모바일 응용프로그램에서 콘텐츠 인터랙션에 관한 연구

조수양 국민대학교 테크노디자인전문대학원 2022 국내박사

과학 기술의 지속적인 발전에 따라 사회 과학 분야도 발전하고 있습니다. 디지털 장치는 사람들의 삶에서 필수적인 부분이 되었습니다. 디지털화의 급증과 함께, 사용자들은 개인 모바일 장치나 디자인 미디어 플랫폼을 통해 방대한 정보를 축적하고 저장합니다. 이 정보에는 사용자가 생성한 컨텐츠가 포함되어 있습니다. 이는 일상 디지털 장치의 하드웨어에 저장될 수 있으며, 사용자가 장치의 운영 체제를 기반으로 접근하고 관리할 수 있습니다. 또한 이는 소셜 미디어 플랫폼이나 서비스 제공업체가 제공하는 온라인 서버에 저장되고, 다른 응용 프로그램에서 적용될 수 있습니다. 세계적으로 수십억명에 이르는 인터넷 사용자를 고려할 때, 사용자가 생성한 컨텐츠의 양은 시간이 지남에 따라 계속해서 증가하고 있습니다. 이러한 컨텐츠를 합리적이고 효율적인 방식으로 사용자가 참여하도록 하는 것은 다양한 서비스 제공업체가 직면한 도전 과제입니다. 이 논문은 모바일 응용 프로그램에서의 컨텐츠 상호작용 디자인을 조사하고, 컨텐츠 상호작용 디자인에 대한 효율적인 프레임워크와 혁신적인 방법을 제안하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 본 논문은 심리학적 모델과 개념적 모델 등의 관련 이론에 대한 개요를 제공합니다. 또한, 터치 친화적 정보 디자인 프레임워크에 대한 연구를 수행하고 모바일 장치의 컨텐츠에 대한 이론적 정의에 대해 고찰합니다. 중국, 한국, 미국 등 여러 국가의 30개 인기 애플리케이션에서의 컨텐츠 상호작용 분석을 기반으로, 본 논문은 컨텐츠 상호작용 디자인 프레임워크를 제안합니다. 그 후, 본 논문은 모바일 애플리케이션 리스트 정렬에서의 대화형 디자인의 고통점에 대해 연구하고, 긴 리스트 상호작용에서의 부동 버튼에 대한 디자인 솔루션을 제시합니다. 제안된 디자인을 검증하기 위해 실험 테스트를 진행하고, 데이터 분석과 결과를 제시합니다. 총 129명의 참가자를 대상으로 한 실험과 시스템 사용성 척도(SUS) 설문지를 사용한 사용성 테스트를 통해, 새로운 상호작용 방법이 더 나은 사용성을 보여준다는 것을 확인했습니다. 결론적으로, 이 연구는 모바일 애플리케이션을 위한 콘텐츠 상호작용 디자인 프레임워크를 제안하며, 이는 모바일 콘텐츠 상호작용 디자인에 종사하는 디자이너에게 더욱 명확한 디자인 개념과 방법을 제공하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 공유 음악 애플리케이션을 예로 들어, 디자인 프레임워크를 기반으로 한 새로운 상호작용 방법들이 목록 내 콘텐츠 조직의 상호작용을 최적화하는 데 더 좋은 결과를 가져오며, 이 장점은 데이터 콘텐츠의 양이 증가함에 따라 더욱 두드러지게 됩니다. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the field of social sciences is also progressing. Digital devices have become an essential part of people's lives. Alongside the rise of digitization, users accumulate and store a wealth of information through personal mobile devices or design media platforms. This information includes a massive amount of user-generated content. It can be stored on the hardware of everyday digital devices, allowing users to access and manage it based on the device's operating system. It can also be saved on social media platforms or online servers provided by service providers, and can be applied in other applications. Considering the billions of internet users worldwide, the amount of user-generated content continues to accumulate over time. How to enable users to engage with this content in a rational and efficient manner is a challenge faced by various service providers. This paper aims to investigate the design of content interaction in mobile applications and propose an efficient framework for content interaction design, along with innovative methods for content interaction. The paper begins by providing an overview of relevant theories such as psychological models and conceptual models. It also conducts research on touch-friendly information design frameworks and delves into the theoretical definition of content in mobile devices. Building upon the analysis of content interaction in 30 popular applications from China, South Korea, the United States, and other countries, the paper proposes a content interaction design framework. Subsequently, the paper focuses on studying the pain points of interactive design in mobile application list sorting and presents a design solution for a floating button in long list interactions. To validate the proposed design, experimental tests are conducted, and data analysis and results are presented. Through experiments involving a total of 129 participants and usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, it is determined that the new interaction method exhibits better usability. In conclusion, this research proposes a content interaction design framework for mobile applications with the aim of providing designers involved in mobile content interaction design with clearer design concepts and methods. Using a shared music application as an example, the study demonstrates that the new interaction methods based on the design framework yield better results in optimizing the interaction of content organization in lists, and this advantage becomes more significant as the quantity of data content increases.

A Framework for Retrieving and Summarizing Trendy Multimedia Contents in SNS Environment

Daehoon Kim 고려대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

With the flood and popularity of various multimedia contents on the Internet, searching for appropriate contents and representing them effectively has become an essential part for user satisfaction. So far, many contents recommendation systems have been proposed for this purpose. A popular approach is to select hot or popular contents for recommendation using some popularity metric. Recently, various social network services (SNSs) such as Facebook and Twitter have become a widespread social phenomenon owing to the smartphone boom. Considering the popularity and user participation, SNS can be a good source for finding social interests or trends. In this study, we propose a platform called TrendsSummary for retrieving trendy multimedia contents and summarizing them. To identify trendy multimedia contents, we select candidate keywords from raw data collected from Twitter using a syntactic feature-based filtering method. Then, we merge various keyword variants based on several heuristics. Next, we select trend keywords and their related keywords from the merged candidate keywords based on term frequency and expand them semantically by referencing portal sites such as Wikipedia and Google. Based on the expanded trend keywords, we collect four types of relevant multimedia contents—TV programs, videos, news articles, and images—from various websites. The most appropriate media type for the trend keywords is determined based on a naïve Bayes classifier. After classification, appropriate contents are selected from among the contents of the selected media type. Finally, both trend keywords and their related multimedia contents are displayed for effective browsing. We implemented a prototype system and experimentally demonstrated that our scheme provides satisfactory results.

Research on growth mechanism of platform ecosystem

이창준 서울대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

The smart-revolution restructured the previous industrial organization and started the new ICT ecosystem, which consists of four layers: content, platform, network, and device (represented by the acronym C-P-N-D). Recently, platform providers (PPs) have been increasing their value by being the intermediary between content providers (CPs) and users. However, as the platform ecosystem grows in size, the likelihood of unfair contracting between PPs and CPs may increase. This sudden growth of the platform ecosystem may cause problems of platform openness. In addition, giant platforms may cause CPs to seek only short-term profits by discouraging them from retaining their uniqueness. This problem is further amplified by the users when they stop exploring for specific content or information that they want. The negative feedback caused by the phenomena could greatly reduce content diversity and limit the users’ choice of content. Finally, the lack of idea pools would hinder CPs from coming out with creative content, which is the energy for sustaining the growth of a platform ecosystem. Most studies hitherto have focused on individual actor’s strategy, but little effort has been put into trying to understand the growth mechanism of the platform ecosystem and the role that PPs play in platform openness, especially with regard to diversity and creativity of CPs. This dissertation aims to find the mechanism of sustainable growth of a platform ecosystem and suggest the framework for platform ecosystem dynamics by examining three studies used to theoretically and empirically verify the hypotheses introduced in this dissertation. Chapter 3 focused on the relationship between platform openness and productivity of CPs using stochastic frontier analysis and meta-frontier analysis. By comparing two representative open and closed platform ecosystems, the analysis helped to figured out how platform openness, as the degree of strictness in content selection, influences the productivity of CPs. The results indicate that the closed platform ecosystem achieves a higher average efficiency within the ecosystem than the open platform; however, the open platform achieves a higher efficiency than the closed platform in terms of meta-frontier. This means that platform openness may help CPs achieve higher efficiency in the long run. Chapter 4 focused on the influence of giant platforms on content diversity and how the study found the evolutionary mechanism of platform ecosystems by using a simulation. The major findings are as follows. First, the users’ active will to find alternative sources of content may aid in the recovery of decreased content diversity. Second, the ratio of CPs that retain their uniqueness of content to all CPs is positively correlated with internal diversity. When consumers start actively trying to find their hidden needs by diversifying their source of information, CPs may also try harder to meet the users’ hidden needs by retaining their uniqueness. Third, high content diversity influences the increasing peak point of average performance of the whole platform ecosystem. In other words, content diversity is the source of creativity, which is an important factor for a platform ecosystem to grow sustainably. Chapter 5 focused on the co-evolution and evolutionary trajectory of a platform ecosystem. The analysis was conducted by drawing a map of the platform ecosystem network based on consumer preference in Korea from 2010 to 2013. By considering the characteristics of each year’s network topology and analyzing the changing trends of each node’s centralities, network evolution can be understood. The result of the experiments supported a conclusion that the platform ecosystem evolved from PP and CPs’ effort to adopt the shaken technological environment and users’ selection. In addition, each user had not only formed a distinctive media repertoire, but the media repertories also contained a great deal of similarities as well. These similar repertories can be grouped into several communities. Therefore, in order to create value in the platform ecosystem, PP, CPs, and even users need to cooperate with each other. Through three studies, this thesis suggests the sustainable growth mechanism of a platform ecosystem. As a platform opens the selection process, internal content diversity can be maintained and enable CPs to achieve long-term efficiency. Internal content diversity raises the probability of creating innovation which could meet the consumer’s hidden needs, thereby providing energy to the whole ecosystem. In addition, openness of a platform influences the CPs’ will to retain uniqueness of content indirectly and this willingness increases content diversity. Also the users’ will may increase the diversity of their source of information, and their repertoire plays a significant role in increasing internal content diversity. All of these processes are interdependent among the PPs, CPs, and users. Therefore, to achieve sustainable growth of a platform ecosystem, we need a holistic view of promoting the actors’ will and creating an environment where the value of creativity is appreciated. This thesis gives several managerial and policy implications. First, PPs should open their platforms technologically and compatibly. The selection process of CPs has driven long-term efficiency of their ecosystem. Second, content and application service providers need to focus on retaining their own uniqueness and increase their market power from the initial phase. Governments should also encourage CPs to create new content, which is the energy of growing a platform ecosystem by creating a failure-friendly atmosphere. This thesis proposes a new theory of the platform ecosystem dynamics academically and provides the philosophical base of public policy and strategy of firms by understanding the value of creativity and diversity for sustainable growth of the platform ecosystem.

스폰서 포스트의 콘텐츠 지향적 가치가 소비자의 구매의도에 미치는 영향 : 자기해석의 조절효과를 중심으로

정우흔 전북대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

In the era of digital technology, companies increase their attention paid to the role of social media. Owing to growing interest in social media, marketers, and researchers paid more and more attention to online social media, and have launched many kinds of research and strategies. Due to existed papers, researchers have confirmed that consumers prefer user-generated posts to brand posts, therefore, sponsored posts in the platform of social media have become a well-known marketing tool, being widely taken use of. Although the information provided by companies or sponsored by companies will be seen as lack of trustworthiness and credibility, if the content of a post is good enough, consumers won’t care about whether or not the post is sponsored. In this point of view, we put our chief emphasis where it belongs on posts’ contents. We proposed that content-oriented value of posts has an impact on consumers’ perceived brand equity and purchase intentions(Hypothesis 1-3). Apart from that, prior studies have shown the effect of self-construal on content persuasion. So that, we predicted the congruence between self-construal and content-oriented value could improve consumers' perceived brand equity and purchase intentions(Hypothesis 4-7). To test our hypotheses, we conducted an experiment in which respondents (N=375, 56.8% female) living in China participated in this study. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 program and Smart PLS 4.0 program. The results were shown as follows. First, both the two kinds of content-oriented value have a significant positive(+) effect on consumers' perceived brand equity and purchase intentions. Also, brand equity significantly mediated the effect of sponsored post content-oriented value on purchase intentions(Hypothesis 1-3 was supported). Then, we emphasized the moderating effect of self-construal. Specifically, for consumers with high interdependent self-construal, the effect of sponsored post emotional content-oriented value on brand equity and purchase intentions will get stronger. On the contrary, the effect of sponsored post functional content-oriented value on purchase intentions will get weaker. In the case of consumers with high independent self-construal, the effect of sponsored post emotional content-oriented value on brand equity and purchase intentions will get weaker. Oppositely, the effect of sponsored post functional content-oriented value on brand equity will get stronger(Hypothesis 5,6 was supported, and Hypothesis 4,7 was partially supported). Generally speaking, this study confirmed that content-oriented value of sponsored post, and an interaction of content-oriented value and self-construal have an effect on influencing brand equity and purchase intentions. Since so far, content marketing has gotten hold of great progress, however, there are few studies that pay attention to posts’ content type and the congruence between self-construal and content-oriented value among existed researches about sponsored post. Hence, this study has significance in that it examined the effectiveness of the congruence between self-construal and content-oriented value.

Content Discovery and Data Offloading in Information-Centric Networking : 정보 중심 네트워킹에서의 콘텐트 탐색 및 데이터 오프로딩

이문영 서울대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

현재의 인터넷은 자원 공유를 목적으로 호스트간 통신 패러다임에 기반하여 설계되었지만, 오늘날 인터넷 사용 패턴은 콘텐트 획득에 집중되어있다. 이러한 이유로, 대부분의 인터넷 트래픽은 비디오 서비스나 P2P 파일 공유와 같은 콘텐트 획득에 의해 발생하고 있는 상황이다. 하지만, 현재 인터넷의 구조와 실제 사용 패턴의 괴리는 비효율적인 콘텐트 전달 (예, 동일한 인기있는 콘텐트에 대한 중복된 콘텐트 전송)을 야기하고 있고, 이는 트래픽 폭발 문제로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 이슈를 다루기 위해 (i) 인터넷 구조를 새롭게 설계하거나 (ii) 데이터 오프로딩 기법을 통해 네트워크 트래픽을 줄이려는 시도들이 있다. 본 학위 논문에서는 정보 중심 네트워킹과 정보 중심의 차량 네트워크라는 두가지 영역에서의 트래픽 감소 기법에 대해 탐구한다. 첫 번째로, 정보 중심 네트워킹을 위한 트래픽 감소 콘텐트 탐색 기법을 제안한다. 정보 중심 네트워킹은 트래픽 폭발과 같은 현재 인터넷의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 초기 단계부터 인터넷 구조를 새롭게 설계하자는 방향으로 제안되었다. 정보 중심 네트워킹은 가까이에 존재하는 캐시된 콘텐트를 이용하거나 동일한 콘텐트 전송에 대한 중복된 전송을 줄이는 것을 통해 네트워크 트래픽 감소와 같은 이득을 제공할 수 있다. 하지만, 이전의 연구들은 이러한 캐시된 콘텐트를 이용하기 위해 기회주의적 캐시 일치 방식에 의존을 하고 있다. 이러한 방식은 콘텐트 소스로 가는 경로에 존재하는 캐시된 콘텐트만 이용할 수 있기 때문에 네트워크 곳곳에 있는 네트워크 내재 저장 공간을 충분히 이용하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 제안하는 기법인 SCAN은 네트워크에 산재된 캐시된 콘텐트를 더 잘 이용하기 위해서 가까이에 존재하는 캐시된 콘텐트를 탐색한다. 이를 위해 SCAN은 블룸 필터를 사용하여 주변 라우터들 사이에서 캐시된 콘텐트에 대한 정보를 교환한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 SCAN은 기회주의적 캐시 일치 방식의 기법에 비해 평균 홉 거리, 트래픽 양, 링크간 로드 분배에서 더 나은 성능을 보임을 알 수 있다. 다음으로, 정보 중심의 차량 네트워크를 위한 트래픽 오프로딩 기법을 제안한다. 무선 환경에서 급증하고 있는 모바일 트래픽은 모바일 네트워크 제공자에게 심각한 우려가 되고 있다. 이러한 트래픽 폭발 문제를 다루기 위해, 트래픽을 셀룰러 네트워크에서 WiFi 핫스팟이나 펨토셀과 같은 다른 네트워크로 오프로딩하려는 연구들이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 시도에서 더 나아가서 데이터 오프로딩을 위한 차량 네트워크의 잠재적 장점에 집중하여 차량 네트워크를 이용한 데이터 오프로딩 프레임워크인 DOVE를 제안한다. 제안하는 데이터 오프로딩 프레임워크는 차량 내 데이터 서비스를 위해 필요한 셀룰러 트래픽을 비용 효과가 높은 방식으로 감소시킬 수 있다. DOVE에서는 오프로딩을 목적으로 차량 이동 경로를 이용하고, 경제적인 비용 절감을 목적으로 차량에서 요청되는 콘텐트 파일들은 셀룰러 네트워크 대신 차량 네트워크를 통해 전달된다. 이를 위해 오프로딩 위치를 선택하는 문제를 시공간적 집합 덮개 문제로 만들고, 차량 이동 경로를 이용한 시간 예측 기반의 집합 덮개 알고리즘을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, DOVE 프레임워크는 차량 네트워크를 통한 오프로딩을 수행하여 57%의 셀룰러 링크 사용량을 크게 감소시킬 수 있다. While the architecture of current Internet was designed based on the host-to-host communication paradigm for resource sharing, today's Internet usage has been concentrated on content retrievals. As a result, most of Internet traffic is generated by the content retrievals, such as video service and P2P file sharing. However, the discrepancy between the current Internet architecture and the real usage pattern causes inefficient content deliveries (e.g., duplicated content transmission for the same popular content), which leads to traffic explosion problem. To address such issues, there have been a lot of efforts to reduce the network traffic by (i) redesigning the Internet architecture and (ii) proposing data offloading schemes. In this dissertation, we investigate traffic reduction schemes in two different domains, information-centric networking and information-centric vehicular networks. First, we propose a traffic-reduction content-discovery scheme for information-centric networking (ICN). ICN has been proposed to resolve the problem of current Internet such as traffic explosion by redesigning the Internet architecture in a clean-slate manner. ICN can provide substantial benefits such as network traffic reduction by exploiting a nearby (cached) copy of content and reducing duplicated transmissions for the same content request. However, prior studies usually rely on an opportunistic cache-hit (happen-to-meet) to utilize the cached contents. In the happen-to-meet fashion, only the content cached on the path towards the content source can be utilized, which limits the network-wide usage of the in-network storages. To exploit cached contents better, our proposed scheme SCAN discovers nearby content copies. SCAN exchanges the cached content information among the neighbor routers using Bloom filters for the content discovery. With extensive simulations, SCAN shows better performance than a happen-to-meet cache-hit scheme in terms of average hop counts, traffic volume, and load balancing among links. Next, we propose a traffic offloading scheme for information-centric vehicular network. In wireless environments, the increasing mobile traffic is becoming a serious concern for mobile network providers. To address the traffic explosion problem, there have been a lot of efforts to offload the traffic from cellular networks to other networks, such as WiFi hotspots and femtocells. Our work moves forward from prior studies by focusing on the potential benefits of vehicular networks for data offloading. In particular, we propose a Data Offloading framework using Vehicular nEtworks (DOVE), which reduces the cellular traffic for in-vehicle data services in a cost effective way. DOVE exploits vehicle trajectories for offloading purposes so that content files requested by vehicles can be delivered via vehicular networks rather than cellular networks for economical purposes. We formulate the problem of selecting offloading positions as a spatio-temporal set-covering problem, and propose a time-prediction based set-covering algorithm using vehicle trajectories. Simulation results show that our DOVE framework can significantly reduce 57% of cellular link usage by performing data offloading through vehicular networks.

브랜디드 콘텐트는 어떻게 마케팅 커뮤니케이션으로서 효과를 나타내는가? : 수용자 공감(empathy)의 매개효과를 중심으로

조흠진 연세대학교 언론홍보대학원 2018 국내석사

This study examines how branded content is able to draw positve customer’s attitudes (i.e., attitude towards the content, attitude towards the brand, and intention to share the content). In the last several decades, brand marketing has been matured (Hudson & Hudson, 2006). The brand marketing has been termed with a variety of labels, such as branded promotion, branded sponsorship, branded entertainment or branded content. Content could be ‘everything’ and it makes branded content contain all concepts and purpose of those various brand marketing(BCMA, 2016), which indicates the proper concept of branded content is not clear so far. This study, relying on experimental design, examines what branded content, as a new marketing communication with customers, is and how it could be effective. By conducting an experiment (N = 449), how customers’ attitudes towards the content and the brand and their intention to share the content differ and how the effect of brand content is mediated by triggering customer’ empathy. Results showed that Coca-cola’s branded content draws more positive attitude towards the content and customers’ intention to share the content, compared to persuasive ad message. Hyundai-card’s branded content has no direct effects on the three dependent measures with statistical significance. Such findings indicate that branded content will draw a positive customer’s attitude rather than persuasive ad only for Coca-cola company. However, I found out the significant mediating role of empathy on the effects of branded content on all three dependent measures. Results of mediation analyses indicate that evoking customers’ empathy is essential and important for successful marketing communication. Theoretically and practically, this study provides insights into how branded content influences the customers and the importance of the mediating role of customer’s empathy. 본 연구는 마케팅 메시지 유형(브랜디드 콘텐트, 일반광고 메시지)을 독립변수로, 수용자 공감을 매개변수로, 수용자 태도(콘텐트태도, 브랜드태도, 공유의사)를 종속변수로 하여 실제 사례 영상에 의한 실험 연구를 진행하였다. 이를 통해 기업의 브랜드를 활용한 새로운 마케팅 커뮤니케이션으로 주목받고 있는 브랜디드 콘텐트가 수용자 공감을 매개로 긍정적인 수용자 태도를 이끌어내는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 실험은 국외기업(코카콜라)와 국내기업(현대카드)의 실제 사례(브랜디드 콘텐트, 일반광고 메시지)를 가지고 무작위로 배치된 실험 참가자에게 응답을 구하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 실험에 사용될 영상의 선정과 조작검증을 위해 사전 전문가 평가를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 코카콜라 브랜드의 경우 브랜디드 콘텐트는 일반광고 메시지에 비해 종속변수인 세 가지 수용자태도(콘텐트태도, 브랜드태도, 공유의사) 중 콘텐트태도와 공유의사에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 현대카드 브랜드의 경우에는 브랜디드 콘텐트가 일반광고 메시지에 비해 수용자에 미치는 통계적으로 의미 있는 효과를 발견하지 못하였다. 이는 지역적인 차이(국내·국외)라기 보다는 두 기업 사이에 존재하는 브랜드 마케팅 경험과 브랜드 자체가 가진 영향력의 차이 때문으로 추론된다. 그런데 브랜드태도에 대해서는 코카콜라의 경우에도 현대카드와 마찬가지로 브랜디드 콘텐트가 일반광고 메시지와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의미한 효과의 차이를 나타내지 못했다. 콘텐트태도나 공유의사와 달리 브랜드태도는 짧은 시간에 즉각적인 수용자 반응을 통해 얻어내기 어려운 수용자 태도임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 장기적이고 전략적인 관점에서 소비자들로부터 일관되고 높은 충성도를 이끌어낼 수 있도록 기업 브랜드 마케팅이 이뤄져야 한다는 기존 연구결과(Wang & Tzeng, 2012; Wood, 2000)와도 일치한다. 마지막으로 수용자 공감이 수용자 태도 형성에 미치는 강력한 매개효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 에스칼라스와 스턴(Escalas & Stern, 2003)의 공감에 관한 연구를 참조하였다. 코카콜라의 경우와 현대카드의 경우 모두 브랜디드 콘텐트는 수용자 공감을 매개로 3가지 수용자 태도(콘텐트태도, 브랜드태도, 공유의사) 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 현대카드 브랜디드 콘텐트의 경우 공감을 경유하지 않았을 때는 긍정적인 수용자 태도가 나타나지 않았지만, 공감을 매개할 경우 긍정적인 수용자 태도를 이끌어내게 됨을 확인하였다. 코카콜라 브랜디드 콘텐트의 경우 공감을 경유하지 않았을 때는 긍정적인 브랜드태도가 나타나지 않았지만 공감 경유시, 긍정적인 브랜드태도를 이끌어 냄을 확인하였다. 즉, 브랜디드 콘텐트는 일반광고 메시지에 비해 긍정적인 수용자태도(콘텐트태도, 브랜드태도, 공유의사)를 이끌어 내는 데 있어 수용자 공감을 경유하는 것이 매우 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 브랜드 마케팅 관련 연구 또는 실무에서 ‘수용자 공감’을 중요하게 고려할 요인임을 잘 보여주고 있다.

Effect of Postharvest Treatments on Quality and Shelf Life of Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. ‘Unicorn’) during MA Storage

AdanechMelakuTaye 강원대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

Cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. ‘Unicorn’) is one of the highly perishable horticultural crops due to high water content and respiration rate. Postharvest treatments are required to reduce the product loss. Continuous application of 1-MCP and CO2; and MAP are used to reduce ethylene action and respiration rate which in turn have potential benefits for controlling ripening and maintaining the quality of fruits. In view of these, the experiments were done to assess the effect of different postharvest treatments and polyethylene film on quality and shelf life of cherry tomato during storage. Treatments were 1-MCP (control, 0.035 µL L-1 and 0.1 µL L-1), CO2 (control, 3% and 5%) and film thickness (40 µm and 30 µm (LDPE) and 30 µm (PE control) in pink and red maturity stages. Continuous application of different concentrations of 1-MCP did not affect titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) on both maturity stages of cherry tomato throughout the storage period. However, continuous application of 1-MCP at 0.1 µL L-1 significantly affected firmness, cell wall thickness (outer, middle and inner), Pectin (water soluble pectin), surface color and lycopene content, Vitamin C, weight loss, and physiological parameters (ethylene, acetaldehyde and ethanol production rate and respiration rate) in both pink and red maturity stages compared to 0.035 µL L-1 and control. 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP treatments kept the fruits firmer than 0.035 µL L-1 and the control throughout the storage period for both maturity stages. Cell wall thickness (outer, middle and inner) degradation in control treatment was higher compared to the 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP treated fruits in both maturity stages throughout the storage period. In case of pink maturity stage, outer cell wall thickness was reduced from initial 27.73 μm to 16.94 μm in the control and 25.45 μm in 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP treatments on 15 day. Similarly in red maturity stage outer cell wall thickness was reduced from 21.09 μm initial values to 14.07 μm and 19.86 μm in the control and 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP treatments, respectively on 15 day. 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP delayed lycopene synthesis peak in pink maturity stage. All treatments maintained lycopene content until 7th day of storage in red color, after 9th day, the lycopene content was highly decreased from 29 mg kg-1 to 8.70 mg kg-1 and from 28.40 mg kg-1 to18.71 mg kg-1 in the control and 0.035 µL L-1 treatment, respectively; whereas, at 0.1 µL L-1 treatment there was slight reduction from 33.22 mg kg-1 to 28.81 mg kg-1 at the end of storage period. Continuous application of different concentrations of CO2 did not affect total soluble solids (TSS) on both Pink and red maturity stages. However, CO2 at 5% was significantly affected the parameters considered like firmness, cell wall thickness (outer, middle and inner), vitamin C, titratable acidity (% in terms of citric acid), weight loss, color and lycopene in both pink and red maturity stage compared to 3% CO2 and control. 5% CO2 also suppressed the production rate of ethylene and respiration rate during the entire storage period. There was no significant difference between 3% CO2 and control treatment in most of the parameters. 5% CO2 treated fruits were firmer than control and 3% CO2. In pink maturity stage firmness was reduced from 9.80 N to 5.48 N and 9.80 N to 7.85 N in control and 5% CO2 treatment respectively. The higher the concentration of CO2 the higher was the firmness and cell wall thickness. In pink maturity stage weight loss was 0.013% for control, 0.012% for 3% CO2 and 0.012% for 5% CO2 treatment on 3 day and it increased to 2.66%, 2.60% and 1.49% in control, 3% CO2 and 5% CO2 treatments on 15 day respectively. Color development on pink stage of cherry tomato started on the 3 and 5 day in 3% CO2 and 5% CO2 treatments respectively. On the other hand in the control group color development was started on 5 day and reached its peak on 7 day. Similarly, red maturity stage, at 5% CO2 treatment was maintained better than control and 3% CO2 during storage period. However, 3% CO2 started earlier color development than control and increase slowly until it reached climacteric peak on 11 day. In pink maturity stage, lycopene content at 0 day was the same for all treatments and increased through time until it reaches the peak stage. It reached its peak stage at 7 (24.96 mg kg-1) and 11 (23.68 mg kg-1) day after treatment in control and 3% CO2 treatments respectively. Similarly, in pink maturity stage at 5% CO2 treated fruits lycopene content was showed increasing trend from 6.65mg/kg on 0 day to 20.65 mg kg-1 on 15 day. In case of red maturity stage, all treatments maintained lycopene content until 11 day of storage. The lycopene content was highly decreased from 28.31mg kg-1 on 11 day to 8.65 mg kg-1 on 15 day and 28.31 mg kg-1 on 11 day to 9.72 mg kg-1 on 15 day in control and 3% CO2 treatment respectively, while 5% CO2 maintained with slight reduction from 30.11 mg kg-1 on 11 day to 20.88 mg kg-1 on 15 day of lycopene content. Film thickness did not affect total soluble solids (TSS). Whereas, there was significant effect on TA, surface color, lycopene content, firmness, weight loss, ethylene production rate and respiration rate during the entire storage period. After the 3rd day, pink stage tomatoes packed with 30 µm (LDPE) and 30 µm (PE) showed fast color development and attained peak on 9th day with Hunter`s a* values of 9.69 and 9.02 respectively. Afterwards, there was discoloration in both type of films. Whereas, there was slow color development of fruits sealed with 40 µm (LDPE) and reached its peak (10.45) on 15th day in pink maturity stage. 40 µm (LDPE) also showed better quality maintenance compared to other films. It can therefore be concluded that cherry tomato (‘Unicorn’) can be stored for two weeks without losing quality on both maturity stages when 1-MCP (0.1 µL L-1) and CO2 5% were continuously applied as postharvest treatment. Moreover, the present study showed the possibility of exporting tomatoes harvested at red maturity stage to neighboring countries like pink maturity stage by using continuous application of 0.1 µL L-1 1-MCP and 5% CO2. Apart from avoiding formation of fog during storage, 40 µm LDPE film can be one of the best MAP film to meet consumers need and to prolong the time frame for buyers and sellers by keeping buyer’s interest and seller`s profit. Therefore, it would be nice for export purpose too, since no formation of fog and possible to look at the condition of the fruit while transporting. 방울토마토는 높은 수분함량 및 호흡량으로 인해 수확후 부패되기 쉬운 산물이기 때문에 손실을 줄이기 위해 수확후 처리가 요구된다. 수확후 처리방법 중 1-MCP, CO2처리 및 MA포장은 에틸렌생성 및 호흡 억제에 효과가 있다. 본 연구는 수확후 1-MCP및 CO2처리방법과 LDPE 필름을 이용한 MA포장이 방울토마토의 품질 및 선도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 처리조건은 1-MCP(대조구, 0.035 µL L-1, 0.1 µL L-1), CO2 (대조구, 3%, 5%) 지속처리 및 필름종류(40 µm (LDPE), 30 µm (LDPE), 30 µm (PE))와 같고 방울토마토 숙기(pink stage및 red stage)으로 구분하여 진행하였다. 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1 처리구는 경도, 세포벽 두께(외벽, 중벽, 내벽), 수용성 펙틴, 외관 색도 및 라이코펜 함량, 비타민 C, 수분 손실량, 생리적 요소(에틸렌, 아세트알데히드, 에탄올 생산량 및 호흡량)가 모든 숙기에서 타 처리구보다 더 좋은 결과를 나타냈다. 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1처리구는 저장기간 동안 타 처리구에 비해 높은 경도를 유지하였다. 저장기간 동안 세포벽(외벽, 중벽, 내벽) 분해는 대조구가 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1처리구보다 더 많이 분해되었다. Pink stage에서 외벽의 두께는 수확직후 27.73 μm에서 저장15일 대조구는 16.94 μm, 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1 처리구는 25.45 μm로 각각 감소하였다. Red stage에서는 21.09 μm에서 대조구와 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1 처리구가 저장15일 14.07 μm, 19.86 μm으로 각각 감소했다. Pink stage의1-MCP처리구에서는 라이코펜 합성이 지연되었다. 모든 처리구의 라이코펜 함량은 red stage의 경우 저장 7일까지 유지하였고, 9일이후 대조구는 29 mg kg-1 에서 8.70 mg kg-1으로 급격히 감소하였고, 1-MCP 0.035 µL L-1 처리구는 28.40 mg kg-1 에서18.71 mg kg-1으로 감소하였다. 반면, 1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1 처리구는 저장 종료일에 28.81 mg kg-1으로 조사되었다. CO2 5%처리구는 저장기간 동안 경도, 세포벽(외벽, 중벽, 내벽), 비타민 C, 적정산도, 수분손실, 색도 및 라이코펜 함량이 타 처리구보다 높게 유지되었고, 에틸렌발생량 및 호흡률은 억제되었다. Pink stage에서 경도는 수확직후9.80 N 에서 대조구는5.48 N, CO2 5%처리구는 7.85 N으로 각각 감소하였다. 본 연구에서CO2 처리농도가 높을수록 경도와 세포벽의 두께가 더 높게 유지되었다. 수분손실은 저장3일 무처리구 0.013%, CO2 3%처리구 0.012%, CO2 5%처리구 0.012%으로 각각 조사되었고, 저장 15일 2.66%, 2.60%, 1.49%으로 각각 증가하였다. Pink stage에서 색 발현은 CO2 3%처리구는 저장3일째에, CO2 5%처리구는 5일째에 시작되었다. 대조구는 색 발현이 5일에 시작되어 7일에 최고치를 보였다. Red stage에서도 이와 유사하였다. Pink stage에서 라이코펜 함량은 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하였다. 대조구 및 CO2 3% 처리구는 7일(24.96 mg kg-1), 11일(23.68 mg kg-1)에 각각 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. CO2 5%처리구는 수확직후 6.65mg/kg에서 저장 15일 20.65 mg kg-1으로 증가하였다. Red stage에서는 모든 처리구가 저장11일 까지 라이코펜 함량을 유지하였다. 저장 11일28.31mg kg-1 에서, 저장 15일 대조구는 8.65 mg kg-1, CO2 3%처리구는 9.72 mg kg-1으로 각각 크게 감소하였다. 반면, CO2 5%처리구는 저장15일 20.88 mg kg-1으로 타 처리구에 비해 감소폭이 적었다. 필름종류에 따른 품질변화는 수분손실, 호흡률, 에틸렌발생량, 경도, 산도, 색도 및 라이코펜 함량에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. LDPE 30 µm와 PE 30 µm (control)는 빠른 색 변화를 보였고, 저장 9일 9.69, 9.02으로 각각 최고 값을 나타냈고, 이후 변색이 진행되었다. LDPE 40 µm 필름은 다른 필름에 비해 색 발현이 더디게 진행되었고, 색도는 저장 15일에 최고 값에 도달하였으며, 저장기간 동안 다른 필름에 비해 품질유지가 잘 되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 방울토마토 ‘Unicorn’ 품종에서1-MCP 0.1 µL L-1및 CO2 5% 지속처리를 통해 10 ºC조건에서 저장 15일 동안 유통가능한 품질을 유지하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 지속처리를 통해 red stage의 방울토마토의 수출가능성을 제시하였다.

Evaluation of Effects of Varying Fines content in Monotonic and Cyclic Shear Behavior of Sand-Fine Mixed Soil

Bibek Tamang 강원대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

The soil in the natural state comprises of diverse coarse and fine-grained particles, making it difficult to classify the soil into sand and clay. In geotechnical engineering, the soil is classified into either sand or clay on the basis of fines content (FC) = 50%, and the design works are performed accordingly. Although it is known from the preceding studies that the plastic and non-plastic fines significantly affect the monotonic and cyclic behavior of sand, contradictory conclusions exist to date. Thus, the effects of varying fines content on the static shear strength and liquefaction resistance of the sand-fine mixed soil and its appropriate application in the design works are required. A set of experiment programs were carried out on samples with various mixing ratios of fines to evaluate the effect of plastic and non-plastic fines on the monotonic and cyclic behavior of sand-fine mixed soil. The experiments were carried out in a uniformly graded silica sand by applying various compaction energies to prepare samples of diverse relative densities. The monotonic triaxial test results manifest that the monotonic shear strength of sand-fine mixed soil, which contains both plastic and non-plastic fines, increases with increasing fines content (FC) up to 5 – 10% at constant compaction energy and decreases after that. This is inferred due to the secondary cushioning effect provided by fines at a low value of FC. Further addition of fines exceeds the void ratio of sand and causes the fines to separate the sand particles that decrease the friction resistance, and decrease strength. The cyclic triaxial test results show that the liquefaction resistance decreases as the fines content increases (FC = 0 - 20%) at the constant relative density, with the minimum value at FC = 20%. The plasticity index at FC = 20% is 4.36, and the soil exhibits clay-like behavior at fines content beyond 20%, and hence increasing liquefaction resistance is observed. It is considered that the void in the sand is almost filled with the fines at FC = 20%, and the sand particles are separated mutually at fines content greater than 20% showing the clay behavior. The plot of steady-state lines scatters for various fines contents and relative densities. The contribution factor (b value) was applied in the equivalent intergranular void ratio 〖(e_c)〗_eq to normalize this scatter. This corrected the scatter of void ratio, and contribution factor (b value) was computed for each fine. Further, the b value determined from the monotonic triaxial test results corrected the scatter of the void ratio in the cyclic triaxial test results. Further, a parametric study was carried out using an elastoplastic and elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model proposed by Oka (1999) to discern the sensitivity of monotonic and cyclic behavior of the mixed soil with variation in material properties. The results of the numerical simulation manifest that the undrained monotonic and cyclic behavior of the sand-fine mixed soil was simulated well by the constitutive model. The parameters were worked out by using the contribution factor (b value) computed through this study and the constitutive model. Thus, these conclusions can be used broadly in the design works of mixed soil. 자연 상태의 흙은 다양한 세립분이 혼재되어 단순히 모래와 점토로 명확하게 구분하기에는 어려움이 있으나, 지반공학에서는 흙 입자 크기에 따라 세립분 함유율 Fc=50%를 기준으로 모래 또는 점토로 대분류되고, 이에 대응하여 설계가 이루어지고 있다. 기존 연구에서 세립분은 소성/비소성 및 함유율에 따라 모래의 정적 및 동적 거동에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 아직 이에 대한 다양한 주장이 난립되어 명확히 규명되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 다양한 세립분 함유율(소성/비소성)이 모래의 정적 전단강도 및 액상화 저항성에 미치는 영향을 명확하게 정립하고 설계에 반영할 필요가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소성/비소성 세립분이 모래의 정적 및 동적 전단 거동에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 다양한 세립분이 함유된 공시체를 제작하였다. 실험에 사용된 재료로는 균일 등급의 규사에 다짐에너지를 적용하여 느슨한 상태부터 조밀한 상태까지 다양한 상대밀도를 구현하고, 모래의 상대밀도를 기준으로 소성 및 비소성 세립분을 각각 다양한 비율로 혼합하여 실험을 수행했다. 정적 삼축압축실험 결과, 일정한 다짐에너지 조건에서 모래-소성 세립분과 모래-비소성 세립분 혼합토의 전단강도는 세립분 함유율(FC) 5~10% 범위에서 증가하고, FC=10% 이상에서는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이는 FC가 낮은 범위에서는 모래의 간극내에 세립분이 충진되어 간극비 증가에 따른 2차 보강효과로 인해 강도가 증가되고, 모래의 간극을 초과하는 세립분이 함유되면 모래 입자가 이격됨에 따라 마찰저항이 감소하여 강도가 감소하는 것으로 판단된다. 반복 삼축압축실험을 통한 모래-세립분 혼합토의 액상화 저항강도는 동일한 상대밀도에서 세립분 함유율(0~20%)이 증가함에 따라 감소하여, FC= 20%에서 최소값이 나타났다. 이때, FC=20% 혼합시료의 소성지수는 4.36이고, 이보다 큰 세립분 함유율(소성지수)에서는 순수 점토와 유사한 거동이 나타나 액상화 저항성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 FC=20% 에서 모래의 간극에 세립분이 완전히 충진되고, FC=20% 이상에서 모래 입자가 상호 이격되어 점토의 고유 거동을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다. 모래-세립분 혼합토에서는 세립분 함유율과 밀도에 따라 다양한 간극비가 산재하므로, 이를 정규화시키기 위해 정상상태에서 등가골격간극비〖(e_c)〗_eq를 활용하여 모래 고유의 정상상태선(SSL)에 혼합토의 간극비를 이동 보정하여 세립분 종류 각각에 대한 기여율(b)을 산출하였다. 또한, 액상화 저항강도곡선에서도 모래 고유의 간극비를 정적 삼축압축실험에서 산출한 기여율(b)을 이용하여 혼합토의 등가골격간극비를 보정하는 것이 가능하였다. Oka et al.,(1999)이 제안한 탄소성 및 탄점소성 구성 모델을 사용하여, 혼합토에 대한 토질정수 특성 변화에 따른 흙의 정적 및 동적 거동 민감도를 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 모래-세립분 혼합토의 비배수 정적 및 동적 거동을 적절하게 모의할 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 통해 산출한 등가골격간극비〖(e_c)〗_eq의 기여율(b) 추세와 구성 모델을 활용하여 모래의 세립분 함유율에 따른 변수를 산정하였고, 이러한 결과는 혼합토를 대상으로 한 지반 설계에 폭넓게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

온라인 빅데이터 분석 기반 평생교육의 디지털콘텐츠 이용과 역할 연구

김은희 영남대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

The active introduction and utilization of digital content in lifelong education is essential for improving the quality of life of citizens and adapting to rapidly changing environments and lifestyles. Additionally, this is a significant issue closely related to occupational aspects. This study aims to explore the relationship between lifelong learning and digital content, proposing their usage and future roles in lifelong education, and to anticipate the direction of these trends in light of advancing digital content technologies. With lifelong education and digital content as the main keywords, this thesis focused on exploring the relationship between lifelong education programs development, digital content education programs development, and digital content education. This study is expected to provide various implications for government support policies, university policies, lifelong education industry, and revitalization of the digital content industry. The research findings are also deemed helpful in comprehending the diverse aspects of government policy directions, support systems, universities' transition to lifelong learning, understanding of digital content, and its significance. The methodology and structure of this study are outlined as follows: It adopts a quantitative approach, emphasizing online big data analysis. The study contains a literature review and a quantitative study centered on online big data. The analysis method employed combined semantic network analysis, a network analysis method, with topic analysis research. The TEXTOM platform was utilized for survey conduction, data collection, and data preprocessing. Analytical techniques encompassed word frequency analysis, TF- TF-IDF analysis, N-gram analysis, CONCOR analysis, and topic analysis using LDA. The research topics concerning the use and role of digital content in lifelong education are outlined as follows: The purpose of Research Question 1 is to investigate the role of lifelong education and the use of digital content in lifelong education through the characteristics of the keyword connection and structural patterns of lifelong education and digital content. In addition, it identifies the direction this trend will take along with the future development of digital content technology. Along with this, through the semantic network analysis and CONCOR analysis of Research Question 2, we identify the characteristics of groups in the semantic network analysis of lifelong education and digital content and how individuals within groups play a central role. In Research Question 3, time series data regarding the longitudinal relationship between lifelong education and digital content are collected and analyzed. This involves examining word similarities and employing QAP correlation analysis to assess statistical significance. Through this question, the relationship between lifelong education and digital content is identified. The topic analysis of Research Question 4 investigates what the nature of the relationship between lifelong learning and digital content are and what are the lifelong learning strategies. Question 4 conveys the connection between lifelong education and digital content. The structure and content of this study are summarized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, outlines the study's necessity and purpose, the research methodology, and its overall structure. Chapter 2 encompasses a literature review focused on lifelong learning and digital content. Additionally, Chapter 2 presents precedent research and formulates research questions concerning lifelong learning, digital content, and various analysis methods. Chapter 3 outlined the research subjects, variable definitions, procedures including data collection and preprocessing techniques, as well as the approach for data analysis. Chapter 4 provides a comprehensive summary of the research findings for each posed research question. Chapter 5 presents the interpretation and discussion of the research results, and Chapter 6 presents a summary, implications, recommendations, and limitations of the research results as conclusions and suggestions. The research results are summarized below. Initially, Research Question 1 investigated the characteristics of keyword connections and structural patterns in lifelong education and digital content. The findings revealed that 'digital', 'content', 'education', 'grade', and 'lifelong education' ranked highly in terms of related words and TF-IDF scores. In the N-gram analysis, the key sequences emerged as follows: 'academic year-semester', 'lifelong education-youth counseling department', 'university innovation project-academic year', 'digital content', and 'university innovation project-semester'. Centrality analysis indicated that 'digital', 'content', 'education', 'continuing education', and 'semester' were among the top five keywords. The semantic network analysis revealed that the majority of the top 10 keywords were strongly associated with lifelong learning and digital content. Second, in Research Question 2, the semantic network and CONCOR analyses revealed group characteristics, with network centrality analysis indicating that nodes with high centrality possess multiple direct connections and linkages to influential nodes. Furthermore, it was found that connection degree centrality, accessibility centrality, and carrier centrality exhibit a closely-knit relationship. These outcomes demonstrate a close correlation between digital content education and the top ten keywords in lifelong education, which include 'digital', 'content', 'education', 'lifelong education', 'semester', 'university innovation project', 'university', 'arts', 'programs', and 'artificial intelligence'. In addition, we can see that various cultural and arts programs and artificial intelligence related education to are relevant to universities, local governments, and government agencies. In particular, lifelong education was related to various fields and digital and content appear as key nodes. As a result of the CONCOR analysis, the clusters were classified based on distinct themes and roles: Cluster 1 as the online content development group, Cluster 2 as the industrial job support group, Cluster 3 as the digital content education group, Cluster 4 as the university program business group, and Cluster 5 as the digital content media marketing group. Additionally, Cluster 6 was identified as an industry-academia collaboration talent development group, Cluster 7 as a lifelong learning platform group, and Cluster 8 as a government and local government recruitment support group. These results demonstrate a close relationship between lifelong learning and digital content education, highlighting the interconnectedness among local communities, universities, and enterprises. Third, in Research Question 3, the use of digital content in lifelong education was examined through semantic connection and topic analysis. The correlation between these networks was substantiated using time series data analysis and Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) correlation analysis. A significant correlation was observed in the word frequency data for 'lifelong learning' and 'digital content', with a notably high correlation between these two terms. The time series analysis indicated that all words within the semantic network exhibited similarities. This analysis suggests that societal interest in digital content is dynamic and evolves over time. Fourth, the topic analysis of lifelong education and digital contents in Research Question 4 investigated the characteristics of the relationship with lifelong education strategies. This analysis led to the categorization of topics into four distinct groups, each named based on the highest frequency words: 'Lifelong Learning Operations', 'Digital Content Support Project', 'Content Creation', and 'University Innovation Project'. Notably, 'Content Creation' emerged as a significant topic, frequently appearing across the analysis These findings underscore the strong relevance between lifelong learning, digital content education, and university innovation projects. Furthermore, the widespread distribution of digital content across time and space in a network environment is identified as a critical factor in value creation in the new digital era. National governments, local authorities, and universities are formulating policies to develop and disseminate high-quality digital content, striving to establish themselves as digital content powerhouses. Additionally, the development of high-speed information networks and satellite broadcasting infrastructure is a testament to the effective distribution of high-quality digital content. The implications and contributions of this study are as follows: Firstly, this study underscores the necessity of actively integrating and utilizing digital content in lifelong education as crucial elements for enhancing the quality of life of citizens and adapting to the rapidly evolving life environment. They were also highly related to the occupational situation. Secondly, with the government's fifth innovation plan converging with universities, local governments, and businesses, the study highlights the growing need for customized educational programs, including the introduction of K-MOOC and AI education. It also emphasizes the increasing significance of digital content sales and exports as a key future industry requiring active support. Third, our understanding has improved in how the integration of digital content into lifelong learning affects learner engagement and learning outcomes. This provides valuable insights for education strategists and policymakers in designing and implementing more effective, comprehensive lifelong learning programs. Fourthly, the study stresses the necessity for a significant transition towards a lifelong education system within universities. It points out the limitations of universities focusing solely on the demands of enrolled students and the urgency to adopt innovative policies for curricular and extra-curricular courses that cater to adult learners and meet industry needs. Limitations of this study and future research include: Firstly, the prevalent occurrence of keywords like 'lifelong education' and 'digital content' during the analysis period suggests a high exposure rate, which was extendedly interpreted as necessarily consistent with quantitative growth. Secondly, the study faces constraints in broadening the interpretation of findings in areas deemed highly interconnected based on semantic network analysis, word frequency, TF-IDF, N-gram, CONCOR, and LDA topic analysis, particularly when utilizing social media online data. Third, it is believed that there are limitations in the naming of topics without the use of questionnaires, expert opinions, or interviews, which are typically employed in social science research, and in establishing cluster names through CONCOR analysis. Finally, a notable limitation of this study is its short-term scope, constrained by the limited time frame post-pandemic. We plan to continue to conduct related research. Future research plans include continuing related investigations, with an aim to augment these limitations by combining quantitative and qualitative research, including case analyses of digital content in lifelong learning education.

Effect of content-based instruction on English learning of Korean elementary students : a classroom-based study

이화경 韓國外國語大學校 敎育大學院 2007 국내석사

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using a Content-based instruction approach in the teaching of English to Korean elementary school students. Using a collaborative approach to content-based science material, students can acquire English abilities, not only to communicate, but also to use as a tool to comprehend the subject matter in classes. Content-based language instruction courses differ from traditional language classes in that they emphasize the exploration of themes and emphasize logical thinking, rather than focusing solely on the linguistic development. The hypothesis is that content-based instruction will ultimately lead students to express their ideas through increasingly sophisticated language. The study was conducted in a private institution in the summer of 2003. Three groups of students, six students per group, all attending second grade elementary school, were found to be of approximately the same level of English, as determined by a written pre-test. During the experiment, Group A used a regular EFL textbook published by a foreign publisher, and Groups B and C both used an American second grade science textbook. Group B’s instructional component differed from that of Group C in that it included practical science experiments. A post-test measuring acquisition of new vocabulary items was administered to all three groups. The results for Groups B and C showed that students’ achievement was higher than that of students in Group A. The performance of the students in Group B (those whose instruction included practical science experiments) showed similar results to those of Group C (the group who did not do practical experiments). Measurements of the students’ motivation followed the same pattern, i.e. no change for group A, some improvement for Group C and the most improvement for Group B. Incorporating content-based instruction into elementary school foreign language classrooms is the way of providing a meaningful context for language instruction while at the same time providing a vehicle for reinforcing academic skills. Using content-based instruction with hands on experiments will contribute to the motivation and ultimately to increased English language learning. My study has shown that, on the whole, the learning outcome through content-based instruction has been successful and that motivation to study English was increased in these young learners.