http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
강상수,이규식,김용수 대한건축학회 1998 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.14 No.11
본 연구는 D건설회사의 인사평가방안을 토대로 조직의 효율성과 성과를 올리기 위한 팀업적 평가방법을 제시하고, 팀업적 평가 및 개인평가를 반 영하는 인사평가 모델을 개발하였다. 또한 상기 모델의 실제 적용을 통해 서 효용성을 검증하고자 하였으며, 설문을 통하여 팀업적 평가체제에 대한 조직구성원의 반응을 조사·분석해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) D건설회사를 대상으로 팀업적 평가체계의 절차 및 방법을 제시하였으 며 본사의 각 조직 및 현장조직의 특성에 부합되는 평가지표를 개발하여 팀업적 평가를 위한 기초적인 방안을 제안하였다. 이를 토대로 타 건설회 사에서도 인사평가체계에 있어서 팀업적 평가제도 도입시, 내·외부 경영 환경에 맞추어 본 연구의 팀업적 평가체계를 수정·보안하여 사용하면 효 과적인 조직평가 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다. 2) 인사평가체계에 있어서 팀업적 평가 및 개인 평가결과를 반영하는 모델 을 개발했으며, D건설회사의 실제 사례를 상기 모델에 적용시켜본 결과 그 효용성이 검증되었다. 3) 설문을 통해 평가체계에 대한 문제점 및 개선방향을 도출해본 결과 인 사평가 체계에 있어서 팀업적 평가의 공정성을 확보하기 위해서는 차이원 인분석 평가 및 정량적 평가가 합리적으로 수행되어야 한다는 것으로 조사 되었다. 또한 인사평가모델에 있어서의 팀업적 평가와 개인평가의 상대적인 배점차 이에 대해서 현행 평가반영비율 보다는 ‘팀간의 배점차이를 약간 높여야 한다’거나 ‘현행 평가배점에 만족한다’는 응답이 약71%로 나타났다. 따라서 인사평가체계 도입 초기에는 개인평가 결과의 반영비율을 크게하 고, 피드백을 통해 평가모델을 수정·보완해가며 점차적으로 팀평가 결과 의 반영 비율을 높여나가 평가체계에 대한 조직원들의 부정적인 견해를 불 식기키고 더불어 구성원들의 평가체계 운영능력을 개발해 나갈 필요가 있다.
강상수,신양식,이선이,김현주 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.4
Background: The aim of this study was to develop a formula guiding the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) tip placement based on anatomical landmarks such as the upper arm, clavicle, and sternum as well as the patient’s height, weight, and body mass index. Methods: Fifty-five patients who were scheduled to have PICCs were included in the study. We measured four distances along the passage of the PICC, which were as follows; the tip of the third finger to the middle of the elbow crease (Distance A), the middle of the elbow crease to the acromion process (Distance B), the acromion process to the sternal head of the clavicle (Distance C), and the sternal head of the clavicle to the end of the xiphoid process (Distance D). The lengths from the elbow creases to their carina bifurcations as determined by fluoroscopy during PICC insertions were recorded and used as reference. Results: The formula for determining PICC depth based on the four distances was determined by regression analysis. The optimal formula was determined to be 25.3 + 0.5 × (Distance C) + 0.6 × (Distance D) which yielded an R2 value of 0.3. Conclusions: The formula proposed for proper depth of the adult, 25.0 + 0.5 × (clavicle length) + 0.6 × (sternum length) for PICC insertion can be used to place the tip at the carina bifurcation level. The distance from elbow crease to catheter insertion point should be added to the length generated by this formula.
Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma - A Case Report -
강상수,Seung Hwan Jung,Myoung Sun Kim,홍성준,윤영준,신근만 대한통증학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.23 No.3
Spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma is rare and difficult to diagnosis early. A 23-year-old male spontaneously developed acute onset of neck pain, limitation of neck motion, and mild dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated blood products in prevertebral space from C2 to C4, suggesting a diagnosis of retropharyngeal hematoma. We report a rare case of spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma causing neck pain. (Korean J Pain 2010; 23: 211-214)
강상수,김명선,고광민,박정찬,홍성준,윤영준,신근만 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.4
A 68-year-old woman suffered from lower back and radiating pain on her right buttock and posterior calf. Axial magnetic resonance imaging showed a 7 × 7 mm nodular lesion (T1 and, T2 low signal intensity) at the epidural space between the L5-S1 level and computed tomography revealed it was an epidural gas cyst. The authors performed an epidural block and percutaneous needle aspiration of the epidural gas cyst. The patient showed almost complete resolution of symptoms one year later. The authors suggest that an epidural nerve block with needle aspiration of a gas cyst could be an alternative treatment option for patients with a symptomatic epidural gas cyst before surgery.
강상수,이인곤,홍석준,유학종,홍성준 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.14 No.2
A 15-year-old male patient presented with a slow progression of painless right shoulder weakness over the previous six weeks. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed right C4–5 foraminal stenosis caused by right foraminal disc protrusion. The needle electromyography and nerve conduction studies revealed acute C5 and/or C6 radiculopathy. Instead of the initial surgical management modalities, we performed a cervical epidural steroid injection at the C4–5 level. From the day after the patient received the cervical epidural steroid injection, his right shoulder motor weakness improved progressively. Two weeks after the procedure, his right shoulder motor function had fully recovered.
Kinked J-tip guidewire within the tracheal lumen during retrograde intubation -A case report-
강상수,정상문,김일석,윤영준,신근만 대한마취통증의학회 2010 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.5 No.1
Retrograde intubation is an alternative option for gaining airway access for patients with a difficult airway. We report a successful management of a kinked J-tip guidewire within a tracheal lumen with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope in a patient with type II odontoid fracture. It is helpful to adjusting the depth of angiocatheter and handling of J-tip guidewire if J-tip guidewire does not come out into the oral cavity at the expected length during retrograde intubation.