Preparation of PEDOT/PSSA Conductive Nanoparticles for Dielectrophoretic Display

강훈석,박수연,김건지,김정운,정헌,이승희,이명훈 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.6

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) nanoparticles for dielectrophoretic display were prepared by in situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the PSSA nanoparticle,which was obtained from the sulfonation of polystyrene nanoparticles prepared by a conventional emulsion technique. The properties of the resulting nanoparticle were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrascopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The particle was uniform in spherical shape with an average diameter of ca. 300~320 nm,and showed high thermal stability up to 340 oC. The electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSSA nanoparticle was measured to be as high as 0.11 S/cm. The dielectrophoretic display cell prepared from the colloidal PEDOT:PSSA nanoparticle dispersed in nematic liquid crystal showed significant optical change in response to electric field variation.

길항세균 Bacillus sp. KBC1004를 이용한 고추탄저병의 생물학적방제제 개발

강훈석,강재곤,박정찬,이영의,정윤우,김정준,박창석 한국식물병리학회 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.3

고추 재배토양에서 분리한 세균 중에서 고추탄저병균의 균사생장을 강하게 억제하며 분생포자의 발아를 현저히 억제하는 균주를 선발하였다. 이 균의 형태적 생리적 실험과 16S rRNA 분석결과를 토대로 Bacillus sp KBC1004로 명명하였다. KBC1004를 동결 건조하여 얻은 건조물을 원제로 하여 탄수화물과 증량제를 포함하는 수화제형(2 × 108 cfu/g)으로 제조하였을 때 상온에서 2년 이상 안정된 밀도를 유지하였다. 수화제 형태의 KBC1004가 활성화 되어 탄저병균 분생포자의 발아를 억제하려면 최소 24시간이 경과되어야 하였고 실내에서 고추 열매를 이용하여 탄저병의 발병 억제력을 조사한 결과도 24시간전에 KBC1004 수화제를 살포하고 병원균을 접종하였을 때 효과적인 병 방제가 이루어졌다. 고추포장에서 KBC1004 수화제를 500배로 희석하여 탄저병이 발생하는 6월 말부터 4회 처리하고 10일 경과 후 이병과율을 조사한 결과 화학농약의 방제가가 86.3%이였을 때 80.3%의 높은 방제가를 나타내었다. To develop an effective biopesticide to control pepper anthracnose disease, an isolate which showed strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of Colletotrichum acutatum was selected among the antagonistic bacterial isolates collected from pepper grown soil. The bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. KBC1004 using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The liquid culture of KBC1004 was freeze-dried and formulated as a wettable powder(WP). The wettable powder form of KBC1004 required at least 24 hours to activate and to inhibit the conidial germination of C. acutatum. In vitro bioassay using the detached green pepper fruits, biocontrol activity of the WP was not recognizable in simultaneous inoculation, but significant disease suppression was observed pre-treatment (24 hr) of the WP before pathogen inoculation. In field experiment, 4 times foliar applications of the 1/500 diluted wettable powder from the end of June showed great control efficacy similar to that of the chemical fungicide application. These results suggest that the formulated WP product could be an alternative mean to control of pepper anthracnose disease in environmentally friendly farming practices.

한국의 취업구조의 서비스산업화에 관한 연구

강훈석 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 1996 最高管理者課程論文集 Vol.9 No.-

모의냉장유통환경이 상추와 분쇄육의 품질에 미치는 영향

강훈석,천지연 한국산업식품공학회 2023 산업 식품공학 Vol.27 No.1

This study investigated the effect of the simulated refrigerated distribution environment on the quality characteristics of green lettuce and ground meat. The simulated refrigerated distribution conditions were as follows: (A) the door was not opened while storing the product in the refrigerator, (B) the door was opened for 20 s every 10 min, and (C) the door was opened for 1 min every 10 min (C). In A, B, and C conditions, the bottom temperature was higher, and the average temperature and temperature deviation of the inside of the packaging box, green lettuce, and ground meat increased according to door opening time. According to simulated refrigerated distribution conditions, food qualities such as browning index, total chlorophyll content, and vitamin C content in green lettuce, moisture content, water holding capacity, and volatile basic nitrogen in ground meat were changed.

간헐배출식 장기포기공정에서 침전단계 초기의 약한 포기나 혼합이 폐수 처리효율에 미치는 영향

강훈석(Hun Seok Kang),장명배(Myung Bae Jang),조광명(Kwang Myeung Cho) 大韓環境工學會 2002 대한환경공학회지 Vol.24 No.9

브로일러 병아리의 등 피부에 자외선 조사후 중족골 무기물 함량의 경시적 변화

장윤환,강훈석,김강수,원지웅 한국가금학회 1992 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different dose of 312nm UV irradiation on ash and phosphorus contents in metatarsus of broiler chicks, whose dorsal skins were exposed to the UV light. Day old Hubbard line broiler chicks were fed with vitamin D deficient diet for 3 weeks and the defeathered dorsal skins were exposed to different dise (0.32, 0.65, or 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of 312nm UV light. The metatarsus bones were collected on 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days after irradiation and defatted, dried, ashed and dissolved in 6N-HCI. The P concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. When the 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ dose was applied, the ash contents in metatarsus bones o( chicks were 42, 46 and 40% on 0, 1 and 3 days after irradiation, respectively. The maximum level, 46% was appeared at 2 days after exposure as 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was treated. When 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ irradiation was applied, the high concentrations, 47 and 47% were shown on 1 and 2 days after irradiation, respectively. The 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ among three levels of dose increased the most amount of ash in metatarsus bone. In respect to the P content in the chick bone the increased level, 19.4% was shown on 3 days after UV treatment with 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The maximum levels, 18.1 and 20.0% were present on 3 and 2 days after exposure to the 0.65 and 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UV dose, respectively. It was shown that the higher dose of UV irradiation increased the more P concentration in matatarsus of chicks and the production rate was faster than those from 0.32 and 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ treatments. 본 연구는 312nm의 자외선 조사시 상이한 조사선양이 병아리의 중족골내 회분 및 인 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 실시되었다. Hubbard 계통 1일령 broiler 병아리에 비타민 D-결핍사료를 3주간 급여한 후 털을 뽑은 등에 0.32, 0.65 또는 0.98 J$\textrm{cm}^2$의 자외선을 조사하였다. 0~5일이 경과된 뒤, 병아리의 중족골을 채취하여 부착물 제거, 탈지, 건조, 회분한 다음 탈지건조골중의 회분함량을 측정하였으며 회분을 6N-HCl로 용해하여 P 함량을 조사하였다. 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 자외선 조사 직후 중족골 통분함량은 42%이었으나 1일 후에 46%로 증가되었으며 3일 후에는 40%로 감소되었다. 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시에는 2일 후에 최고치 46%를 보였다. 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시에는 중족골 회분함량이 1일 후 및 2일 후에 동일한 47%의 수준을 보였다. 3 자외선 선양 중 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$가 가장 많은 중족골 회분을 증가시켰다. 다음 탈지건조골중 P 함량을 보면 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시 3일 후에 증가된 함량 19.4%를 나타내었고, 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$조사시에도 3일 후에 최고치 18.1%를 보였으며, 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시에는 2일 후에 정점 20.0%를 나타내었다. 3선양중 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$가 가장 많은 P 함량을 증가시켰으며 또 가장 신속히 자외선 조사의 효과를 나타내었다.

상이한 선양의 자외선을 조사한 브로일러 병아리에 있어서 간장 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$회량의 계치적 변화

장윤환,강훈석,여영수,김강수,조인호,배은경 한국가금학회 1992 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 무창약등의 계함에서 vitamin D-결핍사료로 31일간 사육한 육용 Hubbard계 병아리의 전신에 UVB를 0.204또는 0.408mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(조사시간 30분 또는 60분) 조사하고 경시적으로 간장내 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$[25(OH)$D_3$] 함양을 측정코자 실시되었다. 먼저 지질을 추출하고 Sep-Pak silica cartridge에 의하여 25(OH)$D_3$를 분리한 다음, 순상 HPLC에 의하여 25(OH)$D_3$ 함양을 분석하였다. UVB를 조사하지 않은 대조구 병아리의 간장중 25 (OH)$D_3$ 농도는 평균 17.5ng/g이었으며 0.204mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 처리후 순시간대의 농도는 37.8ng/g이었고 66시간대에 40.50ng/g의 최고치를 보였다. 그 후 간장의 25(OH)$D_3$ 함량이 감소되었다. 0.408mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 조사시에는 12시간대에 35.7ng/g이었고 42시간대에 61.4ng/g의 최고치를 나타내었다. 그 후 감소되어 138시간대에 39.50ng/g을 보였다. UVB 조사로 증가된 절대량은 0.204mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$때 23ng/g, 0.408mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$때 43.9ng/g(191%)으로서 열사선양을 2배로 하였을 때 간장중 25(OH)$D_3$의 생산량은 약2부였다. 그리고 조사선양을 2배로 하니까 간장중 25(OH)$D_3$의 최고치가 24시간 더 빨리 나타나는 경향을 보였다. This research was carried out to determine the 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$[25(OH)$D_3$] content in liver of broiler Hubbard chicks fed vitamin VD-deficient diet for 31 days in a subdued light room and exposed to UVB light (maximum intensity at 297nm) with dose of 0.204 or 0.408 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(30 or 60 min irradiation) . The lipid in liver collected at 0~138 hr after irradiation was extracted by chloroform-methanol(2:1, v /v) and 25(OH)$D_3$ fraction was separated by Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The 25(OH)$D_3$ concentration was measured by normal phase HPLC. The negative control chicks Presented 25(OH)D$_3$17.5 ng/g liver. When 0.204mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was treated to whole body of chicks, the 25(OH)$D_3$ level was increased to 37.8 ng/g at 12 hr after irradiation, the peak concentration, 40.5 ng /g was appeared at the time of 86 hr, and decreasing trend was shown thereafter until 138 hr, the final time in this study. When 0.408 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was applied, the 25(OH)$D_3$ content was 36.7 ng /g liver at 12 hr, 61.4 ng/g(maximum value ) was appeared at 42 hr, and 39.5 ng /g at 138 hr. The increased absolute amounts in liver 25(OH)$D_3$ were 23 and 43.9 ng/g as chicks were exposed to UVB light with dose of 0.204 and 0.408mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Consequently, it was found that when double dose of UVB light was irradiated to the chicks, their liver samples produced nearly double 25(OH)$D_3$ at 42 hr after exposure, and the peak value was presented earlier by 24 hr than that in the low dose treatment.

인터넷기반에서 서보모터의 원격제어 시스템 구현

홍상은,강훈석,김도형,김장현 한국산학기술학회 2003 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

인터넷의 비약적인 발달은 제어시스템의 설계 및 운영에도 많은 영향을 미치게 되어 지금까지와는 전혀 다른 시스템 구현이 가능한 환경으로 만들어 가고 있다. 이와 같은 배경에서 본 연구에서는 그동안 실험연구용으로 사용하던 서보시스템의 PID 제어방법을 인터넷을 기반으로 한 새로운 방법의 원격제어 시스템으로 구현하였다. 본 논문에서는 NI사의 DAQ보드와 TY36A모터 보드를 사용하여 서보모터의 속도, 위치를 web상에서 원격 제어하는 시스템 구현 방법을 제안하였다. LabVIEW 프로그래밍에서 인터페이스 부분은 Graphical한 프로그래밍 기법을 사용하여 모터의 제어와 작동상태의 모니터링이 용이하도록 하였으며, 최적한 PID 이득값을 설정하여 원하는 속도 및 위치응답 특성이 양호한 제어를 할 수 있게 하였다. 나아가 인터넷상에서 원격제어의 가능성을 활용하여 산업체에서의 활용범위를 넓히고, 가상 교육환경의 가능성을 열었다.

브로일러 병아리의 등 피부에 310nm 자외선 조사시 상이한 선양이 혈장내 비타민 $D_3$함량에 미치는 영향

장윤환,원지훈,강훈석,김강수,여영수 한국가금학회 1992 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 3주령 브로일러 병아리 (Hubrd 계통)의 등 피부에 310nm자외선 조사시 상이한 선양에 따르는 혈장중 비타민 $D_3$ ( $D_3$ ) 함량을 측정코자 실시되었다. 자외선 조사선량은 0~0.79J/$\textrm{cm}^2$으로 하였으며 (5반복) 2일 후에 채혈하고 혈장을 분리하여 지질을 추출, $C_{18}$ cartridge로 정제, HPLC로 D$_3$를 분석하였다. 무처리구 병아리의 혈장내 $D_3$함량은 20ng/$m\ell$이었으며 0.32J/$\textrm{cm}^2$조사시 43ng/$m\ell$로서 시험한 모든 선양중 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 이 값은 무처리구에 비하여 2.15 배에 해당한다. 그러나 0.48J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상 조사시에는 $D_3$ 함량이 점차 감소되었으며 0.79J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 처리시에는 무처리구의 수준과 같이 되었다. This study was carried out to determine the plasma vitamin $D_3$($D_3$) of 3 weeks old broiler chicks (Hubbard line), whose dorsal skin was exposed to different dose of 310 m UV light. The irradiated doses were 0~0.79 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$(6 doses$\times$5 replica=30 chicks). The blood samples were collected 2 days after exposure. The lipid in plasma isolated was extracted with ethyl acetate. The $D_3$ was purified by $C_{18}$ cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. The average $D_3$ content in plasma of control chicks was 20 ng /$m\ell$. When 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of dose was treated, the highest amount of 43 ng /$m\ell$ was found among those of chicks experimented, corresponding to 2.15 times that of control. However, When more doses than 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were exposed to the skin, D$_3$ contents were decreased gradually. The similar to control level of $D_3$ was observed when 0.79 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was applied.

자외선의 상이한 선량이 브로일러 병아리의 중족골 광물질 함량에 미치는 영향

조인호,장윤환,여영수,강훈석,김강수,배은경 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of Ca, P and ash in the metatarsus of broiler chicks exposed to 0.204 mJ/㎠ 30 min) or 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) of medium wave ultraviolet(UVB) fight. Eighty two Hubbard dayold broiler chicks(2 doses × 9 elapsed times × 4 replicate + 10 negative controls) were fed vitamin D(VD)deficient diets for 31 days in a windowless subdued light room. The metatarsus were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 66, 90, or 138 h after UVB irradiation. The metatarsus bones were separated from adhering tissue, ether extracted, dried and ashed(A.O.A.C., 1984). The Ca content in non-fat dry metatarsus was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and P by urnmonium metavanadate colorimetry. The mean Ca concentration in metatarsus of negative control birds was 21 %, and those of chicks exposed to UVB light for 30 and 60 min were 30 and 38%, respectively with the maximum values at 42 h after irradiation. Thereafter, the Ca contents decreased throughout the l38 h period of this research. The mean P level of control chicks was 8.5%, and the level peaked at 15% (30 min treatment) and 11%(60 min) at 66 h after exposure. The decreasing trend continued later than 66 h. This mean ash content of the control group was 43% with the ash contents of the 0.204 mJ/㎠(30 min) and 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) groups decreasing slightly until 42 h, but increasing to 46%(30 min) and 47%(60 min) at l38 h after irradiation. This verified that Ca and P contents increased first and ash amount increased later in metatarsal bones of broiler chicks when they were exposed to 0.204 and 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light. Since there was not a big difference between minerals in metatarsal bones of chicks exposed to 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light, it was thought that further experiments would be necessary to elucidate the optimum dose of UVB light less than 0.204 mJ/㎠.