Ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube growth

고가연,이상진,조아영,이재철,서동완,강종순,김시관,김수남,김용기,배규운 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 belongs to protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides and has diverse pharmacological activities. In this report, we investigated whether Rg1 could upregulate muscular stem cell differentiation and muscle growth. Methods: C2C12 myoblasts, MyoD-transfected 10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts, and HEK293T cells were treated with Rg1 and differentiated for 2 d, subjected to immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, or immunoprecipitation. Results: Rg1 activated promyogenic kinases, p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Akt signaling, that in turn promote the heterodimerization with MyoD and E proteins, resulting in enhancing myogenic differentiation. Through the activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, Rg1 induced myotube growth and prevented dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy. Furthermore, Rg1 increased MyoD-dependent myogenic conversion of fibroblast. Conclusion: Rg1 upregulates promyogenic kinases, especially Akt, resulting in improvement of myoblast differentiation and myotube growth.

MPTP로 유도된 Parkinson's disease 동물 모델에서 열다한소탕 가감방 (MYH)의 신경 세포 보호 효과

고가연,김윤하,안택원,Go, Ga-Yeon,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Ahn, Taek-Won 사상체질의학회 2015 사상체질의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Objectives To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of modified Yuldahanso-tang (MYH) in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods 1) Four groups (each of 8 rats per group) were used in this study. 2) The neuroprotective effect of MYH was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. 3) The brains of 2 mice per group were removed and frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$, and the striatum-substantia nigra part was seperated. The protein volume was measured by Bradford method following Bio-Rad protein analyzing kit. Using mouse/Rat Dopamine ELISA Assay Kit. 4) The brains of 2 mice per group were separated and removed. TH-immunohistochemical was examined in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of MYH on ST and SNpc. 5) Two mice out of each group were anesthetized and skulls were opened from occipital to frontal direction to take out the brains. The brains added TTC solution for 20 minutes for staining. 6) The water tank used for morris water maze test was filled with $28^{\circ}C$ water, and a round platform of 10cm in diameter was installed for mice to step on. The study was carried out once a day within 30 seconds, keep exercising to step on the platform in the pool. 7) The brains of two mice out of each group were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and paraphillin substance was infiltrated. They were fragmented by microtome, and observed under an optical microscope after Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. 8) A round acrylic cylinder with its upper side open was filled with clean water and depressive mouse models were forced to swim for 15 minutes. After 24 hours the animals were put in the same equipment for 5 minutes and were forced to swim. 9) The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of Neurotransmitters in MPTP-MYH group. Results 1) MYH possess Dopamine cell protective effect on MPTP-induced injury in striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. 2) MYH inhibits the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreacitive (TH-IR) cells in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. 3) MYH possesses improvement effect on MPTP-induced memory deterioration in C57BL/6 mice through the reduction of prolongated Sort of lost time by MPTP injection using the Morris water maze test. 4) MYH possesses hippocampal neuron protective effect on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. 5) MYH possesses improvement effect on MPTP-induced motor behaviour deficits and depression in C57BL/6 mice through the reduction of prolongated losing motion by MPTP injection using the Forced swimming test. 6) MYH increases serotonin product amount on MPTP-induced injury in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions This experiment suggests that the neuroprotective effect of MYH is mediated by the increase in Dopamin, TH-ir cell, Hippocampus and Serotonin. Furthermore, MYH essential oil may serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent regarding Parkinson's disease.

추출 방법에 따른 갈조류 유래 다당류의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 효과 비교

고가연,강민혁,김은영,최가미,Zhang Guiguo,이윤경 한국식품영양과학회 2023 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Seaweed polysaccharides (SPS) as emerging potential resources for health-promoting effects have been intensively studied. However, to apply SPS as health functional materials, it is essential to apply a suitable purification process that enables removing the heavy metals contained in seaweeds. This study aimed to optimize the extraction methods for isolating polysaccharides by eliminating heavy metal contents and maximizing the extraction yield. Three types of seaweeds were subjected to extraction: Hizikia fusiforme (HF), Laminaria japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll. The intermediate products of the extraction process before and after dialysis were named crude polysaccharide (CP) and purified polysaccharide (PP), respectively. Dialysis effectively removed the heavy metals from the CP, whereas the yield of PP was significantly decreased compared to yields obtained in CP. Modification of the extraction procedure by combining boiling and washing steps successfully eliminated the heavy metals and maintained an appropriate yield of SPS. Among the three SPS obtained, the total polyphenol contents of CP and PP were comparable, with the highest polyphenol contents detected in the HF-derived polysaccharides. The antioxidant activities of all three SPS determined by ABTS radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were also in agreement. In addition, the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the SPS was found to be the highest in the HFCP and HFPP extracts. Taken together, this comparative analysis between CP and PP of three kinds of SPS demonstrates that CP obtained by the modified extraction method can be utilized as a safe ingredient for future animal studies. 본 연구에서는 3종 해조류[톳(HF), 다시마(LJ), 미역귀(UPS)]로부터 추출 수율을 개선하고 중금속 함량 저감을 통해 안전성이 확보된 해조류 유래 다당류(SPS)의 추출・정제 방법의 최적화를 위해 추출 전후(해조류 원물과 조다당류)의 중금속 함량을 비교하였다. 더불어 추출 과정 중 투석 과정의 유무에 따른 조다당류(CP)와 정제다당류(PP)의 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 효과 및 α-glucosidase 저해 효과 분석을 통하여 추후 해조류 유래 다당류의 동물실험용 샘플 제작 및 대량생산 공정 적용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 3종의 해조류 중 HF는 초기 여과액의 제거를 통해 SPS의 비소함량을 저감하였다. SPS의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 투석 과정에 따른 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았으며 CP와 PP 모두에서 HF의 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀이 높은 해조류일수록 항산화 효과가 높게 나타났으나, ascorbic acid의 항산화 활성과 비교하면 HF를 제외하고는 탁월한 항산화 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 마지막으로 SPS의 α-glucosidase 저해 활성은 HF, LJ, UPS의 순으로 나타났으며, HF에서 당뇨병 치료제인 acarbose와 비슷한 α-glucosidase 저해 활성이 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 3종 해조류로부터 추출한 SPS의 수율, 항산화 활성, 항당뇨 효과 지표 등을 고려하여 추후 SPS를 이용한 동물사료 샘플 제작의 기초자료를 제시하였다.

SoI-Gel법에 의한 Pb(Zr, Ti)$\textrm{O}_3$박막의 강유전체 특성

고가연,이은구,박진성,이종국,이우선,이재갑,Go, Ga-Yeon,Lee, Eun-Gu,Park, Jin-Seong,Lee, Jong-Guk,Lee, U-Seon,Lee, Jae-Gap 한국재료학회 1997 한국재료학회지 Vol.7 No.6

Sol-gel법으로 제작한 여러 종류의 Zr/Ti비율을 갖고 있는 PZT박막의 전지적 특성과 신뢰성 특성을 상부 백금 전극을 sputtering으로 증착하고 Ar 기체로 반응성 이온 식각(RIE)방법으로 패턴을 형성한 후 열처리온도의 변화에 따라 조사하였다. Hysteresis loop특성을 되찾게 하였다. Zr/Ti 비율이 감소함에 따라 voltage shift가 증가하였으며 internal field가 없어지는 열처리 온도가 증가하였다. Zr/Ti비율이 감소함에 따라 초기 잔류 분극은 증가하였으나 switching 횟수가 증가됨에 따라 잔류 분극이 급속히 감소하였다.

임상실습을 경험한 간호대학생의 전공만족도 실습만족도, 셀프리더십이 의사소통능력에 미치는 영향

고가연,박순옥,박선정,박복순,곽근혜,박병준 한국간호연구학회 2019 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Purpose : This study is a descriptive survey study to identify a relationship with a majority satisfaction, practice satisfaction, self-leadership and communication capabilities of nursing students experienced clinical practice and identify factors that affect the communication capabilities. Methods : This study conducted from November to December, 2018 in 200 third and fourth graders of three universities in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do. Technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Stepwise multiple regression Respectively. Results : Communication capabilities were correlated with practice satisfaction. The factors affecting communication capabilities of nursing students were majority satisfaction, practice satisfaction, and their explanatory power was 12.5%. The variables that have the greatest influence on the communication capabilities of nursing students are confirmed by the practice satisfaction. Conclusion : The courses organized and best practice environment, improve the practical experience in organic cooperation of hospitals and practices are necessary for effective clinical practice in order to improve communication skills of nursing students.

상부전극 두께가 우선방위를 갖는 $Pb(Zr, Ti)O_3$ 박막의 강유전체 특성에 미치는 영향

고가연,이은구,이종국,박진성,김선재 한국세라믹학회 1999 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.36 No.10

Ferroelectric properties and reliability characteristics of(111) and (100) preferentially oriented tetragonal Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) thin film capacitors have been investigated as a function of the top electrode thickness. The (111) preferentially oriented film exhibits 180$^{\circ}$domain switching process with better squareness of hysterisis loop and abrupt change of small singal capacitance-voltage comparing to the (100) preferentially oriented film having 90$^{\circ}$ domain switching process. The domain swithcing process of tetragonal phase PZT is different from that of rhobohedral phase. The film with thinner top electrode shows less initial switching polarization due to less compressive stress but it exhibits better endurance characteristics due to enhancing partial switching region.

MPTP(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)로 유도된 Parkinson's Disease 동물 모델을 이용한 향사양위탕의 신경 세포 보호 효과

고가연,김윤희,안택원,Go, Ga-Yeon,Kim, Yun-Hee,Ahn, Taek-Won 사상체질의학회 2014 사상체질의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Hyangsayangwi-tang (HY), a Korean traditional medicinal prescription in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods Four groups(each of 10 mouse per group) were used in this study. The neuroprotective effect of HY was examined in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. C57BL/6 mouse treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30mg/kg/day), intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 5 days. Slow behavioral responses and memory disorder is the major clinical symptoms of PD. In order to investigate the effect of HY on recovery of behavioral deficits and memory, we examined the motor function and memory by using Morris water maze and Forced swimming test. Ischemic mouse brain stained with TTC(2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease to find out ischemia and tissue damage in mouse. The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of neurotransmitters in MPTP-HY group. To measure the amount of dopamine in mice brain, striatum-substantia nigra, was examined by Bradford assay. Immunohistochemistry was examined in the MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Hyangsayangwi-tang on hippocampal lesion, ST and SNpc. Results and Conclusions Hyangsayangwi-tang (HY) prevents MPTP-induced loss of serotonin, hippocampus and TH-ir cell.

간호대학생이 경험한 임상실습에서의 의사소통

고가연,김명희,박미영,최남영,박선정 한국간호연구학회 2018 한국간호연구학회지 Vol.2 No.4

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of communication experienced by nursing students during clinical practice in an attempt to explore how to demonstrate communicative competency in a more effective way during clinical practice. Methods : This is a qualitative study to have focus group interviews with 15 nursing students who were in their third and fourth years, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was applied. Results : There were four theme clusters, 14 themes and 32 meanings. The four theme clusters were “one-sided communication”, “frustrated communication”, “getting to teach oneself” and “building relationships”. Conclusion : The findings of the study are expected to provide some information on the development of intervention methods geared toward improving the communication of nursing students in the future.

고지방식이로 유도된 비만 생쥐모델에서 열다한소탕의 항비만효과

고가연,박정환,곽진영,안택원,Go, Ga-Yeon,Park, Jung-hwan,Kwak, Jin-Young,Ahn, Taek-Won 사상체질의학회 2017 사상체질의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Yeoldahanso-tang on obesity in rats induced by high fat diet experimentally. Methods The experiment was conducted with rats divided into 5 groups. Rats were evaluated for change of weight, hematologic and serum biochemical parameters. Results Yeoldahanso-tang group showed significant reductions in FER, body weight, adipose tissue weight and size. The level of Creatinine, glucose, ALP, T-cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, Leptin and IGF-1 of Yeoldahanso-tang group was significantly lower than those in HFD-CTL group. The level of HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and Adiponectin in Yeoldahanso-tang group was significantly higher than those in HFD-CTL group. As compared with HFD-CTL group, AMPK-${\alpha}1$, UCP2 and adiponectin mRNA in liver of Yeoldahanso-tang group were significantly increased and AP2/FABP4, AMPK-${\alpha}2$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ mRNA in liver of Yeoldahanso-tang group was significantly decreased. Conclusion These results suggest that Yeoldahanso-tang has inhibitory effects on obesity in high fat diet induced obese mice.

편심 유공 H-형강보의 소성거동 ( Inelastic Behavior of H-Beams with Eccentric Web Opening )

고가연,심현주,이은택 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.22 No.1