보행친화성을 고려한 도시 웨이파인딩(Wayfinding) 사인시스템 연구

장혜진 ( Haejin Chang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.1

(Background and Purpose)Among the elements that compose urban design, a signage system is the element strategically used by big cities to create an attractive image and an urban identity. The concept of “wayfinding” for an efficient walking environment has attracted increasing interest as urban spaces have rapidly diversified, and walkability has become a major element in advanced cities. Therefore, developed countries actively process urban wayfinding signage systems. Studies of the wayfinding signage systems of urban environments in big city spaces have been conducted, focusing on government projects; however, academic studies remain at the fundamental level. Therefore, this study aims to propose guidelines for establishing urban wayfinding signage systems after assessing the significance of such systems in an efficient walking environment and studying successful cases in foreign cities. (Methods)This study reviewed major concepts by analyzing theses and related documents on wayfinding and signage systems. As this study aims to suggest instructions for establishing an urban wayfinding signage system that considers walkability, WalkNYC of New York, Legible London of London, Bristol Legible City of Bristol, Legible Sydney of Sydney, and Minato Mirai 21 of Yokohama were selected as successful cases of wayfinding signage. (Results)Matters to consider for urban wayfinding signage systems include planning, design, and implementation. First, the planning phase includes content design that considers the history and context of the city, research on pedestrian behavior and pedestrian routes, identification of suitable sign locations, strategies for wayfinding, design guidelines for the wayfinding signage system, and feedback from the community and stakeholders. Second, the design phase considers legibility, aesthetic impression, consistency, identity, and universality. Third, the implementation phase considers continuous maintenance and measurement of walkers` satisfaction in experiencing wayfinding. (Conclusions)The urban wayfinding signage system has become a major element of urban environments that enhances the quality of life in the new information era. In theoretical and case studies in general, to ensure effective walkability, an urban wayfinding signage system must consider the synergy of physical, cognitional, behavioral, visual, and psychological elements by reflecting the aspects of a city, its walkers, and all stakeholders. To reflect such integrated aspects, management measures at the city level must be more than merely as a short-term project for visible performance; measures must continue long term and systematically achieve step-wise targets.

공공시설에서의 이용자 Wayfinding 행태 연구

김신혜 ( Kim Shinhye ),김호월 ( Kim Howol ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2011 한국디자인포럼 Vol.31 No.-

점점 복잡해지고 거대해지는 공공시설 내에서 사용자들의 공간 내 효율적 이동을 위한 wayfinding 행태에 대한 연구의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 빌딩 내 공간에서의 wayfinding 과정에서 사용자들이 느끼는 심리적 반응을 파악하기 위해, 근거이론에 입각하여 사용자 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 특히 사용자들이 wayfinding 실패했을때의 행태와 심리에 주목하고, 그 경우 공간에 대한 어떤 반응을 일으키는지 확인하였다. 그 결과 공간에 대한 부정적 심리반응 뿐만 아니라 구매 포기, 재방문 기피 등의 직접적 거부반응도 확인되었다. 또한 공간내 wayfinding에서 중요요소인 사인에 대한 평가와 반응을 파악하였고, 사용자가 느낀 문제점에 대해 조사하였다. 성공적인 wayfinding 시스템 구축을 위해서는 사용자 관점에서의 디자인, 이용자의 이동 경로 파악, 주변 환경과의 조화, 사인 시스템 정보의 구조적 질서 및 일치성 확립, 정보의 공간 순응성 및 유동성, 시스템 디자인시 실제 이용자의 적극적 참여가 필요하다고 결론지어졌다. The importance of the research on the wayfinding behavior for the users` efficient locomotion in the complex large public buildings is getting emphasized. In this research, we performed in-depth interviews with users in order to grasp the psychological reaction which users` display through the wayfinding process in the public building spaces. We made our special attention on users` behavior and psychological reaction in the case of wayfinding failure situation and checked on the users` reaction toward the building space itself. As a result, not only negative psychological reaction, but also the direct behavioral reaction such as the refusal of purchase, avoidance of revisit were observed. Also, the assessment and reaction on sign, one of the important elements in wayfinding, of users were researched as well as the common problems the users` feel. We concluded that wayfinding system design from the users` perspectives, grasp of users` route in the building, harmony within the environment, establishment of logic tree and consistency of information of sign system, adaptability and flexibility of information about the building space, and positive participation of the actual users in the building during the wayfinding design process are required.

코엑스몰에서의 시각적인 길찾기 단서에 따른 보행자의 길찾기에 관한 연구

정지석,박혜경 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.11

The purpose of this study is to know what are the pedestrians' behaviors to find their ways in a large-scale interior space(like the COEXMALL). It is very important that architectural designers should know pedestrians' behaviors in particular spaces. Specially, Behaviors about wayfinding must be considered when designers plan a large, internal, splendor space.At first, we surveyed papers and studies on wayfinding and behaviors. And then the investigations of pedestrians' behaviors about their wayfinding have been proceeded in a weekends( Saturday and Sunday ). Results as follows : It was hard to find wayfinding cues(for example, like signs) because of various visual informations. Mainly commercial signs affected pedestrians' wayfinding. About their wayfinding, it was more critical phase how often pedestrians visits and experienced such spaces than anything else. Moreover we know that pedestrians cannot always differentiate necessary signs from commercial signs correctly. Because commercial signs are more stimulant and colorful than signs for their wayfinding. This survey show that designers should plan the spaces considering to pedestrians' behaviors and control wayfind cues(like visual informations, commercial signs as well as color, form and lighting etc.) in a large-scale interior space. In order to do so, researchers will have to study on various wayfinding cues through concrete and various method sooner or later.

실내 환경의 길찾기 요인에 관한 연구 - 비상 상황에서의 길찾기 요인 프레임워크 제안 -

주가의(Chia Yi Chou),조지영(Ji Young Cho) 한국주거학회 2023 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.34 No.6

Wayfinding plays an important role in healthy and efficient use of indoor environments. An environment that is not suitable for wayfinding brings negative impact to human health and wellbeing. During emergency evacuation, there are unpredictable variables in wayfinding. Thus, there is a need for comprehensive review of wayfinding factors in both normal situations and emergency situation to understand the accurate wayfinding process. This study aims to identify wayfinding factors in normal and emergency situation through a synthesis review of existing empirical studies. This research reviewed 30 empirical articles on wayfinding in domestic and international journals and divided them into normal situations and emergency situations, and analyzed them in terms of two wayfinding factors: environmental factors and user factors, modified from Jamshidi & Pati’s (2020) indoor environmental factors. The research results show that (1) signs was the most important environmental factors in wayfinding, (2) emergency situations mostly focus on user factors, (3) signs and navigation patterns were found to be the most important factors in normal situations and emergency evacuations, respectively. Finally, a framework of wayfinding factors for emergency situations was proposed.

Wayfinding을 고려한 공공시설의 사인 시스템

김신혜 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.2

With the complexity of today's public buildings, the importance of the sign system based on the “wayfinding” design has been more emphasized. Wayfinding design affects on user's emotional and functional state as well as the matter of safety in the setting. Wayfinding is the spatial problem solving process, and it comprises 'cognitive mapping', 'decision making', and 'decision executing'. There are two types of users in the environmental cognition: linear organization and spatial organization. In addition, they are divided into two other types: people who solely depend on signs and who perceive the given setting relying on their minds. In order to make the successful wayfinding design, designers should be able to satisfy all of these types. Designers also need to consider the wayfinding difficulties and various disability situations of users. In order to predict the wayfinding behavior of the user in a setting, it is necessary to figure out the physical movement and spatial organization of the user by developing the decision diagram which makes it possible to identify the optimum location of information display. The consideration has to be made in the development of sign system based on wayfinding would be: the decision point in the wayinding process, the characteristics of the setting which affects on the user group, efficient way of verbal/nonverbal communication, design consistency, color usage, the relationship with architectural setting, design flexibility, durability and maintainability, and its role as the visual element in the environment. Graphic designer needs to be involved in the development of the sign system at the early stage of the architectural planning. It is also required that all the personnel, in addition to designer, should recognize the importance of the effective sign system based on wayfinding and make best effort for the better system.

종합병원 외래진료부 진로인지계획 모형에 관한 연구

한기중,이특구 한국의료복지시설학회 2007 의료·복지 건축 Vol.13 No.2

Recently, hospital patients experience anxiety, confusion, and stress about wayfinding as the spacial layout and treatment circulatory system of hospitals have become complicated due to their oversized and complex structure. As part of finding a solution to the problem, this study seeks to examine what are the essential elements of the wayfinding planning of O.P.D. in general hospitals, to develop the model of wayfinding, and to suggest the methods of improving the wayfinding system. The research methods of this study adopted were literature review in wayfinding cognition, plan analysis of ten general hospitals, space analysis of these hospitals through space syntax, analysis of the system of visual-perceptual information through a field study, and analysis of surveys and follow-up surveys conducted to support the results. Based on these results, the proposals for finding decision points, providing the information, and developing a model planning are listed as follows. 1) The comprehensive understanding of O.P.D. spacial layout and the visual-perceptual information system is necessary to find the essential elements of wayfinding. 2) The decision points are found through the full understanding of spacial functions, circulation systems, and facility configuration, considering the spacial layout, the bound of the visual-perceptual information system, and the circulatory system. Furthermore, the information decision points could be confined by space syntax. 3) The checklist and color compound & color codes, developed through the planning of signage system and color system could be applied to the methods of providing the information. 4) The planning of wayfinding system according to the whole process of practices for outpatients was mentioned above. The system of visual-perceptual information developed through the process of this study should be integrated in the spacial layout of the whole O.P.D.

테마파크의 시설배치유형이 길찾기 난이도에 미치는 영향 -가상현실공간기법의 적용-

오훈성,최승담 한국관광학회 2013 관광학연구 Vol.37 No.6

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between types of facility layouts on the difficulty of wayfinding in theme parks utilizing virtual reality techniques. Two hypotheses were formulated: 1) A radial facility layout in theme parks is easier for visitor's wayfinding than a circular facility layout and 2) The influence of types of theme park layouts on visitor's difficulty for wayfinding differs depending on visitor's ability for wayfinding. To test the hypotheses, experiments were conducted utilizing a virtual reality technique. Two virtual theme park spaces, featuring the two types of facility layout were formulated. Other variables, such as total length of route and types of facilities, were identical. After the experiment, each student's level of wayfinding ability was measured through a questionnaire. The statistical analysis supports the two hypotheses, meaning types of theme park facility layout influence the visitors difficulty for wayfinding, and there was a relationship between types of facility layout and visitor ability for wayfinding. The limitations of this study were identified and future research suggestions were made. 본 연구의 목적은 테마파크의 공간인지에 영향을 주는 시설배치 유형과 길찾기 난이도의 관계를 가상현실공간기법을 적용하여 규명하는데 있다. 관련 문헌의 분석을 통하여 시설배치, 공간인지, 길찾기에 대하여 고찰하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 가설을 설정하였다. 본 연구의 가설들은 첫째, ‘테마파크 시설의 배치유형중 방사형 구조에 의한 시설배치가 순환형 구조에 위치한 시설배치보다 길찾기가 용이하다’이며, 둘째는, ‘테마파크 시설의 배치유형이 테마파크 길찾기 난이도에 미치는 영향은 평소 길찾기 능력에 따라 다르다’이다. 가설의 검증을 위하여 가상현실공간 기법이 활용되었는데, 유사한 면적 및 시설 구성하에서 테마파크 배치방식에 있어 전형적으로 사용되는 방사형과 순환형의 가상공간현실이 조성되었다. 실험에서는 테마파크 시설배치 유형인 방사형 구조와 순환형 구조에 각 50명씩 개별적으로 측정하였다. 실험 종료 후 참가자의 평소 길찾기 능력을 묻는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 가설을 검증하기 위하여 이원분산분석을 실시하였다. 가설검증결과 두 개의 연구가설이 지지되었다. 테마파크의 시설배치유형이 길찾기 난이도에 영향을 미치고, 영향도는 개인의 길찾기 능력에 다른 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 한계와 함께 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다.

길찾기 과정에서 실내색채계획이 환경 명료성과 색채 기여도 인지에 미치는 영향

민영희,하미경 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.6

Wayfinding problems due to repetitive symmetries often occur in geometrical building shapes of hospitals, public buildings, and schools. Color has powerful influence on our perception and cognition to convey visual information contributive to wayfinding and environmental legibility. This research aimed to investigate the possibility of enhancing subjective architectural legibility and perceived color contribution by contrasting interior schemes, yet maintaining harmonious color properties as a whole. Participants explored one of twelve different virtual environments, simulating three different geometrical wards and four interior color schemes. After navigating virtual space, participants evaluated the environmental legibility and color contribution to wayfinding. Environmental legibility was evaluated in seven aspects, simplicity, differentiation, describability, memorability of structure and scene, orientation, and systematicity of layout in 7-point Likert scale. Color contribution was assessed in three items, differentiation by colors, orientation by colors, and systematic organization by colors. In results, main color scheme effect was significant in differentiation, describability, and orientation in assessing legibility. Color scheme affected color contribution to wayfinding significantly by differentiating environment, enhancing systemacity and orientation by color. Among four color schemes, monochromatic(chromatic-achromatic) color scheme with complementary accent colors between zones was perceived as the most contributive color scheme to wayfinding and subjective environmental legibility. 종합병원이나 학교, 공공건물 유형에서 특징적으로 나타나는 기하학적인 건물형태는 그 반복적이고 대칭적인 구조로 인해 실내에서의 길찾기에서 방향감각을 상실하는 요인이 되곤 한다. 색채는 인간이 환경을 지각하고 인지하는데 있어서 강력한 시각정보로, 이러한 상황에서 환경의 명료성을 증진시킬 수 있는 수단이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 건물에서 전체적으로 조화로우면서도 구역 간의 대비되는 실내색채계획을 통하여 사용자들이 건축적 명료성과 색채가 길찾기에 도움이 된다고 느낄 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 참가자가 기하학적 특성이 다른 3개의 종합병원 병동평면에서 색채계획을 달리한 가상공간을 직접 탐색하고 길찾기 과제를 수행한 후에 환경 명료성의 정도와 색채가 길찾기에 기여한 정도를 7점 척도의 설문으로 평가하도록 하였다. 환경 명료성은 단순성, 차별성, 설명용이성, 구조와 장면의 기억용이성, 방향감각, 배치의 체계성의 측면에서 평가되었다. 색채의 기여도는 색채에 의한 차별화, 방향감각과 체계성의 측면에서 평가되었다. 그 결과 색채조합에 따라 차별화, 설명용이성, 방향감각의 증진의 측면에서 환경 명료성 평가의 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 색채에 따라 차별화와 방향감각, 배치의 체계성 모든 측면에서도 길찾기에 기여하는 정도가 유의미하게 차이가 있었다. 환경 명료성을 가장 높이고 길찾기에 가장 도움을 준 색채계획은 구역 내에서 무채색과 함께 단일색상으로 강조색이 쓰이고 구역 간의 강한 보색 대비로 쓰인 색채계획으로 나타났다.

길찾기(Wayfinding) 관련 국내 연구동향 분석

김영주(Kim, YoungJoo) 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.6

The purpose of this study was to identify the research trend trough content analysis of the previous researches on wayfinding issues in the field of spatial design in Korea. Total 91 research articles published in domestic academic journals form 1991 to 2015 were collected through the online search and analyzed using descriptive statistics. As conceptual framework for content analysis, research article publication year, academic field based on journal title, research methodology, target space for analysis, and type of research purpose were included. The major findings were as follows. Substantially, wayfinding research in Korea was begun in 1990s and peaked in the latter half of 2010s. Healthcare facilities including hospitals and nursing homes were most frequently analyzed as target space, i.e., research subject. Majority of the researches analyzed were published in the diverse journals of design area. In many cases, qualitative research methods such as spatial construction analysis using Space Syntax, field study, observation, interview, etc were used by the researchers frequently, It was found that the majority of researchers focused on behavioral and psychological response of space users in the process of wayfinding. For further study, it is recommended to extend the scope of analysis to sign system which support effective wayfinding. In addition, foreign academic journal articles should be included for in-depth analysis.

복합상업시설 길찾기(Wayfinding)에 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경요소 분석

황지연(Hwang, Ji-Yeon),신경주(Shin, Kyoung-Joo) 한국실내디자인학회 2011 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

The Commercial Complex recently appears given that the more varieties we seek for in metropolitan culture, the more enormous commercial places became. As such a noticeable development of commercial place, we face the problem of finding the appropriate way to reach our destination and thus, the loss of time and economic loss could be occurred. With this regard, we point that the purpose of the subject research is figuring out the most effective way to be reached at our destination in the Commercial Complex and the preliminary database which would be helpful therefor. The Times Square located Yeongdeungpo in Seoul was chosen as the object of the subject research (specifically the commercial way, square and atrium of The Times Square) since this location has a broad space structured with the complexity as well as a number of the floating population. The methods of this analysis are making the categories to analyze and studying the physical environmental factors which have an effect on wayfinding based on Weisman G. D’s environmental variable of wayfinding. The results of this analysis are as followings: even if the open Atrium located in the middle of the subject complex which could be find visually with no difficulty to make people approach easily, there aren’t many modern and simple detailed spaces so that it is hard to meet the need of the floating population in connection with finding their own ways. In addition, the signs in the subject complex are not readable for the floating population making them confusing even with no consistency. Therefore, the improvement of remarkable building structure and readability of signs is being expected to the effective wayfinding in the Commercial Complex.