joo Choi),정미자(Mi-Ja Chung),강민정(Min-Jung Kang),성낙주(Nak-Ju Sung) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.9

열처리 온도를 달리한 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화활성을 비교하고자 통마늘을 지퍼백에 400±20 g씩 넣어 60, 70, 80 및 90℃로 조절한 incubate에 숙성하면서 1, 3, 6일에 시료를 취하여 이화학적 분석을 실시하였으며 각 열수 및 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능과 환원력을 통하여 항산화활성을 분석하였다. 열처리 온도를 달리하여 숙성한 마늘의 L, a 및 b값 모두 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성기간이 경과할수록 유의적으로 낮아졌는데, 60℃에서 6일간 숙성한 시료의 b값은 22.16±0.76이었으나 90℃ 숙성 시료는 1.35±0.21로 급격히 낮아졌다. 전단가의 경우 숙성 초기에는 90℃ 숙성 시료가 85.70±1.44 ㎝/㎏²로 가장 낮았으나 숙성기간이 경과할수록 경도가 증가하여 숙성 6일에는 411.30±13.90 ㎝/㎏²으로 증가하였다. 마늘의 pH는 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 산성화되었는데 6일숙성 후 60℃와 90℃ 시료의 pH는 각각 6.12와 3.90으로 큰차이를 보였다. 총페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 증가하여 숙성 6일 시료의 경우 60℃ 숙성 시료에 비하여 90℃ 숙성 시료에서 총페놀은 약 3.5배, 플라보노이드는 약 9.1배 더 높은 함량이었다. Total pyruvate의 경우 숙성 온도에 따라 증감의 경향이 서로 상이하여 60℃와 70℃ 숙성 시료에서는 숙성기간 1일과 6일을 비교할 때 더 감소하였으나 80℃와 90℃ 숙성 시료의 경우 숙성 6일에 오히려 그 값이 유의적으로 증가되었다. DPPH에 대한 항산화활성은 마늘의 숙성 온도가 높을수록, 숙성 기간이 경과할수록, 농도가 진할수록 증가하여 90℃, 6일 숙성 시료의 항산화활성은 87.48±0.20%로 타 시료의 43.61~55.76%보다 월등히 높았고 환원력도 이와 동일한 경향이었다. 이처럼 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것은 마늘의 숙성온도가 높을수록 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 갈변화 물질의 생성이 많아지고, 이에 따라 총페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 증가하는 것으로 볼 때 마늘 중의 항산화성 갈변 물질의 증가에 기인하는 결과로 판단된다. Garlics were aged at 60, 70, 80, and 90℃ for 1, 3 and 6 days. Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical components and antioxidant activities, such as DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power of hot water and ethanol extracts. The Hunter L, a and b values were significantly lower in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. In initiation of aging, the share force was the lowest in sample aged at 90℃ (85.70±1.44 ㎏/㎠) and it increased for 6 days to 411.30±13.90 ㎏/㎠ in aging. The pH of garlic was acidified at increasing aged temperature and periods. In sample aged for 6 days at 60℃ and 90℃, pH was 6.12 and 3.90, respectively. Contents of total phenolics and flavonoids also increased in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. Their contents increased about 3.5 and 9.1 times higher in sample aged for 6 days at 90℃ than sample aged for 6 days at 60℃, respectively. Total pyruvate contents were fluctuated by aging temperature and periods. DPPH scavenging activity was increased in sample aged at higher temperature and longer time. The highest activity of DPPH scavenging showed 87.48±0.20% in sample aged for 6 days at 90℃. Similar results were observed in reducing power activity. It was estimated that such increases in anti-oxidant activities in aged garlics may come from actions of phenolics, flavonoids and browning compounds in them.

남해산 유자 과피 열수추출물의 생리활성

신정혜 ( Jung Hye Shin ),양승미 ( Seung Mi Yang ),강민정 ( Min Jung Kang ),이수정 ( Soo Jung Lee ),김성현 ( Sung Hyun Kim ),성낙주 ( Nak Ju Sung ) 한국식품조리과학회 2010 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

유자의 화학적 특성 및 아질산염 소거작용

신정혜(Jung-Hye Shin),이준열(Jun-Yeal Lee),주종찬(Jong-Chan Ju),이수정(Soo-Jung Lee),조희숙(Hee-Sook Cho),성낙주(Nak-Ju Sung) 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

대표적인 유자 산지인 남해(Ⅰ, Ⅱ), 통영 및 고흥에서 유자를 구입하여 과육 및 과피로 각각 분리한 후 이화학적 성분 및 아질산염 소거능을 측정하였다. 4종의 유기산이 검출되었으며, citric acid의 함량은 10.2±0.14~17.7±0.17 g/100g이었으며, 고흥산 유자의 과육 및 과피에서 각각 17.3±0.16g/100 g, 17.7±0.17 g/100 g으로 가장 높게 정량되었다. 무기물은 산지에 따른 차이가 작았으며, 칼륨의 함량이 1,332.4±2.31~2,308.5±3.25 ㎎/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 유리아미노산은 proline, asparagine, glutamic acid가 비교적 높게 함유되어 있었으며 통영산 유자 과피에서 총 326.9 ㎎/100 g으로 가장 높게 정량되었다. 유자 착즙액의 전자공여능은 시료액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 상승하였으며 0.1~0.2% 농도의 산지별 시료액 첨가시 80.0% 이상의 효과가 나타났다. SOD 유사활성은 0.01~0.2%의 시료농도에서 10.2±0.50~20.1±0.77%였다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 0.1~0.2% 시료액 첨가구에서 모두 73% 이상의 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었으나, pH 4.2에서는 모든 시료액 첨가구에서 27% 이하로 낮았다. The chemical properties and nitrite scavenging ability were analyzed which on a citron (Citrus junos) of 4 kinds purchased in different regions [Namhae (Ⅰ, Ⅱ), Tongyoung and Koheung] in Korea. Four kinds of organic acids were determined. Citric acid contents in flesh and peel of citron were 10.2±0.14~17.7±0.17 g/100 g. The organic acid content was the highest in citron purchased from Koheung. Total mineral content in citron was in a range of 2,844.3~4,022.4 ㎎/100 g, the potassium content was the highest in the range of 1,332.4±2.31~2,308.5±3.25 ㎎/100 g. The major free amino acid from citron were proline, asparagine and glutamic acid. And the highest in peel of citron purchased from Tongyoung by 326.9 ㎎/100 g. However, the kinds and contents of chemical components in citron were somewhat different among various regions. The electron donating ability using DPPH method of citron juice was more than 80.0% at the concentration of 0.1~0.2% and it was stronger by increased the juice concentration in the reaction mixture. SOD-like activity showed 10.2±0.50~20.1±0.77% at the concentration of 0.01~0.2%. The nitrite scavenging ability was pH and sample concentration dependent. It was the highest at the pH 1.2 and more than 73% in 0.1~0.2% citron juice. On the contrary in all concentration of added citron juice lower than 27% at pH 4.2.

흑마늘 용매 분획물의 항산화 활성

신정혜(Jung-Hye Shin),이현지(Hyun-Gi Lee),강민정(Min-Jung Kang),이수정(Soo-Jung Lee),성낙주(Nak-Ju Sung) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.7

흑마늘의 기능성을 분석하기 위하여 용매별 계통 분획물을 만들어 100, 250, 500 및 1,000 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 화합물의 함량은 chloroform, ethyl acetate 및 hexane 분획물에서 유의적으로 높아 butanol, methanol 및 물 분획물에 비하여 5.5~11.6배 더 많았다. 흑마늘 계통 분획물의 항산화 활성은 시료의 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성도 증가하였으며, chloroform과 ethyl acetate 분획물의 활성이 유의적으로 높았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 1,000 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서는 butanol과 물 분획물을 제외한 모든 시료 모두에서 50% 이상의 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 경우 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 분획물에서 비교적 활성이 높아, 1,000 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서는 70% 이상의 소거능을 보였다. 1,000 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서 hydroxyl radical 소거능은 50.27~81.02%의 범위로 높은 반면 SOD 유사활성은 26.73~47.64%로 비교적 그 활성이 낮았다. Linoleic acid 반응계에서 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 저장기간이 길수록, 시료의 첨가 농도가 높을수록 항산화 활성이 더 높았으며, 또 극성 용매보다는 비극성용매 분획물의 활성이 유의적으로 높았다. 아질산염 소거능의 경우 butanol 분획물을 제외한 모든 시료에서 비교적 그 활성이 높아 100 ㎍/㎖ 농도에서도 50% 이상의 소거능을 보였다. To confirm antioxidant activity of black garlic, methanol extract of black garlic was fractioned by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were assayed in 100, 250, 500 and 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentrations. The contents of total phenol and flavonoids were significantly higher 5.5~11.6 times in chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane fraction than other fractions. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were increased by higher sample concentrations and their activities were significantly higher in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions than others. DPPH radical scavenging activity was over 50% in 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, except butanol and water fraction. In the same concentration, reducing power was also significantly lower in butanol and water fraction. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions and was over 70% at 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration. In 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, the range of hydroxy radical scavenging activity was 50.27~81.02% and SOD-like ability was 26.73~47.64%. Antioxidant activity in linoleic acid reaction system was significantly higher when storage time was longer and sample concentration was higher in non-polar solvent fractions. Nitrite scavenging activity was relatively higher than antioxidant activity and the activity in 100 ㎍/㎖ concentration was over than 50%, except butanol fraction.

식물류 혼합물과 마늘의 복합 조성이 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐의 혈청 지질에 미치는 영향

Jung-Hye Shin(신정혜),Soo-Jung Lee(이수정),Woo-Jae Jung(정우재),Jong-Kwon Seo(서종권),Nak-Ju Sung(성낙주) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

식물류 혼합물 1%와 0.3, 0.5% 및 0.7%의 마늘 추출물을 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 흰쥐에 4주간 실험 급이한 후 혈액 내 지질성분에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 마늘 추출물의 첨가농도를 0.3~0.7%로 달리하였을 때 총 식이 섭취량은 정상군에 비해 실험군에서 유의적으로 높았으나 실험군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 총 콜레스테롤은 식물류 혼합물 및 마늘 추출물을 급이함으로써 대조군에 비해 약 20%, 중성지방은 9.3~15.0% 정도 감소되었으며, 인지질도 유사한 경향이었다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 대조군과 실험군간의 유의차가 없었으며, LDL-콜레스테롤은 정상군에 비해 대조군에서 9.4배 더 높았는데, 마늘 추출물을 0.5% 및 0.7% 첨가 급이할 경우 각각 68.45±12.83㎎/㎗ 및 66.35±5.18 ㎎/㎗로 유의적으로 감소하였다. VLDL-콜레스테롤은 마늘 추출물을 0.5% 이상 첨가 급이 할 경우 정상군과 동일한 수준까지 저하되었다. 동맥경화 지수 및 심혈관질환 위험지수도 식물류 혼합물과 마늘추출물의 급이군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈당은 마늘 추출물 0.5% 첨가군에서 189.37±12.02 ㎎/㎗로 가장 낮았고, 총 단백질 함량은 식물류 혼합물과 마늘 추출물 급이시 9.56±0.87~10.05±2.69 ㎎/㎗로 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다. GOT 활성은 마늘추출물의 0.3% 첨가군에서 81.86±11.73 u/㎖로 대조군에 비해 유의적인 감소를 보였고, GPT 활성은 식물류 혼합물 및 마늘 추출물 급이군과 대조군간에 유의차가 없었다. TBARS 함량은 마늘 추출물을 0.7%로 급이한 군에서 정상군보다 낮은 함량이었다. 혈청의 항산화 활성도 마늘 추출물의 0.7% 급이군에서 83.75±2.32%로 대조군에 비해 항산화 활성이 유의적으로 높았다. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 4 kinds of plant water extract mixture and garlic extract (PMG) administration on serum lipid metabolism in hypercholestrolemic rats. The normal group was administered a cholesterol free diet, the control group a 1% cholesterol diet, and each experimental group was given a diet of 1% cholesterol, 1% plant mixture and 0.3, 0.5, 0.7% garlic extract (PMG-Ⅰ, PMG-Ⅱ, PMG-Ⅲ), respectively. Each diet was administered orally to SD-male rats for 4 weeks. Total cholesterol content decreased by about 20% with administration of PMG. Triglyceride content also decreased from 9.3 to 15.0% compared to the control group, and phospholipid was similar to triglyceride. There was no significant difference in HDL-cholesterol content between the control and experimental groups. LDL-cholesterol content of the normal group was 9.4 times lower than the control group and its content was significantly lower in the PMG-Ⅱ (68.45±12.83 ㎎/㎗) and PMG-Ⅲ (66.35±5.18 ㎎/㎗) groups than the PMG-Ⅰ group. VLDL-cholesterol content of the PMG-Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were similar to the normal group. Atherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) were significantly lower in the PMG group. Blood glucose content was the lowest in the PMG-Ⅱ (189.37±12.02 ㎎/㎗) group among all groups tested. Total protein content was 9.56±0.87~10.05±2.69 mg/dl in the PMG-Ⅰ~Ⅲ groups and was significantly higher than the normal group. GPT activity did not show a significant difference among the experimental groups, while GOT activity was effective only in the PMG-Ⅰ group. Serum TBARS content in the PMG-Ⅲ group was lower than in the normal group. Serum antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging was 83.75±2.32% in the PMG-Ⅲ group, which was significantly higher than the control group.