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역삼투방식의 해수담수화(SWRO)공정에서 UF 전처리공정의 유입원수 조정공정으로서 URCⓇ-A공정의 적용성 연구
윤태일,이원일,임현택,임병권,정준연,박태신 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회지 Vol.41 No.3
In this study, a pilot study combining UF pretreatment with URC Ⓡ -A process was carried out in SWRO desalination. From these experiments, it was confirmed that source seawater quality parameters required for SWRO desalination such as turbidity below 0.1 NTU, TOC below 1.0 mg/L, SDI below 3, algal cells below 300 cells/mL were obtained from this pilot system. In case of high turbidity such as over 40 NTU, 99.2% removal from 42.59 NTU to 0.35 NTU was obtained after URC Ⓡ -A process. In case of high algal condition, over 90% removal was achieved and turbidity below 0.4 NTU, TOC below 1.0 mg/L, algal cells below 300 cells/mL were obtained. By introducing URCⓇ-A process, TMP of UF membrane was lowered 33% than without URCⓇ-A process, after then TMP was maintained continuously at 0.4 bar. In case of high turbidity and high algal conditions, UF process operation was very stable without any bad influence, thanks to good and stable performance of URC Ⓡ -A process. After then, when, without appling URCⓇ-A, original source seawater entered the UF pretreatment, TMP was raised to about 16%. This shows that particulate matter and organic matter in source seawater can cause membrane fouling within a month. The introduction of URC Ⓡ -A process as pretreatment step enabled stable operation of UF process and the lower TMP level of 0.4 bar could be maintained continuously to increase maintenance cleaning cycle and CIP cycle. This operation mode with longer maintenance cleaning and CIP cycles can be more economical than conventional operation mode. 본 연구에서는 SWRO처리에서 UF전처리시스템 앞에 URC Ⓡ -A공정을 조합하여 파이로트실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 이 전처리시스템이 SWRO공정에서 요구되는 수질인 탁도 0.1 NTU, TOC 1.0 mg/L, SDI 3, 조류 300 cells/mL 이하를 제공할 수 있는지를 확인하였다. 해수 원수의 고탁도 조건 실험에서 유입 해수 원수 탁도 42.59 NTU에서 처리수 탁도는0.35 NTU로 99.2%의 제거효율을 보였으며 고농도 조류의 유입 조건에서도 90% 이상의 제거효율을 보여 조류번성 시에도탁도 0.4 NTU, TOC 1.0 mg/L, 조류 300 cells/mL 이하의 매우 양호한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. URC Ⓡ -A공정의 도입으로 인하여 UF공정의 TMP는 이전보다 33% 감소하였으며 그 이후 TMP는 0.4 bar로 지속적으로 유지 되었다. 고탁도 고조류 조건에서도 URC Ⓡ -A공정의 안정적인 운전으로 UF공정에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 이후 URC Ⓡ -A를 적용하지 않고 기존의 일반 해수 원수가 유입되었을 때, UF공정의 TMP는 약 16% 상승하였다. 이는 제거되지 않은 해수 원수의 입자성 물질과 유기물질이한 달 내에 UF막에 막오염을 유발함을 보여준 것이다. 따라서 URCⓇ-A공정의 도입은 UF공정을 안정적으로 운전할 수 있게하며 0.4 bar 수준의 낮은 TMP유지로 유지세정 및 CIP 주기를 증가시켜 기존의 운전 방식보다 경제적으로 운전이 가능하게해줌을 확인할 수 있었다.
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윤태,김태중,홍승민,김주형,이종원,이철희,백기엽 한국화훼연구회 1996 화훼연구 Vol.5 No.2
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of retarding and forcing culture on the flowering of Iris nertschinskia and Iris germanica. In retarding culture, plants were stored at 0∼2℃ from Feb. 20 and planted on May 27, Jun. 26 and Jul. 26. There was no difference in days to flowering according to planting date. Plant height, flower stalk length and flower number per plant decreased with late planting. In forcing culture, heating was started on Nov. 17, Dec. 17 and Jan. 17. Days to flowering was shortened and percentage of flowering plants increased in late heating treatment. Flower stalk length of I. nertschinskia was short and percentage of flowering plants of I. germanica was as low as 7% wnen heating started on Nov. 17.
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尹台漢 부산여자대학교 사회과학연구소 1997 사회과학연구 Vol.- No.1
This earth has been threatened by environmental pollution. Particularly the issue of the oil pollution damage became a major concern in worldwide after Torrey Canyon disaster. Moreover, such oil pollution bring about a serious environmental contamination and a large amount of economics losses. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to analyze the prevention law of marine oil pollution and to suggest the improvement of that. Marine pollution has become a major occupation of the international community. At the same time, marine pollution has presented all sector of the industry with one of the most significant challenge. However, most important had been the change of international awareness about the dangers of environmental deterioration. In the next, legal system is established for marine oil pollution damage. Accordingly, for the purpose of prevention for marine oil pollution damage, I will suggest as follows: Firstly, it is necessary to introduct rigional coorperation system and concept of marine environment management. Secondly, establishment of fund on Korea's own. However, it is most important to preserve our marine environment.
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尹台漢 新羅大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.44 No.1
Generally speaking, EDI is the computer-to-computer exchange of common business documents over telephone liner using a standardized electronic format. Through the use of EDI, trading companies can replace the very costly, labor and time intensive process of typing and retyping paper forms and mailing them to their business partners. Also EDI makes it possible to send a routine form, such as a purchase Order, directly from trading companies'PC to that of their trading partner. More over, when trading companies'message arrives at its destination, it can viewed immediately, without reformatting, re-keying or re-organizing a single piece of data. In this view point, this study aims to examine the problems that appear by introducing the EDI into trade transaction and also to suggest the improvements of EDI in International trade. Concludingly, I will suggest as follows: Firstly, the government authorities has to lead positively expansion of the UN/EDIFACT at the governmental level to promote the introduction of the EDI. Secondly, the government has to take the coherent policy for the paperless automatization in trade business. Thirdly, the government must formulate or revise its institutional establishment to adopt the EDI into international trade. Finally, EDI contributes to raising an international competition through the reduction of trade procedure cost, shortening business control time, improving customer service etc. However the cost problem by means of the EDI introduction is significant, so the trading companies have examine the propriety of the EDI introduction to their trade business.
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