『표준국어대사전』의 문법 계열어 검토 - 조사, 어미, 접사 표제어를 중심으로 -

김지혜 한국사전학회 2024 한국사전학 Vol.0 No.43

본 연구는 『표준국어대사전』의 조사, 어미, 접사 표제어를 대상으로 계열 관계를 고려한 현재의 사전 처리를 검토하고, 문법 계열어의 일관되고 체계적인 사전 처리를 할 수 있는 정비 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 문법 계열어의 계열 관계를 고려한 사전 처리의 검토는 미시 구조 중 뜻풀이와 문법 정보를 대상으로 이루어진바, ‘뜻풀이’에서 일관된 처리가 요구되는 표제항과, ‘관련어의 뜻풀이’를 고려하여 체계성을 갖출 필요가 있는 표제항이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 ‘문법 정보’에서 ‘형식적 일관성’이 필요한 표제항과, ‘내용적 정확성’이 필요한 표제항이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 문법 계열어에 대한 정비는 세 가지 방향을 염두에 두어야 한다고 보았다. 첫째, 문법 계열어의 뜻풀이 수정은 이형태, 다의어, 동의어 등 관련어의 뜻풀이를 복합적으로 고려하여 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 문법 계열어의 문법 정보의 수정을 위해서는 국어학적 연구 및 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 셋째, 웹사전의 특성을 염두에 둔 정비가 필요하다. 본 연구는 문법 계열어의 검토를 주로 형식에 주목하여 검토하였다는 데서 한계를 지니나, 이 연구로 향후 문법 계열어의 문법적·내용적 검토를 수행할 수 있는 바탕을 마련하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. The purpose of this paper is to review the contents of the current dictionary considering the interrelated of josa, ending, and affix among the headwords listed in Pyojun Korean Dictionary, and to develop directions for writing a consistent and systematic dictionary of grammatical interrelated words. The dictionary review of grammatical interrelated words was conducted targeting definition and grammatical information among microstructures. As a result, it was found that there are entries that require consistent processing in the definition of grammatical interrelated words, and entries that need to be systematic by considering the definition of related words. In addition, we reviewed that there are entries that require formal consistency and entries that require content accuracy in the grammatical information of grammatical interrelated words. Accordingly, maintenance of grammatical interrelated words should be done in three directions. First, modifying the definition of grammatical interrelated words must be done by complexly considering the definitions of related words such as allomorph, polysemy, and synonymy. Second, modifying the grammatical information of grammatical interrelated words requires Korean linguistic research and review first. Third, it is necessary to maintain the characteristics of the web dictionary in mind. This study has limitations in that it mainly focused on the form of the review of grammatical interrelated words, but it is significant in that it serves as a basic study that can review the content of grammatical interrelated words in the future.

汉语字母词的类型分析

YU YUAN,한용수 국제언어문학회 2021 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.50

With the continuous development of society and the deepening of globalization, more and more foreign language forms of words appear in our daily lives. Words in this form are called letter words. The development of the network society has intensified the generation and development of letter words. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study such words. Previous studies held two opposite attitudes towards the definition of letter words. One is more open, thinking that as long as the words contain foreign letters, they can only be regarded as letter words. The other is more conservative, with only a few words that can be counted as Chinese alphabetic words. This study adopts the first opinion and conducts research on letter words on this basis. According to the different composition of letter words, they can be divided into four categories: First, pure foreign language words. Second, Chinese characters and foreign language compound words. Third, foreign language and digital compound words. Fourth, Chinese characters, foreign language, and digital mixed words. Among them, foreign capital letter words are generally recognized by the public, and their stability is high, while lowercase foreign letter words are mostly generated on the Internet, with low stability and low public recognition. The causes of letter words can be summarized as necessity, convenience, interest, and obscurity. Based on the classification of letter words, the reasons for their occurrence and the current usage in daily life, this study believes that it is necessary to standardize the use of letter words. The following five points can be adopted for specific normative methods: First, recognize status and treat differently. Second, intensify the research on letter words. Third, standardize the form of letter words. Fourth, formulate a code of conduct for specific goals. Fifth, carry out relevant education and training activities to enhance the awareness of norms.

자폐성장애 아동의 어휘적모호성 단어 정의하기

이희란 한국자폐학회 2012 자폐성 장애연구 Vol.12 No.2

Word definition skills are closely related with semantic development and metalinguistic skills in child language acquisition. The assessment of children’s word definitions can provide useful clinical information about how children use their lexical knowledge and the type of educational and clinical interventions. The present study was designed to compare the definition skill of ambiguous words between children with high functioning autism and children with low functioning autism. 22 children with ASD participated in this study. The children were asked to define using both meanings(a dominant and a subordinate meaning) of the presented 14 polysemous words. The definitions were analysed into six categories: functional, relational, perceptual, categorical, indicating, and variety of definition. The principal findings of the study were as follows: (1) HFA children’s variety of definitions had significantly more than the LFA in both the dominant and the subordinate meanings. (2) LFA group sticked to the indicating category compared with the HFA group. (3) The definitions with the subordinate meaning were poorer than the dominant meaning in both groups. The results indicated that the HFA group produce the verbal definition skill more than the LFA children. The results were discussed to reflect the HFA children’s deficiency in the cognitive flexibility. 본 연구에서는 자폐성장애 아동을 대상으로 어휘적모호성을 가진 단어에 대한 단어정의하기 능력을 우세의미와 열세의미에 따른 정의정확도와 정의유형 분석을 중심으로 비교하였다. 특히, 자폐성장애 아동 집단은 고기능자폐성장애와 일반 자폐성장애 집단으로 나누어 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 연구에 참여한 두 집단의 아동들 모두 전반적으로 우세의미와 비교해 열세의미 정의하기에서 정의정확도가 낮았다. 하지만 고기능자폐성장애 아동은 우세의미와 열세의미 모두에서 일반 자폐성장애 아동과 비교해 정의정확도가 높았으며, 이러한 차이는 통계적으로도 유의미하였다. 둘째, 고기능자폐성장애 아동은 일반 자폐성장애 아동과 비교해 우세의미와 열세의미 정의하기 모두에서 보다 다양한 정의유형을 사용하여 단어를 정의하였다. 또한 우세의미 정의하기에서 분류와 정의다양도의 정의유형에서 자폐성장애 아동과 비교해 통계적으로 유의미하게 높은 수행을 보였다. 반면, 열세의미에서는 관계와 분류개념의 정의유형에서 높은 수행을 보였다. 마지막으로, 정의유형 빈도에 따른 순위를 살펴보면, 두 집단 모두 전체 정의유형 가운데 기능적 정의를 가장 많이 사용하였으나, 고기능자폐성장애 아동은 그 다음 정의유형으로 관계(관련실체)정의를, 자폐성장애 아동 집단은 물리적 정의 중 속성을 가장 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는, 고기능자폐성장애아동이 하나의 단어를 하나 이상의 의미로 사용하는 인지적 융통성이 부족하다는 사실을 시사하는 것으로 보인다.

학령기 단순언어장애 아동의 동음이의어 정의하기

신문자(Moon Ja Shin),이희란(Hee Ran Lee) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.1

본 연구에서는 정의하기 과제를 통해 학령기 단순언어장애아동의 동음이의어 표현 특성을 살피고자 하였다. 동음이의어 표현 과제는 단순언어장애아동의 의미론적 결함을 살펴볼 수 있는 적절한 도구이며, 이들이 학교생활에서 학업을 수행하고 교실담화에 참여하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 방법: 학령기 단순언어장애 15명과 어휘력검사 결과를 일치시킨 일반아동 집단 15명을 대상으로 15개의 동음이의어 단어들의 전체 정의정확도, 우세의미와 열세의미 각각에 대한 정의정확도, 그리고 정의유형에 대해 두 집단의 수행을 비교하였다. 결과: 첫째, 단순언어장애아동은 일반아동과 비교해 동음이의어 전체 정의정확도에서는 수행이 낮았지만 이러한 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다. 우세의미와 열세의미를 개별적으로 비교한 정의정확도에서도 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이는 없었으며 두 집단 모두 우세의미에서 보다 더 높은 수행을 보여주었다. 셋째, 집단 간 정의유형을 분석한 결과, 정의정확도와 마찬가지로 우세의미에서 두 집단 모두 정의유형 산출이 더 많았으며, 우세의미와 열세의미에 따른 집단 간 정의유형의 차이는 없었다. 우세의미와 열세의미 정의유형을 합하여 집단 간 차이를 비교한 결과, 집단 간 차이는 없었으며, 정의유형 산출은 두 집단 모두 물리>기능>관계>분류 순으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구는 학령기 단순언어장애아동의 의미론적 능력 평가에서 동음이의어 정의하기의 질적 분석의 중요성을 시사하며, 특히 단어 선정, 그리고 품사별 분석에 대한 후속 연구의 필요성이 제기되었다. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate flexible word definition in Korean school-aged children with specific language impairment (SLI). Flexible words are those with one phonological form but two or more distinctive meanings. Methods: Fifteen children with SLI (SLI group) and fifteen vocabulary ability-matched typically developing children (TD group) participated in this study. The children were asked to define both mean¬ings (a dominant and a subordinate meaning) of the presented 15 polysemous words. The definitions were categorized into four types: functional, relational, physical, and classifica¬tional definitions. Results: The SLI group exhibited lower performances than the TD group on the definition task, but the two groups were not significantly different. The subordinate meaning definitions tested lower than the dominant meaning in both groups. SLI children used significantly fewer types of definitions than the TD group in both the dominant and subordinate meanings, but the two groups’ scores were not significantly different. Conclu¬sion: The results indicated that SLI children have similar verbal definition production skills with language age-matched typically developing children. They tend to rely more on domi¬nant definitions whereas lexical ambiguity expressive strategies were available to the typi¬cal developing children. Flexible word definition is considered useful for assessing the vocab¬ulary knowledge of school-aged children with specific language impairment.

자극제시 방식에 따른 학령기 지적장애 학생의 단어 정의하기 특성

홍숙의,최상배 국립특수교육원 2019 특수교육연구 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of the stimulus methods on the word definition characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities during school years. To identify the purpose of this study, a task was taken to define words in 10 school-age children living in North Chungcheong Province and words were presented in two ways. The difference between the ability to define and the type of definition according to the presentation of auditory stimuli and the presentation of visual and auditory stimuli, the results are as follows. First, the ability to define in the presentation of visual and auditory stimuli was higher than the presentation of auditory stimuli. This means that children show the ability to better define when presented as a visual stimulus, picture cards. Second, the appearance of the four types of definitions, functional, relational, physical, and categorical, generally increased, but only showed significant differences in physical definitions. This means that picture cards, which are visual stimuli, contributed greatly to the frequency of appearance of physical definition types. According to the stimulus methods, there are significant differences in the definition characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities during school years. Thus, to improve the meaningful ability to define, the use of visuals is effective, and visuals presented as picture cards are particularly relevant to the physical characteristics of the target. 이 연구의 목적은 자극제시 방식에 따른 학령기 지적장애 학생의 단어 정의하기 특성을 알아보는 것이다. 자극제시 방식으로 청각적 자극제시와 시·청각적 자극제시 방식을 사용하였고, 연구 대상은 충북 지역에 거주하는 학령기 지적장애 학생 10명이었다. 연구 결과, 단어 정의하기는 청각적 자극으로 단어를 제시했을 때보다 시·청각적 자극으로 단어를 제시했을 때 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 청각 자극뿐만 아니라 실물카드로 시각적인 자극을 함께 제공할 때 지적장애 학생이 시각적인 정보를 파악하여 정의하기를 더 잘하였다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 단어 정의하기 하위 유형에서도 청각적 자극과 시·청각적 자극 제시의 차이를 확인한 결과, 기능적 정의, 관계적 정의, 분류적 정의에서는 시․청각 자극을 제시하였을 때 정의하기의 출현 빈도는 더 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 물리적 정의에서는 시․청각 자극을 제시하였을 때 정의하기 출현 빈도가 유의하게 높았다. 이러한 결과는 지적장애 학생이 단어를 정의하도록 할 때 청각 자극뿐만 아니라 시․청각 자극을 동시에 제공하는 것이 효과적임을 나타내며, 특히 단어의 물리적 특성을 정의할 때 시․청각 자극 제시가 효율적임을 나타낸다.

슬라브어 단일언어사전에서 공간 어휘의 의미기술 - “오른쪽”, “왼쪽”을 지시하는 슬라브어 어휘를 중심으로-

정정원 한국슬라브어학회 2019 슬라브어연구 Vol.24 No.2

The article examines the definitions of the Slavic words referring to “left” and “right” in Russian, Polish, Czech, BCS, and Bulgarian monolingual dictionaries. Many English and Korean monolingual dictionaries describe “Right” as “the side of your body that is to the east if you face the north” and “Left” as “the side of your body that is to the west if you face the north”. Those cannot be the best definitions because the explaining concepts “North”, “South”, “East”, “West” are more complicated and more abstract than the explained concepts “Left” and “Right”. Moreover, “North” and “South”, on their turn, are sometimes defined as “the right/left direction of your body, if you face the east” in many monolingual dictionaries, making a chain of circular definitions. On the other hand, Slavic and other European monolingual dictionaries share the similar definition of “Left”, describing it as “the side of the body where the heart is located”, which must have begun in Le Dictionnaire de l'Académie Françoise in the 18th century and expanded to other European language dictionaries because it is more intuitive and persuasive. As for “Right”, Russian dictionaries define it as “the side that is opposed to the left”, whereas many other Slavic and European monolingual dictionaries describe it as “the side of body where the heart is not located”. The latter description seems to be better and the “heart” also can function as a core concept in defining “Right”. Some Slavic dictionaries distinguish between “the absolute left/right side” with their own inner directions (e.g. the left/right hand, leg, eye, etc.) and “the relative left/right side” varying depending on the observant’s position (e.g. the left/right tree, street, person etc.), while others do not, though they differ in semantic and syntactic valency. The definitions of “the political left / right” are very similar in most Slavic monolingual dictionaries. The Slavic dictionaries written during the Cold War describe “the political right” with negative words, while using more neutral words in describing “the political left”. Some Russian monolingual dictionaries written or revised after the collapse of the Soviet Union continue to define “the political right” with non-neutral words, such as “hostile to the progress (враждебный прогрессу)” and “reactionary(реакционный)”, though now in Russia, “the political left”, such as the Russian Communist Party (КПРФ), oppose to new social and political changes and propose retrospective, reactionary policies. Historically, “Right” obtained positive connotations in Slavic language as well as in many other languages, while “Left” – negative connotations, because the overwhelming majority of people are right-handed. The Slavic dictionaries describe “Right”s derived positive meanings, such as “guiltless”, “correct”, “just”, “genuine”, “noble”, “legal”, etc. and “Left”s derived negative meanings, such as “secondary”, “illegal”, “clumsy”, etc. above all, with the help of their synonymous adjectives¸ but this kind of description is undesirable, because it can cause a circular definition. Though the fixed phrases, idiomatic expressions and derived forms are very important element in a dictionary that can help the users expand their vocabulary, they are added after the given word’s definition only in the Great Dictionaries such as the 17-volumed Russian dictionary БАС and the 15-volumed Bulgarian dictionary РБЕ, and 19-century Russian dictionary СД, and sometimes they even lack the proper definitions.

일반노년층의 단어정의하기 과제의 실시방법

김수련,김향희 한국자료분석학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study is to settle the problems that word definition tasks have been conducted utilizing inconsistent administration methods. Number of times presenting instructions, time limit for defining a word, and scoring method were investigated to find the proper way to reveal word defining ability of the elderly. First, when the task instructions were presented two times, most of the normal elderly could produce sufficient semantic features of target word. Second, the elderly could complete a word definition with in 30 seconds. Third, two scoring methods (0-3 point scoring vs. total score) were compared among four age groups (55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and over 85 years old). The 0-3 point scoring did not show the difference between 55-64 and 65-74 years old groups, but the total scoring demonstrated a significant difference among all age groups. As cognitive abilities such attention and memory deteriorate with aging, the language task for the elderly should show the age-related changes. In particular, the task should be sensitive to the performance of young-old elderly (55-74 years old) for early diagnosis and prevention of age-related diseases. It is worthwhile to note that this study identify the guidelines for administration methods of word definition task for elderly people. 본 연구는 일반노년층을 대상으로 실시되고 있는 기존의 단어정의하기 과제의 실시방법이 비일관적이라는 제한점을 보완하고자 진행되었다. 일반노년층을 대상으로 지시문의 제시 횟수, 한 단어를 정의하는 데 소요되는 제한시간 및 채점방법을 분석하여 노년층에게 적합한 실시방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 지시문의 제시 횟수를 살펴보면, 지시문이 두 번 제시될 때 노인들은 단어에 대한 충분한 정의내용을 산출할 수 있었다. 다음으로 일반노인들은 한 단어를 정의하는 데 평균 19.31(±9.23)초를 소요하여 30초 이내에 단어를 정의할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 과제의 채점방법은 단어의 정의내용을 주요 의미자질과 부수 의미자질로 분류한 후, 0-3점으로 채점하는 방법과 총점으로 계산하는 방법을 비교하였다. 55-64세, 65-74세, 75-84세, 85세 이상의 네 집단의 과제 수행률을 비교한 결과, 0-3점 채점방법은 55-64세와 65-74세의 차이를 보여주지 못했지만 총점의 채점방법이 모든 연령집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보여주었다. 노인 대상의 언어 과제는 노인성 질환의 조기 진단 및 예방을 위해 연소노인(55-74세)의 반응에 민감해야 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 노년층을 대상으로 실시되는 단어정의하기 과제의 실시방법에 대한 지침을 마련하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

『설문해자』와 한글 워드프로세서 한자사전의 심부(心部) 한자 뜻풀이 비교 연구

김은희 ( Kim Eunhee ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.86

This paper examines the Chinese characters with Radical 心 in a comparative analysis on definitions in Shuowen Jiezi (Daxuben) and the representative meaning and senses of meaning in the Chinese dictionaries provided by Hangul word processor (HWP) with the aim to fathom the continuity of the definitions of Shuowen Jiezi to the present day. As to Chinese character dictionaries, those provided by HWP and MS Word have been analyzed - HWP’s Chinese character dictionary, in particular, for its relative abundant information on the entry words. For the study, the Chinese characters with radical 心 are divided into two categories: the characters whose definitions in Shuowen Jiezi are ‘handed down’ and ‘not handed down’ in the dictionaries of Hangul word processors. Then the results of a quantitative analysis have been presented with focus on those Chinese character with Radical 心 that have different the representative meaning from the definitions in Shuowen Jiezi. The analysis shows that a considerable definitions of the Chinese characters with Radical 心 contained in Shuowen Jiezi are used as the first definition item in HWP’s Chinese character dictionary and handed down in either perfect or imperfect preservation. There were 161 out of 263 (61.2%) Chinese characters with Radical 心 that have identical definitions of Shuowen Jiezi and HWP Chinese character dictionary’s representative meaning. Including those that are identical with the successive definition items in HWP Chinese character dictionary, the number increased to 187 out of 263 characters (71.2%). And, to include those that have similar definitions of Chinese characters with Radical 心, there were 216 characters or 82%. By this research result, we see a potential in utilizing HWP Chinese character dictionary in translating the definitions of Shuowen Jiezi in Korean.

국어사전의 관련어 추천 방식 연구 : ‘우리말샘’ 철학 분야를 중심으로

감미아 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2023 서강인문논총 Vol.- No.68

This study was conducted to effectively recommend related words for the entries in a Korean dictionary. To achieve this, researcher analyzed the dictionary data from ‘Urimalsam’ and devised a recommendation method using a total of 3,343 philosophical entries. Among the various metadata elements in ‘Urimalsam,’ researcher utilized the ‘word definition’ and ‘related vocabulary’ categories. After performing morphological analysis of the word definitions, the research went through a data refinement process. Through this process, this study derived a correlation coefficient among the entries using 3,519 word definition elements acquired through this process. Based on the degree of similarity between entries, this study developed a recommendation method. Then conducted an analysis by comparing the ‘related vocabulary’ presented in ‘Urimalsam’ with the recommended vocabulary generated by this method. For the experiment, the study randomly selected two cases from the entire field of philosophy where ‘Urimalsam’ had ‘related vocabulary’ and two cases where it d id not. Then the study analyzed the recommendation results. This method was predominantly recommending the related words provided in ‘Urimalsam’’s ‘related vocabulary.’ Furthermore, a significant number of entries that were deemed highly relevant to the entries and were not listed in ‘Urimalsam’ were also appearing prominently in the top ranks. Through this, the study anticipated that this research technique would contribute to reducing the number of manual steps required for selecting related words. However, it was apparent that the specific nuances of relevance were not indicated, and in cases where the word definitions were subtle, there might be a need for additional manual review, as sometimes less relevant entries were also recommended. To overcome these limitations, the study proposed the following approaches: the continuous updating of ‘Urimalsam,’ simultaneous utilization of other specialized dictionaries, utilizing various metadata elements, machine learning, and attempting the use of TF-IDF within the word definitions.

Definition Sentences Recognition Based on Definition Centroid

김권양(Kweon-yang Kim) 한국지능시스템학회 2007 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

This paper is concerned with the problem of recognizing definition sentences. Given a definition question like "Who is the person X?", we are to retrieve the definition sentences which capture descriptive information correspond variously to a person's age, occupation, or some role a person played in an event from the collection of news articles. In order to retrieve as many relevant sentences for the definition question as possible, we adopt a centroid based statistical approach which has been applied in summarization of multiple documents. To improve the precision and recall performance, the weight measure of centroid words is supplemented by using external knowledge resource such as Wikipedia and redundant candidate sentences are removed from candidate definitions. Vie see some improvements obtained by our approach over the baseline for 20 IT persons who have high document frequency.