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韓國婦人에 있어서의 子宮內避姙裝置의 避姙效果에 關한 硏究
金鐸一 서울大學校 保健大學院 1966 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.3 No.2
In order to gauge efficacy and acceptability of the intra-uterine contraceptive device or the Jack Lippes' Loop now in widescale use among the Korean women a follow-up observation was carried out during the period from October to December 1965 towards 3,204 married women in Seoul City who had adopted intra-uterine contraception in the period from July 1964 to September 1965. The analysis of the data thus obtained led the Author to the following major findings : 1. Among the reasons for removals of loops after their initial insertions, the removals for medical reasons represented 94 per cent ranking highest, while the removals for personal reasons 2 per cent and irrelevant reasons 4 per cent, respectively. 2. The monthly rate of removals for medical reasons has been measured at 10.1 per cent or the highest within the first month period after the initial insertion, which declined sharply starting in the second month. In contrast, the rates of removal for personal and irrelevant reasons did not demonstrate any noticeable shift in the successive periods after the insertion. 3. The cumulative rates of removals to the end of first year after the initial insertions have been computed at 31.5±1.2 per cent for medical reasons, 0.9±0.2 per cent for personal reasons and 1.5±0.3 per cent for the reasons irrelevant. 4. The rates of spontaneous expulsions of loops turned out to be highest within the first month period after the initial insertion (2.7 per cent) and declined gradually thereafter, the cumulative expulsion rate to the end of the first year after the insertion having been computed at 11.0±0.8 per cent. 5. The monthly rates of pregnancies taking place while loops were in use maintained a range of 0.2∼0.3 per cent regardless of the length of period of observations after the initial insertion. The cumulative pregnancy rate as of the end of the first year period after the insertion has been computed at 2.9±0.4 per cent. 6. The reinsertion of loops rated 10 per cent or lowest for the cases of removals for medical reasons. rating 44 per cent and 11 per cent for cases of removals for personal reasons and for irrelevant reasons, respectively. The reinsertions by cases of spontaneous expulsions rated 42 per cent. The various "drop-out" rates have been adjusted with the rates of reinsertions taken into account. Accordingly, the cumulative rate of removals for medical reasons as of the end of the first year period after insertion turned out to be 28.4 per cent. that for personal reasons 0.5 per cent and for the reasons irrelevant 1.3 per cent. The adjusted cumulative rate for spontaneous expulsions to the end of the first years period has been computed at 6.4 per cent. 7. No visible correlations have been obtained between the reproductive experience in terms of frequency of deliveries, clinical conditions accountable allegedly for the insertion of intra-uterine contraceptive devices and the incidence of pregnancies with devbices in situ. The rates of spontaneous expulsions, however, appeared to tend to become lower with the progress of the frequency of deliveries experienced. This probably suggests a possibility that the spontaneous expulsions of loops might have been caused by the foreign body reactions inherent with the physiology of uterus rather than by the mechanical element involved with the conditions of the cervical canalor the dilatations resulting from frequent deliveries. 8. The combination of all "drop-out" rates cumulatively totaled 42.6±1.2 per cent as of the end of the first year period after the initial insertion, indicating necessities for administrative measures to be taken to supplement the evident drawbacks accompanying a wide-scale use of Lippes' loops, possible with other contraceptive methods including oral pills.
김탁,박기호,유시내,박성연,박세윤,이유미,전민혁,추은주,김태형,이미숙,이은정 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.39
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection is associated with high mortality. One of the strategies to reduce the mortality in patients with CRAB infections is to use intravenous colistin early but the effect of this strategy has not been proven. Therefore, we investigated the association of early colistin therapy with 28-day mortality in patients with CRAB bacteremia. Methods: This retrospective multicenter propensity score-matching analysis was conducted in the Korea by reviewing the medical records of adult patients with CRAB bacteremia between January 2012 and March 2015. Early colistin therapy was defined as intravenous colistin administration for > 48 hours within five days after the blood culture collection. To identify the risk factors associated with the 28-day mortality in CRAB bacteremia, the clinical variables of the surviving patients were compared to those of the deceased patients. Results: Of 303 enrolled patients, seventy-six (25.1%) patients received early colistin therapy. The 28-day mortality was 61.4% (186/303). Fatal or rapidly-fatal McCabe classifications, intensive care unit admission, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores ≥ 8, vasopressor use, and acute kidney injury were statistically independent poor prognostic factors. Catheter- related infection and early colistin therapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.94) were independent favorable prognostic factors associated with 28- day mortality in patients with CRAB bacteremia. Early colistin therapy was still significantly associated with lower 28-day mortality in the propensity score-matching analysis (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11–0.88). Conclusion: This study suggests that early colistin therapy might help reduce the mortality of patients with CRAB bacteremia.
김탁,성형섭,정용필,김성한,추은주,최상호,김태형,우준희,김양수,이상오 대한감염학회 2018 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.50 No.2
Background: Trimethoprim/sufamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the recommended treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). However, the efficacy and the safety of alternative salvage treatments are less guarauteed especially when patient experiences treatment failure and/or an adverse drug reactions (ADR). The purpose of this study is to recognize potential risk factors imitating successful treatment with TMP/SMX among PCP patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety one adult patients diagnosed with PCP were included after searching electronical medical records from January 2013 through July 2015 at Asan Medical Center Seoul, Korea. We compared clinical characteristics and laboratory findings including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis in patients who experienced TMP/SMX treatment failure or ADR (the case group) versus those who did not (the control group). Results: Among the enrolled PCP patients, 39 (42.9%) required salvage treatment owing to either treatment failure (28, 28.6%) and/or ADR (17, 18.7%). The BAL lymphocyte percentage (25% [IQR, 8–40%] vs. 47% [IQR, 15–62%]; P = 0.005) was lower in the case group. Diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.98, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.20–18.58), glomerular filtration rate ≤50 mL/min (aOR 4.48, 95% CI 1.08–18.66), and BAL lymphocyte percentage ≤45% (aOR 9.25, 95% CI 2.47–34.58) were independently associated with the case group in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This study suggests that BAL lymphocyte count may play some role during PCP treatment. Further studies should be followed to reveal what the role of BAL lymphocyte is in the PCP treatment.
김탁,박진,추은주,정혜민,전찬홍,황재필,박정미 대한감염학회 2018 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.50 No.1
Prognosis has not been known for patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) whose 18fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) finding is non-diagnostic. A total of eight patients with FUO that underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively identified January 2016-June 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Of these, two patients were diagnosed with microscopic polyangitis and Kikuchi’s disease and one patient was transferred to another hospital. Of five patients whose diagnoses were not confirmed, four patients received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and/or low dose steroid and symptoms disappeared. Our study suggests that outcome of patients with FUO whose 18F-FDG PET/CT finding is non-diagnostic would be favorable.