근대 강남 농촌사회의 변화

박정현 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-

商品經濟的發展不僅對江南農村經濟的變化, 對農村社會也産生了不小的 影響。1930年代江南農村不再處于穩定的結構之中, 在直接受至商品經濟影響的同時從傳統社會中擺脫出來, 持續着異質化的過程。江南農村的變化沒有帶來包括地主佃農關係在內的社會結構的變化。但是這충變化和現代性有一定的距離, 幷一直和傳統性有聯系, 盡管如此, 타不能說是无意義的、表面的、量的變化。在江南農村, 包括在商品經濟內的農民生活, 土地所有權的變化, 副業的一般化, 流動性的增加, 家族關係的變化, 意識的變化等在農村社會正發生着各충各樣的變化。本文旨在對商品經濟發展下江南農村社會發生了즘樣的變化, 對此農民們的對應方式如何進行詳細的探討。 江南農村的日常生活雖然帶有흔多傳統因素, 但是從經濟生活開始漸漸受到商品經濟的影響。在土地所有方面, 1930年代經濟蕭條時期農民想維持田面權都흔困難。因此農民中轉賣田面權, 棄農的人數增加, 永佃制逐漸衰退, 農村的土地所有權漸漸一元化。在家族關係上, 開始擺脫傳統的家父長制, 由于婦女參與勞動因而女性的在家庭中的地位提高了。령一方面, 因爲放棄農業人口的增加, 農村社會的流動性增加了, 農村人口不斷涌進城市。這충流動性已經對傳統的親族關係和家庭的穩定構成了威脅。離開農村進入城市的離鄕勞動者在城市里主要成爲産業工人和手工業工人, 從這一点可以看出, 江南農村的變化與該地區的工業發展有着密切的聯系。 想要准학地掌握農村居民在意識上的變化是一件常困難的事。但是, 大體上來說在意識形態方面1930年代江南農民同時具有傳統和現代雙重性格。他們在生活和習俗上維持着傳統性, 雖然具有排他的一面, 在經濟方面却相對較具有合理性, 幷能動地發生着變化。1930年代江南農村社會雖然在結構土沒有發生變化, 但是農民存在的方式却産生了흔大的變化。 農村社會的這충變化使農村的經濟因素産生了新的分配。農村勞動力在市鎭的非農産業部門從事勞動, 這樣農村勞動力的就業結構變得多樣化了。例如, 由于曾經是重要農副業的桑田的增加沒能給傳統的糧食生産帶來大的沖擊, 因而雖然沒有影響土地的再分配但是土地的利用率提高了。而且, 這충變化改變了農家經濟的性格。對農家經濟市場的依賴加强, 農家經濟的平衡有相當大一部分得從市場的交換過程中尋조。農村經濟從單一的、封閉式的傳統經濟結構轉變爲一定程度同時具有市場性和開放性的多層次經濟結構。 農村和現代工業相連的過程順利時農村的社會結構發生了흔大的變化。費孝通分析的吳縣開弦弓的變化就是江南農村變化的一個實例。卽, 由于經濟恐慌養蠶業衰退, 購買力下降, 隨之加速了農村的衰退。但是開弦弓通過對蠶桑進行改革使農村工業獲得成功, 겁大地改變了農村社會。相反, 遠離城市的偏遠農村仍然停留在傳統的關系中。江南農村的變化活躍在城市近郊。至此, 我們探討的江南農村的變化雖然不是專一地産生的, 但至少不可否認, 這一變化逐漸擴散, 對于在農村社會不斷增加現代化因素以及對江南農村社會的發展起了積겁的作用。

Al 분말의 산화에 의한 $Al_2O_3$ 소결에 관한 연구

박정현,안주삼,김해두 한국세라믹학회 1982 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This research is to aim at the study of sintering mechanism through the observation of microstructure by scanning electron microscopy, after the mixture of 30wt% $Al_2O_3$ (White Alundum) powder is fired in air at the temperature range of 1350~150$0^{\circ}C$ in order to sinter $Al_2O_3$-Al through the oxidation of Al powder. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. While the compressive strength of $Al_2O_3$(WA) body fired at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 150kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that of Al-$Al_2O_3$ body fired at 135$0^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 1100kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 1600kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively, and the higher the firing temperature, the more the compressive strength increases. These results from the sintering effect between $Al_2O_3$(WA) grains and surrounding Al-oxidation layer. 2. While the compressive strength of Al2O3(WA) body fired at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 250kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the compressive strength of Al-$Al_2O_3$body fired under the same condition is 2050kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and water absorption 9.0%, porosity 23.3%, bulk density 2.60gr/$cm^3$. It is assumed that these results come from not only the grain growth of oxidized Al grains but also the increase of bonding strength between $Al_2O_3$(WA) grains.

대졸 초기경력자의 이직의도와 이직행위 : 개인특성, 직무만족, 조직 · 구조적 요인의 영향력 분석

박정현,류숙진 한국사회학회 2008 한국사회학회 사회학대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.6

Poly (4-vinylphenol) 게이트 절연체를 적용한 IGZO TFT의 열처리 온도에 따른 전기적 특성 분석

박정현,정준교,김유정,정병준,이가원 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2017 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.16 No.1

In this paper, IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) was fabricated with cross-linked Poly (4-vinylphenol) (PVP) gate dielectric for flexible, transparent display applications. The PVP is one of the candidates for low-temperature gate insulators. MIM structure was fabricated to measure the leakage current and evaluate the insulator properties according to the annealing temperature. Low leakage current ( <0.1nA/cm2 @ 1MV/cm ) was observed at 200 °C annealing condition and decreases much more as the annealing temperature increases. The electrical characteristics of IGZO TFT such as subthreshold swing, mobility and ON/OFF current ratio were also improved, which shows that the performance of IGZO TFTs with PVP can be enhanced by reducing the amount of incomplete crosslinking in PVP.

1920년대 중국의 한인정책과 만주 한인문제를 둘러싼 한중일의 이해관계

박정현 한중인문학회 2021 한중인문학연구 Vol.73 No.-

만주 한인문제는 생존의 문제뿐만 아니라 경제적 이해관계, 민족 감정, 중일의 외교문제가 복잡하게 얽혀있었다. 1920년대 중국의 주권 수호와 일본의 만주 침략 의지가 서로 대립하는 가운데 이 문제는 어느 일방이 양보할 수 있는 것이 아니었다. 이러한 갈등과 대립은 만주사 변 전까지 지속되었다. 이 사이에서 만주 한인은 무국적자로서 중국과 일본의 이용과 견제 대상이 되었다. 만주에서 한인은 중국정부로부터 축출 위협과 탄압을 받았을 뿐만 아니라, 만 주 침략에 한인을 이용하려는 일본으로부터도 압박을 받았다. 만주 한인에 대한 차별은 조선 에서 화교배척으로 나타나 만주 한인문제와 조선 화교문제가 상호 연계되어 한중일의 국제문 제가 되었다. 20세기 이후 만주에 이주한 한인과 조선에 이주한 화교 문제는 조선·일본·중국 모두 관 심의 대상이었다. 각국의 이해관계에 따라 이들 문제에 대해 서로 다르게 인식했고, 그 대응 도 각기 달랐다. 만주 한인과 조선 화교 문제는 각기 다른 양상을 보이고, 문제의 소재도 달 랐다. 하지만 이 문제는 중국과 조선에서 상대방 이주민에 대한 대우와 정책을 결정하는 기준 이 되었다. 만주에서 한인이 중국인에게 차별을 받거나 중국정부가 탄압하면, 이 문제를 직접 해결할 방법이 없었던 조선인들은 조선의 화교에게 만주 한인이 당했던 차별과 비슷한 대응 을 했다. 조선총독부와 일본정부도 만주에 이권을 확대하는 과정에서 만주 한인을 단속하고, 정착시킬 필요가 있었기 때문에 조선 화교에 대한 정책을 만주 한인에 대한 중국의 정책과 연관시켰다. 따라서 만주 한인 문제와 조선 화교 문제는 서로 상호 관련 속에서 인식되었고, 이들에 대한 대우나 대응방식도 상호 관련이 있다. 이 두 문제는 서로 다른 지역에서 독립적 으로 일어났지만, 상호 긴밀하게 연관되어 있었다. 1932년 만주국이 수립된 이후 만주 한인 의 지위문제가 해결되자, 조선에서 화교 배척사건도 현저히 감소했다. The Manchurian overseas Koreans in issue was intricately intertwined with survival issues, economic interests, ethnic sentiment, and diplomatic issues between China and Japan. In the 1920s, China's protection of sovereignty and Japan's will to invade Manchuria conflicted with each other. This problem was not something that one could concede. These conflicts and conflicts continued until before the Manchurian Incident. During this period, the Manchurian overseas Koreans became stateless and were subject to use and restraint in both China and Japan. In Manchuria overseas Koreans faced various discrimination and expulsion threats from the Chinese government. On the other hand, there was pressure from Japan trying to use overseas Koreans to invade Manchuria. Discrimination against the Manchurian overseas Koreans appeared as the Korean overseas Chinese excretion. The Manchurian overseas Koreans and the Korean overseas Chinese issues were linked to each other and became an international issue between Chosun, China and Japan. After the 20th century, the issue of overseas Koreans who emigrated to Manchuria and overseas Chinese who emigrated to Chosun was of interest to all of Chosun, Japan, and China. Depending on the interests of each country, these issues were recognized differently from each other, and their responses were also different. The problems of Manchurian overseas Koreans and the Korean overseas Chinese showed different aspects, and the materials of the problems were also different. However, This issue became the standard for determining the treatment and policy of other migrants in China and Chosun. In Manchuria, when overseas Koreans were discriminated against or disadvantaged by Chinese, Koreans retaliated against overseas Chinese in a similar manner. The Government-General of Korea and the Japanese government also tried to use them in the process of expanding their interests in Manchuria with the favorable impression of overseas Koreans in Manchuria. They implemented the policy for Korean overseas Chinese in conjunction with the Chinese policy for Manchurian overseas Koreans. The Manchurian overseas Korean issue and the Korean overseas Chinese issue were recognized in an interrelated manner. In addition, the treatment and response methods for these are also interrelated. These two problems occurred independently in different regions, but were closely related to each other. After the establishment of Manchukuo in 1932, when the status problem of Manchurian overseas Koreans was resolved, the number of overseas Chinese exclusion cases in Chosun decreased significantly.

Photoactive graphene quantum dot for visible Light-driven organic reactions

박정현,( Faizan Raza ),전수지,김혜인,임다빈,김종호 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

We synthesized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a photocatalyst via simple solvothermal reaction of an organic solvent. The designed GQDs had 8 nm in average size with a 1.5 nm of height, and their structure was characterized by XPS, FT-IR and NMR. They showed very intense fluorescence in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. Then, the GQDs were applied to the oxidative coupling reactions of various benzylamines under visible light irradiation. It was found that they showed excellent photocatalytic activity in the oxidative coupling reactions under visible light, however, the reactions did not proceed under dark. In addition, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the oxidative coupling reactions photocatalyzed by GQDs.

Does Smoking Increase a Risk of Hemorrhage Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke?

박정현 대한뇌졸중학회 2009 Journal of stroke Vol.11 No.3

하악 6전치 임플란트를 이용한 캔틸레버 타입 보철물의 즉시부하: 7년 관찰

박정현 대한구강악안면임플란트학회 2017 대한구강악안면임프란트학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The aim of this case report is to show long term result of immediate loading using anterior mandibular 6-implant-supported cantilevered fixed prosthesis. Immediate loading using full mouth implant recover masticatory function and esthetic problem faster, so patients are satisfied but there are many risks. Cantilevers in implant dentistry are beneficial when anatomical limitations preclude the ideal placement of implants. However, cantilevers may adversely affect the biomechanics of implant restoration. Many variables, for example patient’s masticatory force, the shape of dentition, bone quality, can affect success of cantilevers. Guidelines for designing or implementing frameworks with distal cantilevered segments have not been established. More controlled study is needed.

협심증과 심근경색증

박정현 약업신문사 1997 의약정보 Vol.1997 No.9

금 제련에 사용되는 시안의 사용, 규제 및 처리 현황

박정현,신도연,박현식,정진기,이재천,Park, Jeonghyun,Shin, Doyun,Park, Hyunsik,Jeong, Jinki,Lee, Jae-chun 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2015 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.24 No.4

전세계적으로 시안화법은 일차 광물 혹은 정광으로부터 금을 회수하기 위해 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 이 공정에서 발생하는 다량의 유독한 잔사 및 시안 함유 폐액은 주변 환경 및 생태계에 심각한 문제를 야기할 수 있어 그 사용에 대해 문제가 제기되어 왔으므로 시안화법 이용 시 반드시 시안 함유 폐액의 적절한 처리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 금광으로부터 금을 회수하기 위한 습식제련공정인 시안화법과 연계하여 시안 처리 공정을 설계하기 위한 기초연구로서 금 제련에 사용되는 시안화합물의 사용, 규제 및 처리 기술의 국내외 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 무배출 금 회수 및 처리 공정을 설계하기 위한 생물학적 공정에 대하여 소개하였다. Cyanidation has been used worldwide to recover gold from primary ore or concentrate. The use of cyanide is however becoming an emerging issue because of the toxic residue and wastewater made from the process. The cyanide-containing wastewater should be treated properly, obeying the environmental standard and regulations. In the present article, the domestic and international uses, regulations, and treatment technologies of cyanide in gold mining were investigated as a feasibility study to develop a cyanide treatment process as well as the cyanidation process. A biological cyanide treatment process to develop a zeroemission gold recovery and wastewater treatment process was also briefly introduced.