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      • 이기영의 농민소설 『땅』에 나타난 북한 토지개혁의 성과

        박태상 고려대학교 북한학연구소 2000 北韓學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

        In the midst of political chaos after liberation from Japanese oppression North Korea organized the Provisional People's Committee of North Korea and proclaimed the Land Reform Law on March 5, 1946. Lee Kim Young's novel, "Land," is a long novel that contains Kwakbawi's combative social activity that led the establishment of socialism in North Korea between March 5, 1946 when the Land Reform Law was put into effect and February 17, 1947 when the People's Representative Council was held. Kwakbawi had been a farm servant and married Jeon Soon Ok according to the guide and assistance of Kang Kyun, chairman of the communist cell. Kwakbawi cultivated new farmland and consolidated a peasants organization by forming Doo Ree (Cooperative Work Team) and also devoted himself to the development of the farming technology. First of all, the author vividly described the social reality of the time on the basis of Gorki's theory centering around the conflict between the old and the new. In "Land" the old meant the customs and the remaining vestiges of feudalism under Japanese imperialism. For instance, plundering and exploitation of workers labor, the evil customs of matchmaking and early marriage, and the contradiction of the predominance of man over woman resulting from Confucianism are all included as part of the vestiges of feudalism. On the other hand, the novel repeatedly emphasized that the new meant improvement of people's economic and cultural life by means of the land reform in pursuance of the Great Leader Kim Il Sung's mass lire. It also meant improving people's life through proclamation of equal rights law between man and women as well as of the nationalization of industry. Lee's novel is praised as work keeping a model alive. Kwakbawai in Land is a typical man. He had been a farm servant and had been charged with hitting the farm products instructor who had been in discord with him, As a result of the discord, he had been sent to prison for six years while his mother andf a younger sister who had worked in fa factory, died of disease. After liberation from Japanese oppression, he was given a patch of land an accomplished four important tasks with full support of Kang Kyun, chairman of the subcountry of the party. Lee Ki Young, the author of Land, not only created Kwakbawi as positive type of man, but, also emphasized Kang Kyun asand important character. Above all, the Kang Kyun played a remarkable role in "The Land Cultivation in "Land." In the literary history of North Korea, this role of Kang Kyun is highly recommended as a model worker for the party. In his novel Lee created a new young generation with supporting characters such as Park Dong Su, Park Dong Wun, their partner Hwang Sun Yi and Yu Keum Suk, etc. Another important factor emphasized in the literary theory of North Korea is the "hostile discord" and "the anti hostile discord." The hostile discord is one where a positive hero finds himself in conflict with a character with a different philosophy, aims and actions. The reason why these discords showed up in a novel is because the novel contains the aspect of social antagonistic inconsistency and conflict. In the novel the other interruptive power group is set against a positive group represented fly Kwakbawi. These power groups are the land owners and pro-Japanese people of the pre-liberation period.

      • KCI우수등재
      • Sarcoma 180이 Mouse 組織 비반세포에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

        朴泰相,崔宗相,金世民 고려대학교 의과대학 1983 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.20 No.1

        Many tumors contain mast cells and these mast cells have been said to contribute to the host defences against tumor, to stimulate tumor growth, or even to have no relation in this respect. To clarify the role of tumor on mast cell, 0.15ml of cell suspension of Sarcoma 180 were intraperitoneally injected to 70 adult mice, weighing 20-25gm, and 10 mice were sacrificed on each day of the first, second, third, sixth, 13th, 17th, and 20th day after injection in experimental group. In control group, 0.15ml of saline were injected to 10 adult mice and they were sacrificed one day after injection. And pieces of mesentery, small intestine, thymus, abdominal skin and back were obtained and fixed in 10% formalin solution. To identify the tissue mast cell, Radden's modified toluidine blue stain was performed and total numbers of tissue mast cells in 30 high power fields were counted. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In mesentery, the average numbers of tissue mast cells in control group was 52.6±21.4, and the numbers of mast cells were decreased to 27.6±9.1 on the first day after injection of Sarcoma 180. The decreased numbers of mast cells were continued up to the 17th day after injection and then returned to the level of control group on the 20th day after injection. 2. The average numbers of tissue mast cells in the small intestine was 29.6±17.0 in control group and the changes of mast cells after injection of Sarcoma 180 were variable and statistically insignificant. (p〉0.05) 3. In the thymus, the numbers of the tissue mast cells were 18.2±6.8 in control group and there was no change on the first and the second day after injection. From the third day the numbers of tissue mast cell were increased to 23.6±6.5 and kept this level up to 20th day after injection. 4. In abdominal skin, the numbers of tissue mast cells were 324±39.0 in control group, and decrease in number of mast cells was noted from the first day (265.8±51.6) to the 20th day(215±24.0) after injection of Sarcoma 180. In back skin, the numbers of tissue mast cells were 306±50.5 in control group, and decrease in number of mast cells was noted from the second day(22.9±53.6) to 13th day(24002±33.9) after injection of Sarcoma 180. And then returned to normal value on the 17th and the 20th day after injection. This study shows that local tissue mast cell around tumor decrease in number during growth of Sarcoma 180 in peritoneal cavity and tissue mast cell in the thymus, which is considered to be control organ of tissue mast cell, increase during growth. And above results suggest that changes in the number of mast cell depend on the progress of the tumor and the type of tissue examined in mouse peritoneal cavity.

      • KCI등재

        해방 후 박태원 역사소설 연구 - 「춘보」 에서 『군상』까지를 대상으로 -

        박태상 한국현대문예비평학회 2012 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.39

        구보 박태원은 상당히 매력적인 작가이다. 매력적인 이유는 모더니스트로서 근대문명에 경도되는 현상을 보이면서 도시공간에 관심을 기울이다가 역사적인 공간의 확장성으로 눈을 돌렸다는 점 때문이다. 다른 하나는 초기와 달리 일제 강점기 말기부터 ‘고전적인 가치’를 추구했으며, 그러한 전통 중시의 역사관이 민중사관으로 나아가 리얼리즘적인 방향으로 선회를 했다는 점 때문이다. 즉 자신의 문학의 일관성을 크게 훼손하지 않으면서도 새로운 창작공간의 확보에 성공했다는 점이 큰 매력인 것이다. 이러한 억압과 압제의 순간에도 창작의 자유를 모색하는 치열한 작가정신은 요즈음 이론으로 볼 때 탈식민주의 담론이나 해체주의 담론으로의 해석이 가능하게 유도한다. 해방 직후에 발표한 「춘보」, 『홍길동전』, 『고부민란』, 『군상』을 텍스트로 하여 스피박 등의 이론에 따른 새로운 분석을 시도했다. 우선 「춘보」를 통해 박태원은 모더니스트에서 본격적으로 리얼리스트로 변모하게 된다. 우선 이 작품은 구보 특유의 장거리문장이 사라지고, 대화체의 문체를 사용하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 또 대조법을 구사하며 ‘소문’이라는 에피소드를 장치하고 ‘꿈’ 처리를 함으로써 긴장을 고조시키는 구비문학적 전통기법을 구사하고 있다. 한마디로 「춘보」에서는 구보문학의 전형적 틀인 ‘공간’처리를 역사적 공간으로 이동시킴으로써 탈식민주의적 해체담론을 모색하고 있는 것이 특징이다. 구보의 『홍길동전』은 ‘하위주체에게 말 걸기’라는 점에서 커다란 의미를 지닌다. 그것은 보조인물로서 역사에서는 등장하지 않는 음전이와 조생원이란 허구적인 인물의 창조를 통해서 시도된다. 『고부민란』에서 작가 구보의 역사관은 전봉준이 진두에 나서지 않았더라도 이러한 고부민란은 한번은 있고야 말았을 것이라는 태도를 보인다. 따라서 『고부민란』의 예술적 가치는 양반 토호들의 학정에 참을 수 있을 만큼 참았던 민중계층이 불같이 일어날 수밖에 없었던 분노의 항거의 필연성에 대해 상세하게 서술하고 있다는 점에 있다. 한편 살아 숨쉬는 생명럭을 지니는 장임손과 신돌석이라는 민중계층의 전형적 인물을 창조해낸 것이 『군상』의 문학사적 가치라고 할 수 있다. 『군상』에서는 무대를 서울로 옮긴 주인공들의 활약을 통해 지배층의 수탈과 횡포에 희생되는 민중계층의 고통과 참혹한 삶이 그려진다. 특히 작가 구보가 근대로의 전환을 앞서 이끌었던 중인 계층을 소설 공간에 끌어들이면서, 모순된 시대상황에 희생될 수밖에 없는 존재에 귀를 기울이고 존중하려는 노력을 보인 것은 스피박이 언급했던 ‘윤리적 개별성’을 부여했다는 점에서 큰 의미를 둘 수 있다. 작가의 창조적 상상력이 빛을 발하는 지점이다. Gubo Park Tae-won is quite a charming writer. His charm comes from the fact that he was interested in the urban space showing his tendency to the modern civilization as a modernist and then turned his spotlight to the scalability of historical space. Another one comes from the fact that contrary to his earlier years he has dealt with the subject of the 'classical value' since late Japanese-colonial era and then turned to the realistic tend through the popular view of history. It's a great attraction that he has succeeded in getting the new creative space not so much losing the consistency of literature. Viewed in the nowaday theory we can infer the discourse of decolonization or de-construction from the spirit of the writer who sought hard for the freedom of creation even at the moment of those oppression and tyranny. He tried new analyzing method in the texts of「Chunbo」,「Story of Hong Gil-dong」,「Riot of Gobu」, and「The Populace」 according to the theory of Spivak. First, through「Chunbo」Park Tae-won fully turns to the realist putting off modernist. Moreover, the characteristic on this work is that long-length sentences, which are unique to Gubo, disappears and then conversational style appears. This work also uses syncrisis and introduces original technic of oral literature which raises tension by setting up the episode, so-called, 'rumor' and by weaving the 'dream'. In「Chunbo」, in a word, it's the characteristic that it seeks a discourse of deconstruction in decolonization by moving the 'space' treatment which is the typical frame of Gubo's literature to the historical space. Gubo's「Story of Hong Gil-dong」has great meaning in its 'telling subalterns'. It is realized through creating fictional characters such like Eumjeoni and Saegwon Joe as supporting actors. In「Riot of Gobu」, the writer Gubo's historical view shows strongly that people's riot of Gobu was expected to take place one day without Jeon Bong-jun's lead. So the artistic value of「Riot of Gobu」is that the inevitability of the resistance of fury into which people rose up after the intolerable years of the tyranny of the noble landed proprietors was described in detail. Meanwhile, the value of history of literature of「The Populace」is that it has created the typical characters of the populace such like Jang Im-son and Shin Dol-seok who live alive in vivid description. In sequence, through the activities of heroes who moved their grounds to Seoul, there were described the agony and miserable lives of the populace who were sacrificed under the exploitation and oppression by the ruling class. Especially, his efforts that bringing the middle-class, who lead the days prior to the transition to modern times, to the space of novel, the writer Gubo tried to listen to and pay attention to the lives who were doomed to fall a sacrifice to the contradictory situations of the time, are significant in that he granted 'ethical haecceity' that Spivak mentioned to them. It's the point that the author's creative imagination glitters.

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