중·고등학생 어머니의 모성이데올로기와 양육스트레스의 관계

박봉헌(Bong-Heon Park),백용매(Yong-Mae Baek) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2024 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.24 No.2

목적 본 연구에서는 모성이데올로기와 양육스트레스의 관계에서 자녀 수반 자기가치감과 긍정적 모-자녀관계의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 방법 중·고등학생 자녀를 둔 어머니 279명을 대상으로 모성이데올로기, 양육스트레스, 자녀수반 자기가치감, 긍정적 모-자녀 관계 간에 어떤 구조적 관계가 있는지를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 검증하였다. 자기가치감 수반성 이론에 기초하여 연구모형을 설계하였고, 내재모형(nested model)로서 경쟁모형을 설정하였다. 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 연구모형, 경쟁모형의 적합도를 비교한 결과, 경쟁모형을 최종모형으로 채택하였다. 이를 토대로 결과를 살펴보면, 모성이데올로기와 긍정적 모-자녀관계에서 자녀 수반 자기가치감의 완전매개효과가 유의했고, 자녀 수반 자기가치감과 양육스트레스에서 긍정적 모-자녀관계가 완전매개효과를 보였다. 즉, 모성이데올로기가 자녀 수반 자기가치감과 긍정적 모-자녀관계를 이중으로 매개하여 양육스트레스를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 모성이데올로기를 깊이 내면화 할수록 어머니는 자녀에게 자신의 가치감을 더 수반시키게 되며 이는 어머니로 하여금 자녀와의 관계를 덜 긍정적으로 인식하게 하여 결국 양육스트레스가 초래된다는 것을 의미한다. 모성이데올로기가 어머니의 양육스트레스에 영향을 미치는 구체적인 심리적 기제에 대한 통찰을 제공하고, 상담 장면에서 어머니들의 양육스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는 상담전략을 모색할 수 있는 경험적 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다는 것에 의의가 있다. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mothering ideology on parenting stress and to access the mediating effects of mother’s child-based self-worth and positive mother-child relationship. Methods To this end, 279 middle-aged women who live in large cities, including **, **, ** were chosen as subjects for this study. The noted structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results We compared the model fits of the research model and the competition model, and found that the com-petition model was the best model for the present data. The results of the study showed that there are relation-ships between noted mother’s child-based self-worth fully mediated as noted in the relationship between moth-ering ideology and positive mother-child relationship, and positive mother-child relationship fully mediated as seen in the relationship between mother’s child-based self-worth and parenting stress. These findings indicated that the incident of mothering ideology influenced parenting stress through mother’s child-based self-worth and positive mother-child relationship with dual mediation effects. Conclusions The deeper the mother's ideology is internalized, the more a mother’s child-based self-worth to child, which means that the mother becomes less positive about her relationship with the child, resulting in pa-renting stress. That’s why the results of this study provides insight into specific psychological mechanisms that mothering ideology effects parenting stress of the middle-aged women. Also, it has significant meaning the can be used as empirical basis data to seek counseling strategies to decrease parenting stress of middle-aged woman.

일본인 관광객의 호텔이용행태에 따른 시장세분화 및 선택속성에 관한 연구

박호래(Ho Rae Park),권봉헌(Bong Hun Kwon) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2001 호텔경영학연구 Vol.10 No.1

This study purports to examine the facts that Japanese tourist regard as important for selecting hotel in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out how selective attributes could be applied to marketing strategies and to identify the difference with existing studies of selective attributes. Important findings from this survey show that the Japanese tourists are tend to be subdivided to business trip market, shopping trip market, student market and leasure market, and they regard reputation of hotels, its facilities and amenities, transportation and shopping facilities, services from its employees and guest services as important. Another important finding is that Japanese tourists put great importance on transportation and shopping facilities, which means Korea has attractiveness as a tourist destination for shopping. It is suggested for future study that firstly, refining selective attributes need to be objective and studies should be conducted by specialized panel to make it objective.

각시붕어의 알발생과 부화자어

朴奉燮,朴奉憲 조선대학교 농업연구소 1986 農業硏究 Vol.1986 No.1

1986년 5월 15일 전라남도 무안군 몽탄면 양장리 파군교에 위치한 하천에서 채포한 각시붕어를 실험실 내에 설치된 수조에서 사육하던 중, 이들을 인공 수정시켜 알 발생 과정과 부화자어를 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성숙란은 가느다랗게 늘어난 서양배 모양으로, 난경은 2.45∼2.75×1.45∼1.65㎜이며, 난황은 담황색이며, 불투명하고, 유구가 없는 분리 심성란이다. 사육 수온 17.0∼25.5℃ 범위에서 수정 후 39시간만에 처음으로 부화되어 나왔다. 부화 직후의 자어는 전장이 2.65∼2.70㎜(평균 2.68㎜)로서 난황의 앞부분은 등쪽과 배쪽으로 향하는 한쌍씩의 돌기를 형성하며, 근절수는 13∼14개이다. 부화 후13일째의 전장 6.5㎜인 자어는 황색소포가 두부 및 등쪽에 나타나며, 흑색소포도 처음으로 난황앞ㆍ등쪽ㆍ두부뒷쪽ㆍ미부의 제 7∼10 근절 사이에 나타난다. 부화 후 30일째의 전장 8.5㎜인 자어는 펄조개에서 나온 직후의 자어와 같이 난황이 완전히 흡수되어 있고, 등지느러미 앞부분에는 흑색소포가 증가한다. 부화 후 약 2개월째의 전장 14.4㎜인 치어는 D. Ⅲ11∼12, A. Ⅲ11∼12, P. 10V.7로 정수에 달하며, 몸 쪽에 비늘이 형성되고, 등지느러미 위에 본 종 치어기의 특징인 원형의 흑색 반점이 뚜렷해진다. A Study on Egg Development and Larvae of Pseudoperilampus uyekii MORI. Pseudoperilampus uyekii MORI is commonly distributed in the fresh waters of Korea. On May 15 in 1986, mature adults of rose bitterling were caught in the watercourse of Yang-Chang, Mong-Tan, Moo-An, Jeong-Nam, South Korea. The authors fertilized the eggs employing dry method in the laboratory on May 15 in 1986. Hatched larvae were reared in small aquariums at 17~25.5℃ (average around 21.2 ℃). Mollusks, Anodonia woodiana in the gill chamber of which, rose bitterling lay eggs were caught in order to study natural spawning of the rose bitterling in the same watercourse. The eggs of this species are not adhesive and demersal. The size of the eggs varies from 2.45 to 2.75mm in long diameter and 1.45 to 1.65mm in short diameter. The eggs are cylindrical in from when they are extruded from ovipositor, immediately after entering water, but they acquire their distinctive from of a greatly elongated pear. Hatching took place in ca. 39 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were 2.65~2.70mm in total length possessing yolk sac and 13~14 myotomes. Thirteen days after hatching, the prelarvae attained 6.5mm in total length, and the first mdanuphores appeared all the head, and the anterior part and sides of the yolk sac. One month after hatching, the postlarvae attained 8.5mm in total length and emerged from the gills of the mollusks. Then the yolk sac was completely resorbed. Two months after hatching, the rose bitterling attained 14.4mm in total length, and entered the fingerling period of life. All the rays already present were the D. III, 11-12, A. III, 11-12, P. 10, V.7, and a distinguishing feature is the presence of a black pigment spot in the lobe of the dorsal fin.

금붕어(Carassius auratus LINNE)의 알발생과 자치어에 관한 연구

이경상,박봉헌,나창수 조선대학교 농업연구소 1987 農業硏究 Vol.1987 No.1

본 실험은 1986년 10월 15일부터 1987년 4월 9일까지 금붕어를 가지고 사육하였고, 이들을 인공 수정시켜 알 발생 과정과 부화 자어를 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사육된 성어의 수컷은 평균 총길이 18.06㎝, 체장 6.61㎝, 두장 3.12㎝, 두폭 3.07㎝, 체고 1.87㎝, 체폭 4.84㎝, 눈길이 0.86㎝, 미병고 8.39㎝로 나타났고, 성어의 암컷은 평균총길이 18.18㎝, 체장 7.23㎝, 두장 3.48㎝, 두폭 3.13㎝, 체고 2.56㎝, 체폭 5.23㎝, 눈길이 0.80㎝, 미병고 7.61㎝로 나타났다. 또한 평균 수컷의 등지느러미가 5.28㎝, 뒷지느러미 1.54㎝, 가슴지느러미 3.00㎝, 배지느러미 4.13㎝, 꼬리지느러미 6.43㎝로 나타났으며, 평균 암컷의 등지느러미는 5.22㎝, 뒷지느러미 1.52㎝, 가슴지느러미 2.74㎝, 배지느러미 3.42㎝, 꼬리지느러미 5.69㎝로 나타났다. 인공 수정 후 수정란은 거의 30초만에 이루어졌고 수정란은 점액성을 띄었고 배구형으로 관찰되었으며, 수정란의 크기는 장축 1.0∼1.55㎜, 단축 0.9∼1.0㎜였다. 수정 후 5분만에 난막이 난황으로부터 떨어지기 시작했고 20분 후에 난황과 난막이 완전히 분리되었다. 수정 후 1시간 후에 2세포기에 달했으며, 32세포기는 수정 후 3시간만에 분할이 되었다. 상실기는 수정 후 3시간 30분까지 이루어졌고, 포배기는 수정 후 7시간만에 이루어졌으며 7체절로 구분할 수 있었다. 낭배기는 수정 후 9시간 30분만에 형성되었다. This paper deals with the egg development and larva of carassius auratus LINNE in artifical fertilization. The experimental period carried out from October 15, 1986 to April 9, 1987 in the laboratory and Gwang-ju aquarium. The results were as follows; The mean body characteristics of adult form in male were showed that total length was 18.06cm, body length 6.61cm, head length 3.12cm, head width 2.07cm, body depth 1.87cm, body width 4.84cm, length of eye 0.86cm, depth of caudal peduncle 8.39cm. The mean body characteristics of adult form in female were showed that total length was 18.18cm, body length 7.23cm, head length 3.48cm, head width 3.13cm, body depth 2.56cm, body width 5.23cm, length of eye 0.80cm, depth of caudal peduncle 7.60cm. Also, The mean fin ray of male was showed that anal fin raywas 1.54cm, dorsal fin ray 3.00cm, ventral fin ray was 4.13cm, caudal fin ray 6.43cm. The mean fin ray of female was showed that dorsal fin ray was 5.22cm, anal fin ray was 1.52cm, pectoral fin ray was 2.74cm, ventral fin ray 3.42cm, caudal fin ray 5.69cm. The period from fertilization by the artifical method to fertilizcd egg was approximately 30 secs, at water tcmperature 19~20℃. The egg of this species was adhesive and dome. The size of the fertilized eggs varied from 1.0 to 1.5mm in long diameter and from 0.9 to 1.0mm short diameter. The fertilized eggs were shown membrane from the york separating in 5 mins, after fertilization. Fertilized egg was shown beginning of formation of blastodisc in 30 mins, after fertilization. The fertilized egg development stage was shown that two cell stage (1 hrs), four cell stage (1 hrs 30 mins), eight cell stage (2 hrs), sixteen cell stage (2 hrs 30 mins), thirty two cell stage (3 hrs), morula stage (3 hrs 30 mins), blastula stage (7 hrs), gastrula stage (9 hrs 30 mins)

長城人工湖의 環境要因 및 植物性 Plankton 調査

朴奉燮,朴奉憲,梁聖鎬 조선대학교 농업연구소 1987 農業硏究 Vol.1987 No.1

장성호에 대한 환경적 요인이 Plankton의 생산과 박테리아의 분포에 어떠한 작용을 하고 있는가 즉 무생물이 생물에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 1986년 4월부터 12월까지 연4회(봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울)에 걸쳐 실시한 장성호의 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 환경 요인으로서 장성호의 수온은 2차 조사(여름)에서 표층수가 28.5℃이었고, 수심 21.8m에서 수온 10℃로서 그 차이는 18.5℃이었고, 수심 6∼15m에서 thermoolin을 형성하고 있었다. 이어 2차 조사에서의 용존 산소는 수심 10∼15m에서 Oxycline을 이루고 있으며 이때 수심 15m에서 DO는 6.1㎎/ℓ이었다. 그리고 연평균 BOD는 0.79㎎/ℓ이었으며, 탁도는 연평균 5.6NTUs, pH는 7.2, 투명도는 연평균 1.75m, 전기전도도는 연평균 65.32V/㎝이었다. 또한 암모니아성 질소의 연평균치는 0.262m이었고, 인산은 0.103ppm으로 나타났다. 장성댐 저수지의 수질은 DO, pH, BOD, 투명도 등으로 볼 때 환경 기준 상수원수 1급에 해당하는 양호한 수질이다. Plankton 및 박테리아의 생물 조사로서는 식물성 Plankton에는 남조류 6속 7종, 규조류 10속 15종, 녹조류 18속 24종으로서 총 34속 46종을 조사하였고, 우점종은 Asterionella gracillima, Lyngbya Contorta, Melosira granulata, Melosira SP., Microcystics aeruginosa, Symedra Ulna, Euglena SP 등의 7종이었고, 이 중 Microcystics, Asterionella, Melosira의 3종은 Water bloom 현상과 관계가 깊다. 박테리아 조사는 일반 세균의 경우 가을에 평균 34.1×10?cells/gsoil, 암모니아산화 세균은 4.51×10?cells/gsoil, 아초산박테리아는 7.5×10?cells/gsoil, 곰팡이는 5.4×10³cells/gsoil, 방선균은 7.4×10⁴cells/gsoil이었다. In this study it was investigated how che environmental factors in the artificial lake of Chang-sung affect the birth and growth of plankton and the distribution of bacteria, that is, the effects of the environmental factors on the living things. The investigation has been procedured seasonally from April to December in 1986, and the results obtained are the followings. As for the environmental factors, the surface-water temperature turned out to be 28.5℃ in the second investigation (summertime), and the temperature in the depth of 2l.8m was 10℃, therefore its difference was 18.5℃, and thermocline was formed in the depth of 6~15m. Also the disolved oxygen in the second investigation formed oxycline in the depth of 10~15m. At this time the amount of DO was 6.1 mg/l in the depth of 15m, the annual mean BOD 0.79mg/l, the annual mean turbidity 5.6NTUs, the annual mean pH 7.2, the annual mean depth of clearness 1.75m, the annual mean conductivity of electricity 65.32 Micromohs/cm the annual mean value of ammonical nitrogen 0.262ppm, and phosphoric acid 0.103ppm. In view of DO, pH, BOD, depth of clearness, the lake of Chang-sung had the good purity of water for the service water source in the light or environmental standard. In this study living things like plankton and bacteria were investigated. A total of 34 genuses 46 species of the Phytoplankton was classified into 6genuses 7species of Cyanophyta, 10 genuses 15 species of Bacteriophyta, and 18 genuses 24 species of Among them the dominant species were Asterionella gracillima, Lyngbya contorta, Melosira granulata, Melosira Sp, Microcystics aeruginosa, Synedra, ulna, Euglena sp, and Microcystics, Asterionella, Melosira were closely related with the phenomenon of water bloom. In the investigation of bacteria, the annual mean bacteria was 34.1 × 10^6cells/g soil, ammonia oxydative bacteria 1.51×l0^5cells/g soil, acetobacteria 7.5×10^5cells/g soil, fungus 5.4 × 10^3cells/g soil, and actinomycetes 7.4 × 10^cells/g soil.

A Study on Biota the Chungsim Torrent and Its Aquatic System

李成植,朴奉憲 조선대학교 농업연구소 1986 農業硏究 Vol.1986 No.1

1986年 9月 7日과 9月 21日 그리고 10月 4日의 3回에 걸쳐 無等山을 基流로 하는 澄心溪流의 底生水樓動物의 環境要因과 plankton을 上流 3개소, 下流 3개소 모두 6個 地点을 對象으로 調査한 要約은 다음과 같다. 澄心溪流는 우기와 건기에 따라 水量, 水深, 水幅이 크게 變化한다. 溪流의 水底面은 岩石과 작은 돌로 되어 있으나 下流로 갈수록 진흙의 침적 현상이 나타나며 경사는 下流로 갈수록 완만하다. 이에 따라 流速의 變化도 있다. 澄心溪流의 上流地域의 物理化學的인 水質은 淸淨하였으나 下流地域은 生活廢水 等의 영향을 받아 多少 汚染現象을 나타내었다. 즉 水溫은 下流로 갈수록 높아지고 溶存酸素量은 下流로 갈수록 急하게 減少됨을 보았다. 그러나 pH値의 變動은 거의 없다. 底生水樓動物相은 上流의 淸淨地域에서는 날도래 (Trichoptera), 하루살이 (Ephemeroptera), 강도래 (Plecoptera) 類가 우점종을 형성하며 種類의 數와 個體數도 많으나 下流의 汚染水域에서는 파리 (Diptera)의 갈따구 (Chironomus), 쉬파리 (Sarcophaga)와 같은 腐水性인 것이 나타난다. 澄心溪流의 底生水樓動物로는 節肢動物 (Arthropoda)인 곤충강 (Insecta)에서 7目 19科 갑각강 (Crustacea)의 1目 1科 그리고 軟體動物 (Mollusca)의 복종강 (Gastrophoda)의 1目 1科 모두 9目 21科를 찾아볼 수 있다. 水質의 物理化學的인 要因과 底樓動物의 出現種數와 個體數는 溶存酸素量과 水底面의 形態와 관계가 깊은 것으로 나타난다. 즉 溶存酸素量이 높고 水底面이 岩石이나 大小의 돌일 때 種數나 個體數가 많다. Plankton은 검출되지 못한다. Plankton의 流入이 있을 수 없는 溪流에는 Plankton의 存在가 있을 수 없다.

영산호 주위의 수질 및 생물 군집 구조에 관한 연구

주흥규,박봉헌 한국물환경학회 1991 한국물환경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The investigation of Physico-chemical water quality and the composition of aquatic organism communities were made from August to September 1988 in the fresh water and seawater areas of Kei-do island, Nabul-do island and Oey-do island around the Young-san Dam. We could get the results as follows ; 1. The consumption of KMnO_4, in the underground water and the criterion of drinking water of general bacillus, and the group of colon bacillus is based on the lack of the hygienic sense for the underground water control of this residents. 2. It is not seemed that the condition of pollution of small river, flowing from the Nabul-do island and Oey-do island to the Young-san Dam, is serious on the physico-chemical point of view, Coliform Group appears high as 4.4×10^3~1.8×10^4 which will affect to the pollution of Young-san dam. 3. The rate of dissolved oxygen in the surface water is rate high as 8.1~9.8ppm, in bottom water as 7.2~9.4ppm. Because the geographical condition of the Young-san dam is different from that of other area in this country there is no higher mountain around it, the dam of Young-san is very wide, affected by the wind, the surface of water runs high, the air contact of water is so wide. 4. BOD and COD make little difference in the surface water and intermediate water, and points of investigating areas. That is ; BOD is 1.5~3.4ppm in surface water, 1.4~3.4ppm in intermediate water, COD is 3.1~5.7ppm in surface water, 3.2~5.2ppm in intermediate water. This result shows that there is no particular outlet source which causes the point source contamination around the Young-san dam. 5. The floating materials show the various distribution at the points of investigation are-as, however that site 2 appears 24~29ppm, the highest rate, is that the widely prevalent fishing net fishery is more source of pollution than the many kinds of shellfish lives in this area. 6. The nutritive salt that is the important materials to decide the nutrition is 0.33~0.61ppm in total nitrate, 0.11 ~0.23ppm in total phoshate with comparatively low. The reason that T-N is 0.58~0.61ppm and T-P is 0.21~0.23ppm with the highest rate of measurement on August in site 1 is because very wide farm land locates in this area and the mixed fertilizer is flowing into this dam during this month. 7. Salinity is not affected by the tied after the construction of the dam, but it is indicating the 78~150ppm in surface water, 83~248ppm in intermediate water by the seawater mixing with freshwater through the outlet gate and gate for shipping and that shows as-pects of water quality of estuary area. 8. District Kwangju city, Naju city, and many small towns are located in upper the Young-san, dam, so that domestic sewage is flowing into the dam without sewage theatment. E. coil indicates the 1.0×10~5.2×10^3 at every points of investigation. Thus this dam is dangerous lake with the pollution of bacillus. 9. A small amount of heavy metal is detected by the clark number because there is no such a big industrial estate around the Young-san dam that will make the water of the Young-san dam be polluted. 10. The quality of seawater around the Young-san dam is comparatively good, but is pol-luted a little by the floating materials, E. coil and n-Hexane. In case of inflow of the tide, the floating material around Mokop harbour will give an in-fluence to the dam. 11. Although the Young-san dam was constructed 7 years ago, this dam has a very different character from the other inland lakes. That is ; this dam is a kind of mixing water with seawater and freshwater everyday with oceanic plankton and fresh water's plankton living together. The species which are observed 69 species of 40 genera belong to 6 families among which phytoplankton is 54 species, 76% of all species. Especially bacillariophyta among phytoplankton is 46 species that is 85% of all. On the other hand zooplankton among the species is 15 species, among which rotifera is 9 species, that is 60% of all. 12. The investigation showed that fish 27 species of 25 genera of were found in this dam. Carassious auratus was dominant species and 21 species of 17 genera. Coilia ectens were found in lower seawater area, Almost the fish in the dam were the primary freshwater fish, it showed that the quality of the water in the dam was purified remarkably, but we found that the fish between in the seawater and fresh water were living there.

해양환경보전에 있어서의 미생물학적 연구 : 3. 서해안(백련리와 계화도앞바다) 해저니의 성상과 미생물학적 연구 3. Comparisons of Chemical Compositions and Bacterial Counts in Mud of the Western-sea-coast, Packnyun-ri and Ke Hwa-do

김종면,박충웅,박봉헌 한국수의공중보건학회 1987 예방수의학회지 Vol.11 No.2