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수정 델파이 기법을 이용한 의약품의 DDD(일일상용량) 결정과 항생제 사용량 분석: WHO 일일상용량이 없는 항생제를 중심으로
김동숙,김남순,이숙향 한국임상약학회 2007 한국임상약학회지 Vol.17 No.1
Objectives : It is necessary to monitor consumption of drugs in order to enhance promote appropriate use of drugs. Defined Daily Dose(DDD) of World Health Organization(WHO) has been used for evaluating the amount of medicine use. However, DDD of some drugs must be determined for drugs in Korea which are not listed by WHO. Our formulary follows ourself classification and DDD of some drugs must be determined since they exist only in Korea. This study was aimed to determine DDD value using RAND Appropriateness Methods and evaluate the amount of antibiotics use using DDD value. Methods : J01 antibiotics of WHO anatomical therapeutic chemical(ATC) classification were extracted from drug formulary. Antibiotics list without DDD was identified to determine their DDD with comprehensive review of references and recommendation of experts. defined. Review of reference was executed. of Expert panels were comprised of clinical pharmacist and clinical doctors. Modified Delphi Method was applied by survey and consensus meeting. Amount of antibiotic use was calculated by DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in the national level using health insurance claim data. Results : The result of 1 round, DDD values of 28 ingredients were determined from the first round of consensus meeting. With 2nd round meeting, 3 ingredients were deleted and DDD of 17 ingredients were decided. Analysis of antibiotic use in health insurance claim data showed 22.97 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2003 year. Conclusion : This study can contribute to the establishment of DDD assignment and thus quantifying drug uses.
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김동숙,정연경 한국문헌정보학회 2010 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.44 No.4
This study analyzed the development and growth of folksonomy by examining tags associated with 40 bestsellers on LibraryThing.com in 6-month intervals. It was found that tag values do not decrease but grow in terms of quantity and quality. Accordingly, we examined the major significances of the tags and their potential utilization as an expression of subjects. Our findings were as follows. First, the motivations for tagging can be categorized into personal information for search purposes, self-fulfillment such as sense of achievement, display of emotion and sharing of one’s experience with others, or an altruistic objective that emphasizes sociality with a desire that one’s actions might provide social benefits. According to our analysis, 74.12% of tags had a social motivation. Second, the total number of tags and the frequency of usage increased with time. Third, the categories that showed a high increase in tag usage were dates of publication and reading, key words, main characters, and book reviews. Tags related to subjects had the highest ratio. Fourth, among Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), multiple genres, key words and main characters were assigned to books, and specific key words and other properties were added as time progressed. There was also a slight increase in the number of tags consistent with LCSH. Fifth, we found that key tags could serve as a compilation of terms that reflects the knowledge base of the corresponding era. Thus, folksonomy should be continuously monitored for its quantitative and qualitative development of the tags to make improvements on its formative disadvantages, and identify internal semantic significance, be actively utilized in conjunction with taxonomy as a flexible compilation of terms that incorporate the history of a specific era. 본 연구는 LibraryThing내의 베스트셀러 40권에 대한 태그를 6개월 간격으로 수집하여 폭소노미의 생성과 성장을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 태그의 양적, 질적 성장과 그러한 태그가 갖는 주된 의미와 주제 표현의 활용가능성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과로 첫째, 이용자 태깅의 동기는 개인의 자료 정리나 검색용도, 욕구의 성취, 감정 표출과 같은 자신을 위한 목적과 타인과 경험을 공유하거나 자신의 행동이 사회에 도움이 되길 바라는 사회성이 강조된 목적으로 구분되며, 사회적 동기가 부여된 태그는 74.12%로 드러났다. 둘째, 시간의 흐름에 따라 전체 태그 수와 이용 빈도수에서 성장세를 보였다. 셋째, 태그의 성장세가 큰 항목은 출판 시기 및 읽은 시기, 장르, 핵심 주제어, 등장인물, 책에 대한 소감 부분이었으며 주제 관련 태그의 비율이 가장 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 넷째, LCSH 중에서 해당 장르, 핵심 주제어, 등장인물이 다수 부여되었으며 시간이 흐르면서 좀 더 세부적인 핵심 주제어와 등장인물이 추가되었고, LCSH와 일치하는 태그의 수도 소폭 상승하였다. 다섯째, 핵심 태그는 해당 시대의 지식을 반영하는 용어 집단으로서 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 폭소노미가 형태적인 단점을 극복하고, 내적으로 시맨틱 의미를 찾으며, 일대기를 고려한 유동적인 용어집단으로서 기존의 택소노미와 함께 적극 활용되기 위해서는 태그의 생성부터 양적, 질적 성장까지 전 과정을 지속적으로 모니터링하고 지원해야 할 것이다.
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金東淑 嶺南考古學會 2002 嶺南考古學 Vol.- No.30
이 글은 5∼6세기대 영남지방 분묘의 제의관련 자료를 8개의 유형으로 나누고, 이들 각 유형의 지역별·묘제별 점유 빈도를 통해 신라·가야의 분묘제의를 분석할 것이다. 신라와 가야의 제의는 제의 내용에서 상호간에 확연히 다른 양상으로 확인되는 유형도 있고, 단지 점유 빈도의 차이 정도로 확인되는 유형도 있다. 제의의 내용은 시간적·공간적으로 일정한 범위를 형성하고 있으므로 집단간의 정치적 성향과 일정부분 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다. 특히 신라의 제의는 지배영역의 확장과 연동되어 확산되었음이 분명하다. 분묘 제의물의 확인 위치는 시간이 지남에 따라 매장공간에 인접한 위치에서 점차 분묘의 외곽으로 벗어나는 경향을 띤다. 또한 6세기 이후 신라·가야의 분묘제의는 추가장을 전제로 하는 횡구식·횡혈식 석실분의 도입과 내세관을 지닌 불교사상의 유입으로 변화한다. 이와 같은 묘제와 사상의 변화는 簿葬의 관념 등에서도 드러나듯이 현실생활이 중시되는 사회적 분위기에 따른 것이라고 판단된다. Until now, A study on tomb was limited to the annals through the structure of tombs of the analysis of artifacts. But the study of the ritual of tombs is a important part, because the tomb is based on the thought of after-death, namely the world of consciousness. In the thesis, I define all artifact and remain, which bear the marks of the ritual outside the burial space, called “the object for the ritual” And I make these things the object of analysis for these thesis. Some conclusions are as follows ; The first, from the analysis of an aspect of the ritual by tomb-system, I make certain that ritual of the wooden chamber tomb with stone mound is mutual connecting process with those of the outer coffin tomb. The second, the type of the ritual by region reflects some political character of each group, that is, the Shilla like ritual at Pusan region and the mixed aspect of Shilla and Kaya at Changryong region. The third, in the ritual of Shilla region, the structure of the ritual of tombs is the rounded stone and the ritual objects are pottery with ironware such as horse equipment, knife, arrowhead, socketed spearhead and axe etc. The forth, in the beginning of 6th century, the ritual of Shilla began to a sphere of distribution spread and in this period, Shilla govern directly the local might. The fifth, in the ritual of Kaya, the structure which was made of stones in planelike is commonly utilized. Pottery occupies mostly in the ritual object but saw Knife in the ironware is only utilized. The sixth, in the process of the exchange an wooden outer coffin tomb into a vertical digging style stone lined tomb, an wooden chamber tomb with stone mound, horizontal digging style and horizontal entrance style stone chamber tomb, a kind of the ritual things is also changed. The seventh, in 5th to 6th centuries, the position of the ritual object moved additional-and poor burial based on the introduction of a horizontal digging-and horizontal entrance style stone chamber tomb and an inflow of Buddhistic thought. And a social atmosphere, which is accounted much of actual life, have an important effect.
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