Anti-ulcerogenic activity of virgin coconut oil contribute to the stomach health of humankind

Malarvili Selverajah,Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria,Kamariah Long,Zuraini Ahmad,Azhar Yaacob,Muhammad Nazrul Somchit 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2016 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.6 No.2

The aimed of the presence study was to determine the antiulcer potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO), either extracted by wet process (VCOA) or fermentation process (VCOB), and to compare their effectiveness against the copra oil (CO) using the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Earlier, the oils underwent chemical analysis to determine the free fatty acids composition, physicochemical properties and anti-oxidant capability. In the antiulcer study, rats (n = 6) were pre-treated orally for 7 consecutive days with distilled water (vehicle), 100 mg/kg ranitidine (positive group) or the respective oils (10, 50, and 100% concentration). One hour after the last test solutions administration on Day 7th, the animals were subjected to the gastric ulcer assay. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on the collected rat’s stomachs. From the results obtained, the chemical analysis revealed i) the presence of high content of lauric acid followed by myristic acid and palmitic acid in all oils and; ii) the significant (*p < 0.05) different in anisidine- and peroxide-value, percentage of free fatty acid, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity among the oils. The animal study demonstrated that all oil possess significant (*p < 0.05) antiulcer activity with VCOB being the most effective oil followed by VCOA and CO. The macroscopic observations were supported by the microscopic findings. Interestingly, all oils were more effective than 100 mg/kg ranitidine (reference drug). In conclusion, coconut oils exert remarkable antiulcer activity depending on their methods of extraction, possibly via the modulation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Hypocholesterimic Effects of Cold and Hot Extracted Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) in Comparison to Commercial Coconut Oil: Evidence from a Male Wistar Albino Rat Model

Yashi Srivastava,Anil Dutt Semwal,M.S.L Swamy 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.6

The hypolipidemic effect of cold extracted virgincoconut oil (CEVCO) and hot extracted virgin coconut oil(HEVCO) compared to commercially available coconut oil(CCO) was studied using male wistar rats. Groups weredesignated as control, hypercholesterimic control (HCControl), HC+10% (CEVCO), HC+15% (CEVCO),HC+10% (HEVCO), HC+15% (HEVCO) and HC+15%(CCO). Control rats were fed a basal diet while othergroups were initially fed a hypercholesterimic diet (2%cholesterol and 0.25% bile salts) for 15 days, then fed withCEVCO or HEVCO (both at 10% and 15% levels), andcommercial coconut oil (15%) for 30 days. Total cholesteroland LDL cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.05)decreased by approximately 25 and 40%, respectively, inthe blood plasma, while HDL cholesterol increasedsignificantly (p<0.05) by approximately 21% in HEVCOfed rats. Tissue cholesterol and triacylycerol (TAG) levelsin both liver and heart tissues decreased significantly(p<0.05) in CEVCO and HEVCO fed animals, comparedwith CCO fed rats.

코코넛오일을 첨가한 유화형 소시지의 정량적 묘사분석 및 기호도 연구

정윤식,이민수,윤혜현 (사)한국조리학회 2023 한국조리학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The aim of this study was to analyze the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of adding coconut oil to sausages. We produce to five types of sausage, that is CON (coconut oil 0 g), RC1(refined coconut oil 30 g, 50% pork fat), RC2 (refined coconut oil 60 g, 100% pork fat), EVC1 (extra virgin coconut oil 30 g, 50% pork fat) and EVC2 (extra virgin coconut oil 60 g, 100% pork fat) were investigated for sensory properties. Sensory properties test of coconut oil sausages were consist to QDA(quantitative descriptive analysis) by 9 panelists trained. QDA showed brightness, surface gloss, coconut smell, soap smell and after taste were increased by adding coconut oil significantly, but the pork smell, garlic smell, pepper flavor, roughness, graininess and dry chewiness were decreased significantly. Consumer acceptance carried out by 40 persons, showed that RC1, RC2 were preferred most but EVC1, EVC2 were not. The correlation between sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance was investigated by PCA(principal component analysis) and PLSR(partial least squares regression). PCA showed that first component was 80.78%, second component was 12.06%. PLSR results showed RC1, RC2 were closed to positive properties and consumer acceptance, but that EVC2 was far.

Comparative investigation into the anti-ulcer activity of virgin coconut oil and coconut oil in pylorous ligated animal model

Malarvili Selvarajah,Zuraini Ahmad,Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria,Hoe Siong Chiong,Yoke Kin Yong,Kamariah Long,Muhammad Nazrul Hakim 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 TANG Vol.5 No.4

This current study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of 2 types of virgin coconut oil (VCO-A and VCO-B) and coconut oil (CO). Sprague-Dawley of male rats divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of ten rats. Rats were then treated with either VCO or CO and then were then anaesthetized and pyloric ligation was performed. The anaesthesia was discontinued and the animal usually recovered consciousness within less than an hour. Three hours later, the animal was then again anaesthetized and sacrificed with chloroform. Stomach removed and its content subjected to measurement of volume and pH. The results revealed VCO-B and VCO-A (100%) significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the volume of gastric juice secreted by the control rats by 66.81% and 51.53%, respectively. Followed by CO 42.80%. While the inhibition of gastric juice for positive control rats which treated with ranitidine (100 mg/kg) was only 22.38%. The total acid output was reduced by the oils to 70.80%, 74.16% and 40.45% for VCO-A, VCO-B and CO respectively compared to control group. Ranitidine reduced the total acid output by 34.83%. In conclusion, prevention of gastric lesions in rats by VCO was found to increase the mucous and decrease the acid volume, total acid contents and ulcer scoring. The treatment of VCO affects the all parameters that influence the initiation and perpetuation of ulceration.

Enhanced barrier functions and anti-inflammatory effect of cultured coconut extract on human skin

Kim, Soomin,Jang, Ji Eun,Kim, Jihee,Lee, Young In,Lee, Dong Won,Song, Seung Yong,Lee, Ju Hee Pergamon 2017 Food and Chemical Toxicology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Natural plant oils have been used as a translational alternative to modern medicine. Particularly, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has gained popularity because of its potential benefits in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications. Cultured coconut extract (CCE) is an alternative end product of VCO, which undergoes a further bacterial fermentation process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CCE on human skin. We analyzed the expression of skin barrier molecules and collagens after applying CCE on human explanted skin. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of CCE, the expression of inflammatory markers was analyzed after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The CCE-treated group showed increased expression of cornified cell envelope components, which contribute to protective barrier functions of the stratum corneum. Further, the expression of inflammatory markers was lower in the CCE-treated group after exposure to UVB radiation. These results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of CCE against UVB irradiation-induced inflammation. Additionally, the CCE-treated group showed increased collagen and hyaluronan synthase-3 expression. In our study, CCE showed a barrier-enhancing effect and anti-inflammatory properties against <I>ex vivo</I> UVB irradiation-induced inflammation. The promising effect of CCE may be attributed to its high levels of polyphenols and fatty acid components.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cultured coconut oil extract (CCE) is a novel product of virgin coconut oil (VCO), which undergoes fermentation process. </LI> <LI> In vitro study showed increased expression of cornified cell envelope components on CCE treated group. </LI> <LI> CCE has anti-inflammatory components that can prevent the UVB-induced increase in the expression of inflammatory markers. </LI> </UL> </P>

Beneficial role of virgin coconut oil supplementation against acute methotrexate chemotherapy-induced oxidative toxicity and inflammation in rats

Ademola C. Famurewa,Abiola M. Folawiyo,Elizabeth B. Enohnyaket,Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu,Innocent Abi,Sunday G. Obaje,Opeyemi A. Famurewa 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.3

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used antineoplastic and anti-rheumatoid agent whose efficacy is limited by marked organ toxicities associated with oxidative stress. The study investigated beneficial effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplementation on MTX-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Control, MTX (20 mg/kg bw), VCO (5%) + MTX and VCO (15%) + MTX. The pre-treatment with VCO for 14 days was followed by single intraperitoneal injection of MTX and the rats were sacrificed after 3 days. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were also evaluated. Results: MTX induced a distinct diminution in serum activities of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH), while lipid peroxidation considerably increased demonstrated by MDA level. Similarly, levels of IL-6, CRP and NO increased prominently in MTX control rats. The VCO supplementation markedly enhanced resistance to the MTX-induced biochemical alterations in rats. Conclusion: VCO can be a useful adjuvant natural product in MTX chemotherapy by reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses.

코코넛오일을 첨가한 유화형 소시지의 품질 특성

정윤식,윤혜현 (사)한국조리학회 2022 한국조리학회지 Vol.28 No.8

.

Synergistic Action of Virgin Coconut Oil and Clomiphene in Reversing Endocrine Dysregulation in Letrozole-Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats: Role of Nrf2/HMOX-1 Pathway

Ayodeji J. Ajibare,Olabode O. Akintoye,Ademola C. Famurewa,Moshood A. Folawiyo,Olawande D. Bamisi,Abraham Olufemi Asuku,Oyedoyin Eunice Oyegbola,Christopher O. Akintayo,Babatunde A. Olofinbiyi,Olaposi 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.9

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in women’s reproductive age. Currently, thepathophysiology of PCOS is unclear, and the limited treatment options are unsatisfactory. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) isfunctional food oil associated with pharmacological effects in reproductive disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluatewhether VCO could enhance clomiphene (CLO) therapy against PCOS in female rats. Rats were randomly divided: (1)Control, (2) PCOS model, (3) PCOS + CLO, (4) PCOS + VCO, and (5) PCOS + CLO + VCO. The PCOS was induced viadaily letrozole (1 mg/kg, orally) administration for 21 days. After the PCOS induction, CLO, VCO, and CLO + VCO wereadministered from days 22 to 36. Serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin were estimated. Polymerase chainreaction gene expression for nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), glutathionereductase (GSR), LH receptor (LHr), androgen receptor (AR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1b (IL-1b),and caspase-3 were analyzed. The letrozole-induced PCOS caused considerable increases in GnRH, LH, prolactin, estrogen,and testosterone, whereas FSH decreased significantly compared to the control. The gene expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, andGSR were markedly diminished, while IL-1b, TNF-a, caspase-3, AR, and LHr prominently increased compared to control. Interestingly, the CLO and VCO separately exerted anti-inflammatory and endocrine balance effects. However, VCOenhancedCLO effect in LH, prolactin and testosterone, Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GSR, and AR. VCO may synergize with CLO todepress hyperandrogenism and oxidative inflammation in PCOS.

식물성 식용유지를 첨가한 유화형 소시지의 CATA 분석 및 기호도

정윤식(Yoon Sik Jung),김용식(Yong Sik Kim),윤혜현(Hye Hyun Yoon) 한국조리학회 2023 한국조리학회지 Vol.29 No.6