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Possibility for Heliotropism from Inclined Columns of Stromatolites, Socheong Island, Korea
공달용,이성주 한국지구과학회 2013 한국지구과학회지 Vol.34 No.5
Socheong island is a unique island containing Precambrian stromatolites in South Korea. Most of Socheong stromatolites are domes and columns, occurring as 10 cm to 1 m thick stromatolite beds. Lower parts of the stromatolite beds are predominantly composed of domes, but columns increase toward the upper level of stromatolite beds. In many of the stromatolite beds, inclined columns are easily identifiable, which is generally considered as a result of heliotropism. From general lithology, sedimentary structures, inclined angles and distributional pattern, and structural deformation of sedimentary rocks of Socheong island, the inclination of Socheong stromatolites could be better interpreted as a secondary structural deformation probably after formation of stromatolite columns, rather than as a result of heliotropism. However,at this moment, we do not clearly reject heliotropism interpretation for inclined columns of Socheong stromatolites. This is because the original position of stromatolite columns could have been lost if structural deformation had affected the whole sedimentary rocks of Socheong island.
공달용,이성주 한국지구과학회 2014 한국지구과학회지 Vol.35 No.5
Many problems in naming natural monuments have been repeatedly argued by many researchers, and fourdifferent types of naming problems were identified: 1) name of unknown nationality (natural monument no. 82 and 108),2) morphological name rather than scientific name (natural monument no. 180, 295, and 409), 3) name of fable character(local cultural property of Changnyeonggun), and 4) scientifically wrong name (natural monument no. 413). Among them,two cases (case 3 and 4) using wrong names are found in natural monument of geologic heritages, which should beascribable to a hasty designation without an accurate and thorough scientific research. In order to solve these problemsand to establish an ideal policy in designating natural monument, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage hasbeen carrying out a research project of “Pre-study and Post-designation (PSPD)”, especially targeting the rod-shapedstromatolite. It is likely that this new strategy of PSPD is a unique and the first step to solve many problems indesignating and naming geologic heritages as natural monuments. As a consequence, we strongly suggest that PSPDsystem must be applied to natural monument designation as an institutional arrangement.
천연기념물 경산 대구가톨릭대학교백악기 스트로마톨라이트: 산상, 자연유산적 가치 및 보존·활용 방안
공달용,이성주 국립문화재연구원 2023 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.56 No.3
Stromatolite at the Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan was designated as a natural monument in December 2009 because it was very excellent in terms of rarity, accessibility, preservation and scale. From the time of designation, the necessity of confirming the lateral extension of the stromatolite beds with the excavation of the surrounding area, and preparing a preservation plan was raised. Accordingly, the Cultural Heritage Administration conducted an investigation of the scale, production pattern, and weathering state of stromatolites with an excavation from April to December 2022, and based on this, suggested natural heritage values and conservation and use plans. The excavation was carried out in a 1,186m2 area surrounding the exposed hemispherical stromatolite (approximately 30m2). Stromatolites are continuously distributed over the entire excavation area, and hemispherical stromatolites predominate in the eastern region, and the distribution and size of hemispherical domes tend to decrease toward the west. These characteristics are interpreted as a result of long-term growth in large-scale lakes, where stratiform or small columnar domes continued to grow and connect with each other, finally forming large domes. Consequently, large and small domes were distributed on the bedding plane in clusters like coral reefs. The growth of plants and lichens, as well as small-scale faults and joints developed on the stromatolite bedding surface, is the main cause of accelerated weathering. However, preservation treatment with chemicals as with dinosaur footprints or dinosaur egg fossil sites is not suitable due to the characteristics of stromatolites, and preservation with the installation of closed protection facilities should be considered. This excavation confirmed that the distribution, size and value of stromatolites are much larger and higher than at the time of designation as a natural monument. Therefore, additional excavation of areas by experts that could not be excavated due to the discovery of buried cultural properties (stone chamber tombs) and reexamination of the expansion designation of natural monuments are required.
남해 가인리 공룡발자국 화석에 대한 디지털 사진 측량 기법의 활용
공달용,임종덕,김정률,김경수 한국지구과학회 2010 한국지구과학회지 Vol.31 No.2
A number of dinosaur tracksites located at southern coast of the Korean Peninsula have continuously been damaged by sea-waves and weathering. To protect the dinosaur tracksites from the damage permanently and safely, we need to develop conservation programs as well as to collect data documenting the sites. We specifically applied digital photogrammetry to extensively record and document dinosaur tracks in the Namhae Gain-ri tracksite (Natural Monument No. 499) and were able to obtain 3D images data with it. The data of 3D images enable us to produce permanent documentation and preservation of the morphology of dinosaur tracks and tracksites. Moreover the weathering rate on time can be numerically analyzed by periodic measurements of the dinosaur tracksite and comparison of those measurements. The 3D modeling techniques also can be used in various ways including analyzing morphology of tracks,duplicating replicas for museum exhibitions, and posting the results on the Internet homepage. 한반도 남해안 일원에 분포하는 공룡발자국 화석산지는 파도와 조석의 영향을 받아 지속적으로 훼손되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 공룡발자국 화석의 훼손 및 멸실 등에 대비한 보존 방안과 자료의 확보가 시급하다. 본 연구에서는천연기념물 제499호 가인리 화석산지의 공룡발자국 화석을 대상으로 디지털 사진 측량 기법을 이용하여 3D 이미지 기록을 획득하였다. 획득한 3D 이미지 자료는 공룡발자국 화석과 화석산지에 대한 형태적 정보의 영구 기록과 보존이 가능하다. 또한 공룡발자국 화석의 변화 양상을 주기적으로 측정하여 그 값을 수치적으로 비교함으로써 시간에 따른 자연적 풍화율을 수치적으로 분석할 수 있다. 이외에도 3D 모델링 기법은 발자국 화석의 형태 분석, 복제 및 전시, 홈페이지 탑재 등을 통하여 다양하게 활용될 수 있다.
천연기념물 제411호 경남 고성 덕명리 공룡화석산지 일원 병풍바위의 형성에 관한 암석학적 연구
공달용,조형성,김재환,유영완,정승호,김태형,김종선,정종옥,김건기,권창우,손문 국립문화재연구원 2018 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.51 No.2
Sangjogam, located in Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do, was designated as Natural Monument #411, because of its diverse geological heritage, such as fossils, ripple marks, dykes, and columnar joints. In the area, Byeongpungbawi, with its beautiful columnar joints vertical to the bedding plane of the underlying sedimentary rocks and spectacular coastal view, was named after its overall shape reminiscent of a huge folding screen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the formation process of the columnar joints using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) method. AMS measurements showed that the k1 and k3 values representative of directions of the long and short axes of a magnetic particle at each point strongly clustered, and the oblate magnetic foliation structure in Byeongpungbawi developed during sill-type intrusion rather than lava flow. In summary, Byeongpungbawi was produced by sill-type intrusion along the bedding plane of the underlying sedimentary layer, and the subsequent formation of columnar joints was accompanied by the cooling and contraction of intruding rhyolite magma. This study potentially provides a basic research tool in understanding the formation mechanism of columnar joints which are widely distributed in southern Korea. 경남 고성 상족암 일대는 화석, 연흔, 암맥, 주상절리 등 다양한 지질유산이 분포하고 있어 천연기념물 제411호(고성 덕명리 공룡과 새발자국 화석산지)로 지정되었다. 이 중 상족암의 주상절리는 해안에 인접하고 있어 아름다운 해안 경관을 이루고 있으며, 전체적인 형상은 거대한 병풍 모양을 연상케 하여 병풍바위라 불린다. 병풍바위에는 하위 퇴적층과의 경계면에 수직한 방향으로 주상절리가 특징적으로 발달하고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 병풍바위에 나타나는 주상절리를 대상으로 야외 및 현미경 관찰, 전암대자율 분석, X-선 회절 분석, 지화학 분석 등 암석·광물학적 연구와 대자율이방성(AMS) 분석을 통한 자기미세구조 연구를 수행하여 병풍바위와 주상절리의 형성과정에 대해 논의하였다. 병풍바위에 나타나는 산성 암상의 화학조성은 유문암의 조성을 가지며, 석영, 장석, 백운모, 견운모, 불투명광물 등이 관찰된다. 병풍바위에 대한 대자율이방성 분석 결과, 각 지점에서 입자들의 장·단축 방향을 나타내는 k1과 k3의 군집도가 매우 높게 나타나며, 납작한 형태의 엽리구조가 발달하고 있는데 이는 암맥, 용암류보다는 암상에서 발달하는 석리(rock fabric)로 해석된다. 결론적으로 병풍바위는 퇴적층의 층리면을 따라 관입한 암상이며, 주상절리는 관입한 유문암질 마그마의 냉각에 따른 수축에 의해 형성되었다. 이번 연구는 향후 국내에 분포하는 주상절리의 형성 메커니즘을 이해하는데 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.