베트남의 농업농촌개발 전략과 홍강 삼각주 주요 지역의 쌀 산업 동향

尹晟鐸,朴成泰,黃興九,文憲八,趙守衍,鄭應基 북방농업연구소 2023 北方農業硏究 Vol.46 No.1

북한의 옥수수 생산현황 및 증수방안

윤성탁,김종환,문현귀 한국국제농업개발학회 2007 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

In the early-mid 1990s food shortage of North Korea was near 200 million tons, but now it has decreased to 100 million tons due to the change of policy for increasing agricultural production such as the policy of increase potato cropping area and double cropping. Major crop yields per 10a in North Korea are from 50% to 70% compared to South Korea, except maize which is at the 91% level of North Korea by 310 kg compared to South Korea by 319 kg in 2004. The maize breeding aim of North Korea is short stem length in the character for lodging resistance and high protein, amylopectin in its chemical quality. Recently they have engaged in obtaining the breeding object. None the less, suggestions for increasing maize production in North Korea is inevitable. The first suggestion is that method of transplanting culture of maize is to transform transplanting to direct sowing culture. Of course, it has some merit in the maize production, but it needs enormous labour for preparation of nursery materials, nursery management, and transplanting. The second suggestion is that it is necessary to introduce crop rotation and a cropping system. Because there is a shortage of fertilizer and because most maize cropping area in North Korea has been continuously cropped area for over 20 years, these soils show a lack of nutrition and frequent plant disease so that it would be necessary to develop optimum cropping systems. The third suggestion is that it is necessary for increasing food production to choose the reasonable crops on the local site so that the crop could maximize the potential yield in the optimum environment. The fourth suggestion is that it is also necessary to arrange right varieties in the right climate and on the right soil site for optimum exhibition of growth and for avoidance of diseases and climate disaster. 북한은 1990년대 초와 중반에 홍수와 가뭄 등으로 인하여 식량부족량이 200만톤에 가까웠으나, 1998년부터 식량증산정책 전환의 일환으로 곡물 단작 위주의 농업으로부터 작물다양화 사업을 추진하여 토양 수탈작물인 옥수수 재배면적 비중을 2005년 현재 52만 6천 ha로 축소하고, 감자재배 면적을 증가시켰다. 또한 이모작 등 경지이용률 증대를 꾀하고자 1998년 4만 ha이었던 이모작 면적을 최근 20만 ha로 증가시겼다. 이와 같이 북한은 농업생산성 증진을 위한 노력으로 최근에는 식량부족량이 100만톤 정도로 감소되었다. 단위면적당 북한의 작물수량은 남한과 비교해 보면 주요작물인 쌀은 71%, 서류는 45%, 두류가 75%, 맥류는 51%로 남한의 50~70% 수준으로 남한보다 상당히 뒤지고 있다. 옥수수는 2005년도 북한의 단위면적당 수량은 10a당 310kg(2005)으로서 우리나라의 319kg에 비해 91% 수준으로 다른 작물에 비하면 양호한 편이다(김 등, 2004; 농촌진흥청자료, 2006). 북한의 옥수수 유전자원은 약 2만 8천점으로 보고되었으며 북한은 강한 바람에도 쓰러지지 않는 키가 작은 옥수수 품종과 생육기간이 짧은 고산지역에서도 재배가 가능한 극조생종 옥수수 품종개발에 우선 목표를 두고 있다. 또 품질면에서는 고지방, 고단백질(고함양 라이신 포함) 및 고아밀로펙틴(찰옥수수) 등의 함량을 높이는데 비중을 두고 있으며, 어느 정도 목표 달성을 하고 있는 것으로 보여 진다. 그럼에도 불구하고 북한의 옥수수 수량증대와 안정적인 생산을 위해서 우선적으로 고려할 사항은 재배기술의 개선은 물론 옥수수 품종의 생태적 특성과 해당지역의 지형 및 기후조건을 고려하여 적정품종을 적정지역에 배치하는 것이다. 북한의 옥수수 증산과 관련하여 몇 가지 개선해야 할 점을 제안해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직파재배로의 전환을 들 수 있다. 북한은 현재 대부분의 지역에서 영양단지에서 육묘된 옥수수를 이식재배하고 있다. 이의 장점도 있겠으나, 육묘재료, 육묘관리, 이식 작업 등에 막대한 노동력이 소요된다. 둘째, 윤작체계 및 작부체계의 도입이 필요하다. 북한의 옥수수 재배지는 20년간 이상 재배된 연작지대라고 할 수 있다. 비료 등 농자재가 부족한 현실에서 연작에 의한 토양의 영양결핍과 병해가 가중될 수 있다는 점과 또한 1970년대 후반부터 식량증산정책으로 다락밭과 비탈밭 조성을 위한 개간에 따른 산지의 훼손과 에너지난으로 인한 임산연료의 과도한 채취로 생태계 파괴를 불러왔다. 이에 따른 기상재해의 급증 등을 고려할 때 적절한 작부체계 개발이 중요하다고 본다. 셋째, 식량증산을 위한 적정 작물의 선택이 필요하다. 1956년 북한은 “옥수수는 밭곡식의 왕이다.”라는 구호아래 옥수수 일변도의 재배정책을 유지하여 다른 작물의 적지적작에 크게 피해를 준 것으로 보인다. 따라서 획일적으로 옥수수만을 재배하는 것보다는 토양의 비옥도와 경사도를 고려한 입지조건과 경쟁력에 입각한 작물의 재배치가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 넷째, 기후지역별 옥수수 적정 품종배치가 필요하다. 즉, 만생종, 중생종, 조생종 및 극조생종 등이 기후 등 작물생육 특성이 환경조건과 일치되는 지역에 적절히 배치 또는 해발높이에 따른 옥수수 배치를 분석해 재해로부터의 예방은 물론 생육 증진을 통하여 수량증대를 이룩하는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다.

조건 불리 한계농경지에서의 조, 수수, 기장의 생육 및 수량

윤성탁,이명철,김정순,장경우,허진우,김영복,김태호,남중창,남민희,이용환,황재복,심상인,김성민 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회지 Vol.55 No.4

This experiment was conducted to select optimum minor cereal crop and variety for the marginal agricultural lands so that they would be used to increase the agricultural land use rate in mountainous areas. This experiment used three different marginal agricultural lands,that is, slope land, barren land and gravelly land. Soil pH of control field was 7.85, slightly alkali, whereas gravelly land showed strong acid(pH 5.1). EC of marginal agricultural lands was generally lower compared to the control, especially barren land showed 0.05dS m-1 which was the lowest among marginal agricultural lands. Foxtail millet showed no significant difference of heading and ripening date among marginal agricultural lands. Foxtail millet of slope land showed the highest culm length(169.5 cm) and grains per ear(4913.9 grains) among marginal agricultural lands except control field. Growth duration of three varieties was varied from 112 to 113days, which was not different statistically. In grains per ear of common millet, slope land showed 787.1 grains which was the highest among marginal agricultural lands except control field. Among varieties,Byorukgijang showed the highest grains per ear(827.2g/ear), whereas 1000 grain weight was 5.5 g which was lower compared to that of Hwanggijang(6.2 g). In sorghum,slope land showed the highest grains(2563.8 grains) per ear and ears per 3.3 m2(26.0 ears) except control field. Growth duration of three sorghum varieties almost the same from 122 to 123 days, whereas the highest grains per ear was obtained from Moktaksusu(2357.6 grains). Jangmoksusu showed the highest 1000 grain weight(23.8 g) among three sorghum varieties. In yield of three foxtail millets, the highest yield was obtained from slope land(282.0 kg/10a)among marginal agricultural lands and Mongdangjo showed the highest yield(252.3 kg/10a) among three varieties. In yield of three common millets, the highest yield was obtained from slope land(196.0 kg/10a) among marginal agricultural lands and Byorukgijang showed the highest yield(173.8 kg/10a) in three varieties. In three sorghum varieties, the highest yield was obtained from slope land (301.7 kg/10a) among marginal agricultural lands and Moktaksusu showed the highest yield(236.5 kg/10a) among three varieties. 경사도가 높거나 농지의 지형적․토성적 이유로 농기계의작업효율이 낮은 한계경지는 산간지역에 많이 분포하고 있어 이와 같은 불량환경에 적응성이 큰 조, 기장, 수수의 생육 및 수량특성을 검정하여 한계경지 적응 적정 작목 및 품종을 선발코자 실시한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양 pH는 평탄지인 대조구가 7.85로 약 알카리성을나타내었으며, 경사지 및 척박지는 각각 6.3, 6.2로 약산성을 나타내었으나, 자갈밭은 5.1로 강한 산성을 나타내었다. EC는 대조구에 비해 한계농경지(경사지, 척박지, 자갈밭)가 낮았으며, 특히 척박지는 0.05 dS m-1로 가장 낮았다. 2. 조의 한계경지별 출수기 및 성숙기는 큰 차이가 없었다. 간장은 경사지에서 169.5 cm로 가장 컷으며, 자갈밭이 143.7 cm로 가장 작았다. 1수립수는 대조구를 제외하면 경사지가 4913.9립으로 많았으며, 3.3 m2당 이삭수는 자갈밭이 85.3이삭으로 대조구에 비해 25% 적었다. 품종별 생육기간은 3품종 모두 112~113일로차이가 없었다. 3. 기장의 파종기로부터 출수소요일은 한계경지간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 1수립수는 경사지가 787.1립으로 대조구 다음으로 가장 많았다. 품종간 1수립수는 벼룩기장이 827.2개로 가장 많았으나, 1000립중은 5.5g으로 황기장 6.2g에 비해 작았다. 4. 한계경지별 수수의 출수기 및 성숙기는 큰 차이가 없었다. 1수립수는 대조구와 경사지가 각각 2598.1,2563.8개로 가장 많았으며, 이삭수도 대조구와 경사지가 각각 26.7, 26.0이삭/3.3 m2으로 가장 많았다. 품종별 생육기간은 3품종 모두 122~123이로 큰 차이가 없었으며, 1수립수는 목탁수수가 2357.6립으로 가장많았으며, 메수수가 2071.8개로 가장 적었다. 1000립중은 장목수수가 23.8g으로 가장 무거웠다. 5. 조의 수량은 대조구가 295 kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며,다음으로는 경사지가 282.0 kg/10a으로 많았다. 품종별로는 몽당조가 252.3 kg/10a으로 수량이 가장 많았다. 기장의 수량은 대조구가 217.0 kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 경사지가 196.0 kg/10a으로 많았다. 품종별로는 벼룩기장이 173.8 kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며, 흰기장이 122.2 kg/10a으로 수량이 가장 낮았다. 수수의 수량은 대조구가 313.0 kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 경사지가 301.7 kg이었으며, 품종별로는 목탁수수가 236.5 kg/10a로 가장 수량이 많았다.

기장 유전자원의 농업적 특성

윤성탁,許震宇,김성민,김창영 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Crop characteristics of 137 common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) resources collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Spike types of 137 plant resources were classified as 4 types of oblate, spreading, oblate-compact (intermediary type between oblate and compact) and oblatespreading (intermediary type between oblate and compact) type, of which oblate spike type was the highest percentage of 66.4% (91 plant resources) of 137 germplasm. Seed color was classified as 5 colors of dark brown, yellow, brown, yellowish brown, and yellowish white, of which yellowish white was the highest percentage of 66.4% (54 plant resources) among them. Seed type was classified as 2 types of pyramid shape and short pyramid shape, which showed 62.8% and 37.2% respectively. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 68 to 85 days with 73.7 days in the average and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 70 to 75 days, which occupied 46.7% (64 plant resources) of 137 germplasm. Days from seeding to physiological maturity showed the range from 109 to 124 days with 112.0 days in the average and the highest frequency proportion (60.6%) of it was the group from 111 to 115 days, while there were also occupied with 6.6% below 110 days and 5.1% over 120 days among 137 germplasm. Group from 181 cm to 190 cm of culm length showed the highest frequency proportion of 47.4%, whereas below 160 cm was the lowest occupancy of 2.9%. Spike length showed the range from 181 to 190 cm with 181.4 cm in the average and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 31 to 35 cm with the proportion of 54.0%. Number of grains per spike showed the range from 432 to 2,665 grains with 1,429.5 grains in the average and group from 1,200 to 1,400 grains per spike was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 20.4%. There were also occupied with 13.1% below 1,000 grains and 8.6% over 2,000 grains per spike among 137 germplasm. Crop characteristics of 137 common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) resources collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Spike types of 137 plant resources were classified as 4 types of oblate, spreading, oblate-compact (intermediary type between oblate and compact) and oblatespreading (intermediary type between oblate and compact) type, of which oblate spike type was the highest percentage of 66.4% (91 plant resources) of 137 germplasm. Seed color was classified as 5 colors of dark brown, yellow, brown, yellowish brown, and yellowish white, of which yellowish white was the highest percentage of 66.4% (54 plant resources) among them. Seed type was classified as 2 types of pyramid shape and short pyramid shape, which showed 62.8% and 37.2% respectively. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 68 to 85 days with 73.7 days in the average and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 70 to 75 days, which occupied 46.7% (64 plant resources) of 137 germplasm. Days from seeding to physiological maturity showed the range from 109 to 124 days with 112.0 days in the average and the highest frequency proportion (60.6%) of it was the group from 111 to 115 days, while there were also occupied with 6.6% below 110 days and 5.1% over 120 days among 137 germplasm. Group from 181 cm to 190 cm of culm length showed the highest frequency proportion of 47.4%, whereas below 160 cm was the lowest occupancy of 2.9%. Spike length showed the range from 181 to 190 cm with 181.4 cm in the average and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 31 to 35 cm with the proportion of 54.0%. Number of grains per spike showed the range from 432 to 2,665 grains with 1,429.5 grains in the average and group from 1,200 to 1,400 grains per spike was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 20.4%. There were also occupied with 13.1% below 1,000 grains and 8.6% over 2,000 grains per spike among 137 germplasm.

수수 유전자원의 작물학적 특성

윤성탁,許震宇,張慶宇,김인숙,김태호,남중창 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회지 Vol.55 No.1

Crop characteristics of 179 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) resources collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Spike types of 179 sorghum resources were classified as 5 types of open-loose type, broom-tillering type, half broom-tillering type, extreme-compact type and compact type,of which broom-tillering type was the highest ratio of 38.0%(68 plant resources) of 179 germplasm. In the existence and nonexistence of spike awn in 179 sorghum resources,28.5% (51 plant resources) showed existence of spike awn,whereas the rest of 71.5% (128 plant resources) had no spike awn. Seed type was classified as 5 types, of which circle-shape showed the highest ratio of 43.0% (77 plant resources) and the lowest was inclined-circle shape by 7.3%(13 plant resources). Seed color was classified as 4 colors of brown, white, whitish brown, and yellowish brown, of which yellowish brown was the highest ratio of 84.4% (151plant resources) among them. Days from seeding to heading date showed the range from 67 to 88 days with the average of 77.4 days and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 76 to 80 days, which occupied 37.4% (67plant resources) of 179 germplasm. 179 sorghum resources showed high variation in the range of culm length with the average of 253.8 cm and group from 92 cm to 360 cm of culm length showed the highest frequency proportion of 20.6%(37 plant resources). Spike length showed the range from 15 to 49 cm with the average of 28.8 cm and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 31 to 35 cm with the proportion of 26.3% (47 plant resources), whereas the lowest was below 15 cm with the proportion of 0.6%. Days from seeding to physiological maturity showed the range from 110 to 146 days with the average of 125.5 days and the highest frequency proportion (39.7%) of it was the group from 111 to 115 days, while there were also occupied with 2 plant resources below 110 days and 23 plant resources over 141 days among 179 germplasm. Number of grains per spike showed the range from 163 to 4,532 grains with the average of 2,068.6 grains and group from 1,601 to 2,000grains per spike was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 25.7% (46 plant resources). 1000 grains weight showed the range from 10.6 to 38.1g with the average of 25.6g and group from 26.0 to 30.0g was the highest frequency distribution with the proportion of 44.1% (79 plant resources). 수년 동안 국내 전역에서 수집된 수수 179 유전자원을 공시하여 작물학적 특성조사를 통한 품종육성의 기초자료를제공코자 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수수의 수형은 산수형, 소경수수형, 반소경수수형, 극밀수형, 및 밀수형의 5가지 수형이 존재하였으며, 수형별빈도를 보면 소경수수형이 38.0%(68자원)로 가장 많았으며,극밀수형 및 밀수형이 각각 16.2%, 7.8%로 가장 적었다. 2. 수수 이삭의 까락 유무는 28.5%(51자원)가 까락을 갖고 있었으며, 나머지 71.5%(128자원)는 까락이 없는 것으로 분류되었다. 3. 종실형태는 43.0%(77자원)가 원형으로 가장 많이 차지하였으며, 편원형이 7.3%(13자원)로 가장 적었다. 종피색은 황갈색이 84.4%(151자원)로 가장 많았으며, 갈색 및 흰색이 똑같이 1.1%로 가장 적었다. 4. 수수 179자원의 출수소요일은 67~88일의 범위를 나타내어 변이폭이 컷으며, 평균은 77.4일이었다. 출수소요일의분포는 179자원 중 76~80일이 37.4%(67자원)로 가장 많았으며, 86일 이상도 5.6%이었으며, 70일 이전에 출수한 자원도 10.0%를 나타내었다. 5. 간장은 92~360 cm의 범위를 보였으며, 평균은 253.8 cm 로 변이의 폭이 컷다. 간장의 분포는 291~310 cm가 20.6%(37자원)로 가장 많았다. 6. 수장은 15~49 cm의 범위를 보였고, 평균 28.8 cm이었다. 수장의 분포는 31~35 cm가 26.3%(47자원)로 가장 많았으며, 15 cm 이하가 0.6%로 가장 적었다. 7. 생육일수는 110~146일의 범위를 나타내어 변이 폭이상당히 큼을 알 수 있었고, 평균은 125.5일이었다. 생육기간의 빈도는 111~115일이 39.7%(71자원)로 가장 많았으며,110일 이하와 141일 이상에 속하는 자원도 각각 2, 23자원이나 되었다. 8. 1수립수의 범위는 163~4,532개로 변이 폭이 상당히 컷으며, 평균은 2,068.6개 이었다. 1수립수 분포는 1,601~2,000개가 25.7%(46자원)로 가장 많았다. 9. 공시된 179 유전자원의 1000립중은 범위가 10.6~38.1 g 으로 변이폭이 컷으며, 평균은 25.6 g이었다. 1000립중의분포는 26.0~30.0 g가 전체의 44.1%(79자원)로 가장 많았다.

유용미생물 처리가 고추의 생육 및 과실성분에 미치는 영향

윤성탁,김영소,이명철,김인숙,Yoon, Seong-Tak,Kim, Young-So,Lee, Myung-Cheol,Kim, In-Sook 한국유기농업학회 2012 한국유기농업학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on growth, yield and fruit nutrient contents of two cultivars ('Muhanjilju' and 'Daetong') of hot pepper. The number of injection of EM cultivated are 6 times from the pepper plant seedlings until harvested in both cultivars. Stem girth was highest in the treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum whereas lowest in no EM control. In 'Muhanjilju', the number of branches was highest (79.3) in the treatment of Bacillus subtilis whereas in 'Daetong' was highest (119.0) as treated with Lactobacillus plantarum. Yield of the red hot pepper fruits that sum of two varieties was highest in the treatment of Rhodopseudomonas capsulatas (53.1kg FW per 10a). Regardless of EM treatments, average yield was 8% higher in 'Daetong' than is 'Muhanjilju' (33.8kg vs 31.2kg per 10a). The incidence of antracnose was lowest by the Rhodopseudomonas capsulatas treatment, which led to the highest yield. As for the effect on fruit mineral nutrients, total N and phosphorus concentrations were highest in the treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis in both varieties, respectively. The highest content of total carotenoids was obtained from the treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum in both varieties.

조 유전자원의 작물학적 특성

윤성탁,허진우 한국국제농업개발학회 2008 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

Crop characteristics of 136 foxtail millet (Setaria italica BEAUVOIS) resources collected in South Korea were investigated in order to establish basic informations for crop breeding. Spike types of 136 genetic resources were classified as 5 types (conical, clavate, fusiform, cylindrical and top diverge). Among them, conical type was showed the highest percentage (41.2%). Seed of 136 resources was yellow color. Spike color of 136 genetic resources were classified as 6 colors (dark brown, light brown, red brown, yellow, yellowish brown and yellowish white). Yellowish white color showed the highest percentage( 33.8%) among them. Leaf color of 136 genetic resources were classified as 6 colors (brown, dark green, green, green brown, light green and light brown). Green color was showed the highest percentage( 44.9%) among them. Culm length showed a wide variation from 112cm to 183cm (average is 153.8cm) and spike length from 17.7 to 41.2cm (average is 24.1cm). Days from seeding to heading date and days from seeding to physiological maturity were showed the range from 63 to 111 days (average is 90.3 days) and the range from 119 to 149 days (average is 117.7 days) respectively. Number of grains per spike and 1000 grain weight were showed the range from 2,197.0 to 16,980.0 grains (average is 5,839.1 grains) and from 0.6 to 3.1 g (average is 1.79g) respectively. Days from seeding to heading date and days from seeding to physiological maturity showed highly significant positive correlation coefficient with culm length, while those were significant negative correlation coefficient with 1000 grain weight.

삼지구엽초 적정 재배환경에 관한 연구

윤성탁,이동진,김성민,이은섭 한국작물학회 2006 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

재식밀도 및 파종기 이동에 따른 기장(Panicum miliaceum L.)의 분얼발생 양상 및 생육 특성

윤성탁,한태규,정인호,김영중,유제빈,양경,예민희,한광섭,백승우,김순일,이명철,김건우 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.4

The subject of this experiment is to supply basic data to inhibit non-productive tillers which are uneconomical for mechanical harvesting and to evaluate optimum planting density and sowing date in central district. Total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers according to different planting density was higher in 80 ㎝ ridge than 60 ㎝ ridge in proso millet. The wider between plant distance on the ridge, the more increased total number of tillers and effective first and second of tillers. The highest effective tillers (91.7 %) in the first tillers was obtained from the second sowing date (23 May) among different sowing date and next is in the order of 3 rd (13 June, 89.8%) > 1 st (2 May, 85.6%) > 4 th (4 July, 85.2%). The percentage of effective tillers in the second tillers was decreased in the order of 2 May (53.7%), 23 May (40.7%), 13 June (22.2%), 4 July (0%) as the sowing date was delayed. There was no significant difference in days to heading and days to ripening according to different planting density. Although culm length was increased as planting density was increased, whereas number of tillers, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and 1000 grain weight was decreased. In the growth and yield characteristics of proso millet according to different sowing date, days to heading and days to ripening, culm length, stem diameter, ear length, grains per ear and yield per 10a were decreased. After the sowing date of 13 June, the reduction of growth and yield characteristics were higher because of excess-moisture injury.

답전윤환에서의 조, 수수, 기장 및 벼의 생육 및 수량

윤성탁,김영중,정인호,한태규,유제빈,예민희,조영손,강항원 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

In order to develop optimum paddy-upland rotation system, we evaluated the 1st and the 2nd upland growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum rotated from paddy field and rice rotated from upland in paddy-upland rotation. Average number of ears per hill was 3.3 in the 2nd upland cultivation. The value was greater by 1 ear as compared to 1st upland cultivation (2.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 220.3 kg, 23% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (179 kg per 10a). In average number of ears per hill, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 8.3 ears, increased 4 ears compared to the 1st upland cultivation (4.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 152.8 kg, 16.8% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (130.8 kg per 10a). In average days from seeding to heading of 5 sorghum varieties, there were no significant difference between the 1st (68.6 days) and the 2nd (67.4 days) upland cultivation rotated from paddy field. In the average number of grains per ears, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 2,931.6 grains per ear, 12% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (2,619.6 grains per ears). Average yield per 10a of sorghum in the 2nd upland cultivation showed 242.3 kg, 4.6% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (231.7 kg per 10a). In growth and yield characteristics of rice in paddy-upland rotation, culm length in paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 82.9 cm, 7.3 cm longer compared to the continuous rice paddy field (75.6 cm). Ear length was also 1 cm longer than that of the continuousrice paddy field. In average number of ears per hill, paddyupland- paddy plot showed 25.0 ears, 4.3 ears more than that of the continuous rice paddy field (20.7 ears per hill). In average yield of rice per 10a, the paddy-upland-paddy rotation plot showed 526.8 kg, 9.8% higher yield compared to the continuous rice paddy field (479.9 kg per 10a). Keywords : foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum, rice, paddyupland rotation 잡곡의 안정적 생산체제 마련을 위한 답전윤환 최적 모델개발의 일환으로 답전윤환에 있어서 논으로부터 밭1년과밭2년차 재배에 있어 조, 수수, 기장과 벼연속구와 논-밭-논윤환구의 벼의 생육 및 수량특성을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조의 4품종 평균 출수소요일은 밭1년차에는 76.3일 소요되었으나, 밭2년차는 평균 70.5일 소요되어 약 6일정도 출수소요일이 짧았다. 포기당 이삭수는 밭1년차가 평균 2.2이삭이었으나, 밭2년차는 평균 3.3이삭으로 포기당 1이삭이 증가하였다. 10a 당 수량은 밭1년차가 179 kg이었으나, 밭2년차는 220.3 kg을 나타내약 23% 증수하였다. 2. 기장 4품종의 평균 출수소요일 67일 소요되었으나, 밭2년차 기장은 평균 64.8일 소요되어 밭1년차에 비해밭2년차가 약 2일 일찍 출수하였다. 포기당 이삭수는밭1년차에서 4.2이삭이었던 반면 밭2년차에서는 평균8.3이삭으로 약 4이삭이 증가하였다. 10a 당 평균수량은 밭1년차는 130.8 kg이었으나, 밭2년차는 152.8 kg으로 16.8% 증수하였다. 3. 수수의 경우 5품종 평균 출수소요일은 밭1년차 68.6일소요되었으며 밭2년차는 평균 67.4일 소요되어 큰 차이가 없었다. 수당립수는 밭1년차는 2,619.6립 이었으며, 밭2년차는 평균 2,931.6립으로 약 12% 증가하였다. 10a 당 평균 수량은 밭1년차는 231.7 kg으나, 밭2 년차 평균수량은 242.3 kg으로 4.6% 증수하였다. 4. 벼연속구와 논-밭-논 윤환구에서의 벼의 생육 및 수량특성을 보면 출수기는 차이가 없었다. 간장은 논연속구 75.6 cm에 비해서 논-밭-논 윤환구가 82.9 cm로7.3 cm 컷으며, 수장도 논연속구에 비해 논-밭-논 윤환구가 1 cm 컷다. 포기당 이삭수는 논연속구가 20.7이삭, 논-밭-논 윤환구는 25.0이삭으로 논연속 윤환구에비해 윤환구가 4.3 이삭 많았다. 10a당 수량은 논연속구가 479.9 kg, 논-밭-논 윤환구는 526.8 kg으로 연속구에 비해 윤환구가 9.8% 높았다.