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        한국 전통 불교 꽃장식의 불단 배치와 상징 이미지

        김진숙,윤평섭,김양희 한국화예디자인학회 2006 한국화예디자인학 연구 Vol.15 No.-

        The research was for the historical investigation of Korean traditional Buddhism flower decoration, and includes a collection of 102 total pieces of murals, pictures, and sculptures. The data analysis was based on three time periods: three kingdom dynasties, Goryeo dynasty and Joseon dynasty. The research contents investigated time period characteristics, Buddhist ceremony, symbolic images, Buddhist altar arrangement, and shapes of 6 types of sacrificial offering container. 1. The analysis showed that based on 102 total pieces, the pictures were the most common, then wall painting, followed by sculptures. 2. In the Buddhist tradition, there are both annual and non-annual memorial services. For example, Buddha`s birthday and Uranbunjul(盂蘭分節) are the most common annual services, where as The 49th day memorial services(四十九齋) were the most common non-annual service. Today, during the monthly Ten day(十齋日) memorial services, the most representative ceremonies were the First day, Kwanumjeil(觀音齋日), and Gijangjeil(地藏齋日) services. Services other than the Ten day(十齋日) memorial services executed according to the characteristics of each temple. The Buddhist flower offerings were most commonly made during ceremonies mentioned above. 3. The Buddhist symbols used were: Wonisamjum(∴), Halo(○), Buddhist flag 5 color, Man(卍), Traditional Korean 5 color. The frequencies of appearances were: Halo (27.5%), Traditional Korean 5 color (23.6%), Buddhist flag 5 color (24.2%), Wonisamjum (24.1%)[Samjonbulbosal(∴ 6%), Three elements of flower (∴ 18.1%)], Man (0.5%), Halo(○) being the most common and Man(卍) being the least common. 4. Based on 70 items researched for position (upper, middle, lower) of Buddhist flower offerings, the following was noticed: upper position was 57.1%, lower position was 24.3%, and the middle position was 18.6%. The upper position was most common. Based on 34 items researched for position of Buddhist offerings in relation to ceremony, the lower position with ceremony was 50(without ceremony 0)%, upper position with ceremony 8.8(without 29.4)%, middle position with ceremony 5.9(without 5.9)%. The lower position was most common. 5. Usage frequency of 6 offering types in 199 researching items are: flower 51.3%, incense 13.6%, tea 10.6%, the candle and grain each in 9%, and fruit is the least common offering. The six types of sacrificial offering containers in 131 researching items were: circular with pedestal (50.4%), circle (36.6%), square(3.8%), square with pedestal (3.1%), flower wicker basket(2.3%), and pentagonal with pedestal(0.8%).

      • KCI등재

        특징벡터를 사용한 얼굴 영상 인식 연구

        김진숙,강진숙,차의영,Kim Jin-Sook,Kang Jin-Sook,Cha Eui-Young 한국정보통신학회 2005 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.9 No.4

        Face Recognition has been an active research area because it is not difficult to acquire face image data and it is applicable in wide range area in real world. Due to the high dimensionality of a face image space, however, it is not easy to process the face images. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the dimension of the facial data and extract the features from them. It will be solved using the method which extracts the features from holistic face images. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts. The first is the using of principal component analysis (PCA) to transform three dimensional color facial images to one dimensional gray facial images. The second is integrated linear discriminant analusis (PCA+LDA) to prevent the loss of informations in case of performing separated steps. Integrated LDA is integrated algorithm of PCA for reduction of dimension and LDA for discrimination of facial vectors. First, in case of transformation from color image to gray image, PCA(Principal Component Analysis) is performed to enhance the image contrast to raise the recognition rate. Second, integrated LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis) combines the two steps, namely PCA for dimensionality reduction and LDA for discrimination. It makes possible to describe concise algorithm expression and to prevent the information loss in separate steps. To validate the proposed method, the algorithm is implemented and tested on well controlled face databases. 영상 인식은 영상획득이 용이하다는 것과 실생활에서 광범위하게 사용될 수 있다는 것으로 인해 활발하게 연구되고 있는 분야이다. 그러나 얼굴영상은 높은 차원의 영상공간으로 인해 이미지 처리가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문은 얼굴 영상 데이터의 차원을 특징적인 벡터로 표현하고 이러한 특징벡터를 통해 얼굴 영상을 인식하는 방법은 제안한다. 제안되는 알고리즘은 두 부분으로 나뉜다. 첫째로는 칼라 영상을 그레이 영상으로 변환할 때 RGB 세 개의 플레인의 평균이 아닌 세 플레인의 주성분을 사용하는 PCA(Principal Component Analysis)를 적용한다. PCA는 칼라 영상을 그레이 영상으로 변환하는 과정과 인식률을 높이기 위한 영상 대비 개선 과정이 동시에 수행한다. 두 번째로는 PCA와 LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis) 방식을 하나의 과정으로 통합하는 개선된 통합 LDA 방법이다. 두 과정을 통합함으로서 간결한 알고리즘 표현이 가능하며 분리된 단계에서 있을 수 있는 정보 손실을 방지할 수 있다. 제안된 알고리즘은 잘 제어된 대용량 얼굴 데이터베이스에서 개인을 확인하는 분야에 적용되어 성능을 향상시키고 있음을 보여주었고, 추후에는 실시간 상황에서 특정 개인을 확인하는 분야의 기초 알고리즘으로 적용될 수 있다.

      • KCI등재

        아동권리교육이 예비유아교사의 아동권리 인식에 미치는 효과

        김진숙,서영숙,서혜정 한국영유아교원교육학회 2010 유아교육학논집 Vol.14 No.6

        In this study, an education program on the importance and necessity of infants and children’s rights was executed for pre-service early childhood teachers, and then their recognition change on children's rights was discussed. The education program was applied to the 65 sophomores studying in H college. First, the education of children’s rights had been executed for pre-service early childhood teachers. Then, each group consisting of 2 or 3 pre-service early childhood teachers selected an item among the lists of the various children’s rights agreement, and assigned it to infants. Second, the effectiveness of the education program, which was focused on the importance and necessity of infants and children’s rights, was evaluated using paried t test process. The aim of our verification was to clarify the recognition change toward infants and children’s rights happened in pre-service early childhood teachers. From the analysis results, the significant recognition change on children's rights was found in pre-service early childhood teachers from the education program on the importance and necessity of infants and children’s rights. These verification results showed that the infants and children’s rights education program is an effective method to activate the following items: (i) importance of children’s rights, and (ii) necessity of children’s rights. Finally, the importance of education of children’s rights pre-service early childhood teachers was obtained by the above analysis. The education of children’s rights is imperative in pre-service early childhood teachers. 이 연구에서는 예비유아교사에게 아동권리교육을 실시한 후, 예비유아교사의 아동권리의 중요성과 아동권리교육의 필요성에 대한 인식의 변화 차이를 밝혀 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. H대학 2학년 65명을 대상으로 프로그램을 실시하였다. 먼저 예비유아교사에게 아동권리에 대한 교육을 실시하였고, 예비유아교사들은 2∼3인 1조가 되어 아동권리협약 조항을 하나 선정하여 유아들을 대상으로 권리프로젝트를 실천하였다. 동일한 집단을 대상으로 프로그램을 처치하기 전과 프로그램을 처치한 후 아동권리에 대한 중요성과 아동권리교육에 대한 필요성을 paried t 검증으로 통해 사전 사후검사의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 예비유아교사의 아동권리에 대한 인식은 아동권리교육이 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 아동권리교육은 아동권리의 중요성과 아동권리교육의 필요성에 대한 인식을 향상시키는데 효과적이라는 결론을 내렸고, 예비유아교사를 대상으로 아동권리교육을 실시하여야 할 필요성을 제안하였다.

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