염색 인조모(人造毛)와 인모(人毛)의 역학적․형태학적 특성 비교

김신미,문승재,나명석 한국화장품미용학회 2023 한국화장품미용학회지 Vol.13 No.3

미용실에서는 사람의 머리카락에 염색, 탈색, 샴푸세척 등을 직접 진행하지만, 미용교육과 실습은 사람의 머리카락과 비슷하게 만든 인조모발을 이용하여 진행된다. 본 연구에서는 모발 염색 후 모발 손상의 물리적 특성과 모발 표면의 형태학적 특성을 관찰하여 그 차이를 알아보았다. 인장강도, 보습력, 단백질 용출량 등 모발 손상의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 인조모발과 인모의 차이가 있었다. 여러 실험에서의 모발손상 차이는 인조모발 보다 인모에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 주사현미경(SEM)을 이용한 모발 표면의 형태학적 관찰 결과, 인간의 모발과 달리 인조모발에서는 전형적인 큐티클 패턴이 관찰되지 않고 비교적 매끄러운 형태를 나타내었다. 탈색된 인모에서는 탈색제의 화학적 처리로 인해 큐티클이 심하게 벗겨지는 현상이 나타났다. 헤어매니큐어 시술 후에는 염색의 착색으로 인해 인조모발과 인모의 모발표면 박리가 감소한 것을 알 수 있었다. 원자현미경(AFM)을 이용해 모발 표면을 분석한 결과, 인조모발과 달리 인모의 탈색모발은 큐티클층의 높낮이가 불규칙하고 또 벗겨짐으로 인해 심각한 손상을 입은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 2D영상과 3D영상에서 인조모발과 인모의 명암에서 뚜렷한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 인조모발과 인모의 물리적 특성 및 모발손상에 대한 형태학적 관찰 결과, 인조모발과 인모 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 미용교육 및 산업현장에서는 이를 최소화하고 보완할 수 있는 연구와 대책을 통해 고객의 미용시술 시 개선이 필요하다고 사료된다. Hair shops perform dyeing, bleaching, and shampoo cleaning directly on human hair, but beauty education and practice are performed using artificial hair made similar to human hair. In this study, the physical characteristics of hair damage and the morphological characteristics of the hair surface were observed after hair dyeing to investigate the differences. The results of the investigation of the physical properties of hair damage in terms of tensile strength, moisture retention capacity, and protein elution amount showed differences between artificial hair and human hair. This difference in hair damage had a greater effect on human hair than on artificial hair. In the morphological observation of the surface of hair using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), unlike human hair, the typical cuticle pattern of artificial hair was not observed in artificial hair and showed a relatively smooth shape. The bleached human hair showed severe peeling of the cuticle due to the chemical treatment of the bleaching agent. After hair manicure treatment, surface peeling of artificial hair and human hair was reduced due to the coloring of the hair manicure. Analysis of the hair surface using an atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that, unlike artificial hair, bleached human hair showed significant damage due to rapid irregularities and peeling. Additionally, there was a clear difference in the height and shade of artificial hair and human hair in 2D images and 3D images. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that there was a clear difference between artificial hair and human hair as a result of physical characteristics and morphological observations of hair damage between artificial hair and human hair. Therefore, it is believed that hair care education and industrial sites need to improve customer hair care through research and measures to minimize and supplement this.

임상간호사의 임종기 의료결정에 대한 지식

김신미,홍선우,이인숙 한국의료윤리학회 2021 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This article reports on a study that was conducted to assess clinical nurses’ knowledge of the decision-making process for end-of-life care in South Korea. A decision inventory consisting of 21 items was utilized, and 250 potential respondents were recruited, irrespective of their work unit, from six hospitals located in three areas of South Korea. A total of 238 clinical nurses completed the inventory from December 04, 2019 to December 28, 2019. Overall, the average score by item was 0.64±0.19 out of one point. Some of the items related to AD and POLST showed very low scores. Working experience and awareness of advance directives and physicians’ orders on life-sustaining treatment were found to affect the knowledge level of the decision-making process for end-of-life care. In general, the level of awareness concerning advance directives and physicians’ orders on life-sustaining treatment was unacceptably low considering that the respondents were clinical nurses. The results of this study highlight the need for further education for nurses in South Korea on the decision-making process for end-of-life care.

인지면담을 이용한 한국형 사전의료의향서 모델 개발

김신미,홍영선,홍선우,김진실,김기숙,Kim, Shin Mi,Hong, Young Sun,Hong, Sun Woo,Kim, Jin Shil,Kim, Ki Sook 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2013 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop a feasible form of a Korean version of advance directives (K-AD). Methods: Sixteen adults participated in this study: 10 aged 20~50 years and nine aged 65 years or older. Using a draft version of the K-AD, cognitive interview was conducted on the participants to establish a culturally acceptable form of advance directives whose directions can be understood and responded accordingly by the general population. Results: Cognitive interviews revealed areas of concerns for the draft version of K-AD: lack of instructions or clarity for technical and medical terms, context complexity and inadequate response categories. The draft version was revised by rewording, offering examples and rearranging the context. Editorial style was added with appropriate uses of bold fonts, bullet-points and underlines to facilitate interviewees' cognitive responses. Conclusion: Study results feasibility of the revised version of the K-AD. Further study should be performed with a larger number of participants to develop a K-AD with an acceptable level of reliability and validity. 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 사전의료의향서 사용 집단을 대상으로 초안에서 도출된 한국형 사전의료의향서 콘텐츠의 구성 요소를 바탕으로 실제 사용자 집단에서 인지적, 심리적 및 사회적으로 수용 가능한 문장과 문항으로 구성된 문서를 구축하여 한국형 사전의료의향서 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 방법: 실제 사용자인 일반 성인의 보건의료정보 문해력과 정서적 수용성 및 작성 과정을 고려하여 초안을 작성하였으며 초안을 바탕으로 인지면담(Cognitive Interviewing) 방법을 통한 문항 개발 과정을 수행하였다. 대상자는 9명의 65세 이상 노인을 포함한 16명의 인지면담에 장애가 없는 성인이었다. 결과: 총 2회기에 걸친 인지면담 결과를 분석한 후 최종적으로 3개 속성(가치관, 의료지시[9문항] 대리인 지정)을 중심으로 총 430개 단어로 구성되는 모델을 확정 제안하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 한국형 사전의료의향서 문서를 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 인지면담을 사용하였으며 그 가능성을 검증하였다. 한국형 사전의료의향서 최종 모델을 위해서는 대규모 양적 연구를 통해 가용성을 검증하며, 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보하여 모델을 확정하는 과정이 포함된 추후연구가 필요할 것이다.

노인 암환자의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향요인: 2015년 한국의료패널 자료 분석

김신미,이인숙 한국가정간호학회 2020 가정간호학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and compare them between young-aged and old-aged patients with cancer. Methods: Data of 291 patients (young-aged: 168, old-aged: 123) were obtained from the 10th wave of the 2015 Korea Health Panel Survey. The HRQOL was measured using the Korean version of Euro-QoL-5D. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify factors influencing HRQOL. Results: The average HRQOL score was 0.87±0.10 and 0.82±0.15 among young-aged and old-aged, respectively. The factors differed partially between the two groups. For young-aged, the influencing factors were activity restriction, subjectively perceived health status, and smoking. For old-aged, the influencing factors were activity restriction, subjective health status, and unmet healthcare needs. Conclusion: Strategies to improve the HRQOL of elderly adults need to be developed considering the age group. Additionally, studies that include clinical factors such as symptoms are required to prepare need-based practical approaches for better quality of life of such patients.

성인의 죽음 불안과 임종기 치료 선호도

김신미,김순이,김기숙 한국의료윤리학회 2011 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.14 No.4

A survey was conducted to examine death anxiety and preferences regarding end-of-life care among adults aged 40 years or older. A total of 352 subjects were recruited from two areas in South Korea by trained research assistants, who used structured questionnaires consisting of demographic characteristics, Templer’s Death Anxiety scale, and the Korean version of the Preference of Care at the End of Life. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, an ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Subjects reported a moderate level of death anxiety. Furthermore, while a gender effect was detected, an age effect was not. There was a low preference for life-sustaining treatment with no significant differences among the various demographic groups including age. This study suggests that in order to promote clients’ self-determination and end-stage quality of life, health care providers need to be aware of clients’ attitudes toward death and their preferences regarding end-of-life care.

사전의사결정의 속성-생전유언을 중심으로

김신미 청주대학교 2010 産業科學硏究 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: This study was performed to identify elements of living will which is a key part of advance directive. Method: World wide web sites and database were searched to access real documents and 53 existing living will documents from US, New Zealand as well as Korea were analyzed. Result: Seven distinctive categories of elements of living will were identified as follows; title and attribute; conditions which make living will effective; procedure certifying conditions which make living will effective; process which make living will legal; medical treatments included in living will; revoking procedure; misc. Conclusion: Identified construction elements and characteristics of each element from this analysis of existing documents would be helpful to prepare dying with dignity act and to develop living will in Korea in the future.

미니멀리즘 특성과 비달사순 커트스타일의 상관성 분석

김신미,나명석,정원지 한국인체미용예술학회 2014 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study attempted to improve the value of the hair industry considering the factthat trend in art and cosmetology now complement each other instead of coexistingseparately. The connection of these two areas with other genres sponsors a creative styleand expands the scope of design expression. This study takes another look at howminimalism, which plays a pivotal role in modern design, correlates with Vidal Sassoonhaircut styles. For this, books, literature documents and previous studies were examined. As a result, it was found that the art trend of minimalism was very similar to VidalSassoon haircut styles in terms of simplicity, geometric aspect, universality and function. Although they are different genres, they pursue the same goal. Therefore, it is veryimportant to connect these areas with other genres in terms of hairdressing in order tofoster the development of the cosmetology industry.

성인의 수면실태와 관련요인에 대한 연구

김신미 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1997 정신간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Sleep is an essential component in health and the quality of life of individual. Normally, sleep pattern changes with advancing age. These changes often result in sleep impairment and become a major stressor in adult. Sleep problems are not rare among healthy adults. Even though sleep impairment among adults has been well documented in western countries, few studies have been conducted related to the sleep in Korea. The purpose of this study is to explore sleep pattern, related factors, and sleep satisfaction among healthy community-dwelling adults, so that basic informations regarding adult's sleep can be established. 409 subjects over 20-year-old were participated in the study. The survey questionnaire was developed by translation and modification of two well-known sleep questionnaires which originally developed by Monroe(1967) and Ellis, et al. (1982). Pilot study was completed for final contents of a questionnaire. SPSS/PC+ was utilized for data analysis, results are as follows: 1. Sleep complaints were reported by 27.9% of the subjects. 2. Most of the subjects reported to go bed between 9-11pm. and get up between 4-6am. 3. Regarding sleep-disturbing factors, physical factor(21.8%), emotional factor(42.7%), environmental factor(48.4%) were reported. 4. 21.3% of the subjects practiced some type of strategies for better sleep. But a few(6.5%) used hyphotics mainly in occasional base. 5. Variables showed statistically significant difference in sleep satisfaction were : getting up right away upon waking : frequency of awakening during night time sleep : difficulty in falling asleep ; feeling rested upon waking in the morning : difficulty in going back to sleep after awakening during night time sleep. 6. Feeling rested upon waking at morning and difficulties of going back to sleep during night sleep explained sleep satisfaction with 31% explanation power. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the adults in the community do have some sleep impairment but do not practice adequate strategies for better sleep. Further researches are needed to develop better sleep measurement tool to identify sleep pattern of clints and to develop and evaluate nursing intervention.

소아 그레이브스병 관해의 예측 지표

김신미,황진순 대한소아내분비학회 2010 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.15 No.2

Purpose:Antithyroid drug treatment is usually recommended as the initial treatment for children with Graves' disease. However, achieving remission with medical therapy usually requires many years of treatment, the risk for adverse reactions is relatively high and relapse is common after discontinuation of medication. There is therefore a debate about how Graves' disease should be treated in children. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of remission during 2 years from quitting of antithyroid drug. Methods:We retrospectively studied children who had been treated for Graves' disease with antithyroid medication. We compared the children who achieved remission after two years with those who had persistent disease, to determine the variables associated with remission. Results:41 patients were enrolled, of whom five (12.2%) achieved remission and the rest (87.8%) could not achieve remission until the last visit. There were no significant differences in T3, free T4, antimicrosomal antibody (AMA), or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) between the two groups at presentation. However, the remission group had a significantly higher titer of TSH (P =0.04) and a significantly lower titer of antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA) (P=0.01) than the non-remission group at presentation. The non-remission group had higher ATA concentrations 3 months after treatment with antithyroid medication than the remission group did (P=0.02). Conclusion:TSH and ATA concentrations at presentation can be used to stratify patients according to the likelihood of remission during 2 years from quitting of antithyroid drug. 목 적:갑상샘 기능 항진증은 갑상샘 호르몬이 과다하게 생산되어 증상을 나타내는 질환으로 소아에서 원인의 대부분은 그레이브스병이다. 치료법으로는 여러 가지가 있으며 아직 정립되어 있지 않지만 항갑상샘제가 초기 치료로 대부분 이용된다. 그러나 항갑상샘제로 치료 시 관해를 이루기 위해 많은 시간이 소요되며 부작용의 위험성도 상대적으로 높고 재발도 흔한 편이다. 이에 저자들은 항갑상샘제 투여 2년 후 관해를 이루게 될 가능성을 알려주는 지표에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법:2002년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지 7년간 아주대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과에서 그레이브스병으로 진단받은 환아를 대상으로 2년 간의 치료를 통해 관해를 유지하고 있는 군과 그렇지 못한 군으로 나누어 진단시와 치료 3개월 이후의 갑상샘 기능상태, 갑상샘 항체인 ATA, AMA, TBII를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과:전체 환아 41명 중 남아 8명, 여아 33명이었다. 치료 2년 동안 관해는 8례에서 보였고 이 중 재발은 3례에서 발생하였다. 결국, 2년 이상 관해를 보인 환아는 5명이었다. 관해를 보인 군과 그렇지 않은 군과의 비교에서 진단시 free T4와 T3 값은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 TSH는 0.11±0.04과 0.04±0.04 mIU/L 으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.04). 갑상샘 항체 ATA의 값은 관해군에서 189.6±103.2 U/mL, 그렇지 않은 군에서 520.4±677.1 U/mL으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.01). AMA 값과 TBII 값은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.17, P=0.58). 치료 3개월 이후 ATA 값은 비관해군에서 583.3±763.9 U/mL로 관해군의 211.2±147.0 U/mL에 비해 유의하게 높았다(P=0.02). 결 론: 그레이브스병에서 관해를 예측할 수 있는 지표로 진단시 TSH값과 항티로글로불린항체값을 이용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며 향후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 전향적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

간호 윤리 교육의 현황과 방향 모색

김신미 한국간호교육학회 2016 한국간호교육학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.5