당뇨병 환자의 자율신경병증 평가에 있어 24 시간 Holter Monitoring 을 이용한 Power Spectrum 의 Diurnal Variation 에 대한 연구

박순희(Sun Hee Park),박종욱(Chong Wook Park),김정식(Jeong Sik Kim),곽현철(Hyun Cheol Kwak),김광석(Kwang Suck Kim),오성주,김수길,원동준(Dong Jun Won),박정식(Jeong Sik Park) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Objective: We studied the efficacy of the power spectral and nonspectral analysis and its diurnal variations for the early detection of the diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Method: The spectral and nonspectral analysis of 24hour-Holter monitoring were done for both diabetic neuropathy patients and controls. We also made a comparative analysis of the diurnal variations between the patient and control groups by means of hourly power spectral analysis. Result: 1) The power spectral density of the diabetic neuropathy patients was below than that of the normal controls (P<0.05) (Table 2, Fig. 1). 2) The nonspectral analysis of the diabetic neuropathy patients was below than that of the normal controls except for the mean RR intervals (P<0.05) (Table 3). 3) Every hour-power spectral analysis showed a diurnal variation of day time (06:00 to 16:00) decrease in high frequency area of the normal controls. On the contrary, there was a disappearance of the diurnal variation in patient group. Conclusion: The power spectral and nonspectral analyses after 24hour-Holter monitoring and its diurnal variation in the diabetic patients are considered as good means of the early detection of autonomic neuropathy, but further study of its diagnostic value will be needed.

농법 및 시기 변화에 따른 논토양의 환경 특성 분석

이태구(Tae-Gu Lee),박성직(Seong-Jik Park),이용호(Yong Ho Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2017 대한환경공학회지 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구에서는 농법 및 시기에 따른 논토양의 화학성을 비교 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 관행논 11개 필지와 유기논 24개 필지에 대하여 3월, 5월, 8월, 10월에 토양 시료 채취 및 분석을 수행하였고, 실험 분석 결과에 대해 통계 분석을 수행하였다. 분산분석 결과 농법에 의한 유의미한 차이가 나타난 항목은 NH4-N와 P2O5이었지만, 시기에 따른 차이는 모든 항목에서 높은 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 주성분 분석 결과 또한 토양내 질소 및 인의 농도는 농법에 의한 영향보다는 시료 채취시기에 따른 영향이 더 크게 나타났다. 토양의 전기전도도는 3월에서 10월로 감에 따라서 값이 증가하였다. 토양 유기물은 3월 및 5월에 비하여 8월과 10월에 높게 나타났다. T-N는 3월에서 10월로 지남에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. NH4-N 및 NO3-N 농도는 관행논 및 유기논 모두 5월에 가장 높게 나타났다. T-P 농도는 8월에 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 반면에, P2O5의 경우에는 8월에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과 논토양의 화학적 특성은 농법에 의한 차이보다는 시기에 의한 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 토양 환경 특성에 대한 분석 및 비교시 시기에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요한 것으로 판단된다. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental properties of paddy soils depending on farming methods and seasonal variation. The paddy soils in 11 plots of conventional paddy and 24 plots of organic paddy were sampled and analyzed in four season of March, May, August, and October. The obtained data of soil properties were used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance showed that only NH4-N and P2O5 were significantly different depending on farming methods. However, the differences of all soil properties depending on seasonal variation were strongly significant. Principal component analysis also presented that nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in soils were more significantly influenced by seasonal variation than farming method. Electric conductivity in soil was decreased from March to October. Amounts of soil organic matter in August and October were higher than that in March and May. T-N was decreased from March to October. NH4-N and NO3-N in the soil of both conventional and organic paddy were higher in May than other seasons. T-P concentration was found to be highest in August, but P2O5 concentration was lowest in August. It can be concluded that seasonal variation should be considered for analysis and comparison of soil environmental properties.

Space grillage analysis model of steel-concrete composite beam

Pengzhen Lu,Dengguo Li,Ying Wu,Simin Huang,Yijie Zhang 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.40 No.2

In order to accurately grasp the mechanical behavior of the composite beam structure and achieve its refined analysis. In this paper, the stiffness matrix of a new type of spatial grid element is derived using the principle of energy variation. Based on the spatial grid element, a finite element analysis program is written using MATLAB software. A new type of spatial grid element analysis method that can be used for the overall force analysis of composite beam structures as well as the local refined analysis of the structure is proposed. In addition, the internal force, stress and displacement of each part of the composite beam can also be directly obtained. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of the spatial grid analysis element proposed in this paper. The composite beam in the existing references are used as the analysis object, and the analysis result of the spatial grid element is compared with the references result. The research results show that the analysis results of spatial grid elements have high accuracy and can realize the refined analysis of composite beams.

화소 색상 변이를 이용한 설악산 단풍 분석

권오성 한국지식정보기술학회 2014 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.3

In general, weather observation based on visual examination has obvious limits in accuracy and consistency of its analysis results. In this paper, we propose a new weather observation method using digital image analysis and information technologies to solve the current observation's difficulties and inaccuracy. Our method consists of three steps : the preprocessing to enhance input images obtained from remote camera control system, the pixel values extraction step to analyze autumn leaves and the statistical classification to find peak autumn color. we make use of RGB variation statistics to analyze red leaves front. We uses an analysis method of multiple small area divided from an entire input image to enhance analysis accuracy. The small areas is classified by wood lands and a thick forest that best shows characteristics of autumn color variations. We apply the method to Seorak Mountains images collected during October 2013 to November 2013 and can obtain successful features about the peak autumn color and its progress.

Industry 4.0 - A challenge for variation simulation tools for mechanical assemblies

Boorla, Srinivasa M.,Bjarklev, Kristian,Eifler, Tobias,Howard, Thomas J.,McMahon, Christopher A. Techno-Press 2019 Advances in computational design Vol.4 No.1

Variation Analysis (VA) is used to simulate final product variation, taking into consideration part manufacturing and assembly variations. In VA, all the manufacturing and assembly processes are defined at the product design stage. Process Capability Data Bases (PCDB) provide information about measured variation from previous products and processes and allow the designer to apply this to the new product. A new challenge to this traditional approach is posed by the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) revolution, where Smart Manufacturing (SM) is applied. The manufacturing intelligence and adaptability characteristics of SM make present PCDBs obsolete. Current tolerance analysis methods, which are made for discrete assembly products, are also challenged. This paper discusses the differences expected in future factories relevant to VA, and the approaches required to meet this challenge. Current processes are mapped using I4.0 philosophy and gaps are analysed for potential approaches for tolerance analysis tools. Matching points of simulation capability and I4.0 intents are identified as opportunities. Applying conditional variations, incorporating levels of adjustability, and the un-suitability of present Monte Carlo simulation due to changed mass production characteristics, are considered as major challenges. Opportunities including predicting residual stresses in the final product and linking them to product deterioration, calculating non-dimensional performances and extending simulations for process manufactured products, such as drugs, food products etc. are additional winning aspects for next generation VA tools.

한국 콩 품종의 생육 및 수량구성형질의 변이와 다변량 분석에 의한 품종군 분류

이가영,소윤섭,김홍식,홍지화,장은규,이구환,윤건식,황세구 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

1913년부터 2013년까지 한국에서 육성된 콩 172품종의 생 육 및 수량구성형질의 변이를 평가하고 주성분 분석과 군집 분석을 통하여 품종군을 분류하여 콩 육종의 기초자료로 이용 코자 수행하였다. 생육 및 수량구성형질의 변이계수는 각 형 질에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 엽장폭비, 경장, 분지수, 100립중 및 주당종실중은 높았고, 엽면적, 주경절수, 주당협수 및 주당 립수는 중간정도이었으며, 생육시기에 관련된 개화일수, 성숙 일수 및 생육일수는 낮았다. 콩 품종들의 생육 및 수량구성형 질에 대한 주성분 분석을 한 결과, 주성분의 기여율은 제 1주 성분은 34.02%, 제 2주성분은 18.44%, 제 3주성분은 10.67%, 제 4주성분은 9.96%로, 상위 4주성분까지의 고유값이 1이상 이며, 누적기여율이 73.09%로 제 4주성분까지만 가지고도 한 국 콩 품종의 군집분류가 가능하였다. Average linkage cluster 에 의하여 분류된 군집분류에서 평균 거리를 1.1로 하였을 때 5개 군집으로 분류되었고, I군집은 전체 품종의 69.7%가 속해 있는 가장 큰 군집이었고, 다음으로 II군집이 19.8%가 속하는 큰 군집이었고, 그 다음으로 IV군집이 8.7%가 속하였으며, III 군집과 V군집은 1 ~ 2품종이 속하는 소군집이었다. 각 군집의 품종을 육성년대(1980년 이전, 1980년대, 1990년대, 2000년 이후) 및 용도별(장류 및 두부용, 나물용, 밥밑용, 풋콩 및 올 콩용)로 분류하면 품종의 분포가 차이가 있었다. 육성년대별로 는 1980년 이전과 1980년대에 육성된 품종은 I과 II군집에, 1990년대와 2000년 이후에 육성된 품종은 모든 군집에 넓게 분포하였다. 용도별로는 I군집에는 장류 및 두부용 품종이, II 군집에는 나물용 품종이, IV군집에는 풋콩 및 올콩용 품종이 가장 많이 속하였으며, III과 V군집에 속하는 품종은 나물용 품종이었다. This study was carried out to get basic information on variations of growth and yield component characters, and varietal classifications by principal component analysis and cluster analysis in 172 Korean soybean varieties released from 1913 to 2013. The coefficient of variation(CV) was high for length/width ratio of leaf, stem height, number of branches per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant, but moderate for leaf area, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant. CV for days to flowering, days to maturity and days to growing were lower than any other growth and yield component characters. Examination of the interrelations among the variables was performed through principal component analysis. The first component explains 34.02% of the variation, second component explains 18.44%, third component explains 10.67%, and fourth component explains 9.96%. These summed up to 73.09% cumulative variations contributed by four components having eigenvalues greater than one. With this result, the 172 Korean soybean varieties could be classified into different clusters by the first to four principle components. Dendrogram constructed using average linkage cluster method revealed that 172 Korean soybean varieties were divided into five clusters (I, II, III, IV and V) with the average distance of 0.11 between clusters. The cluster I includes 67.7% of the total varieties, which was the largest cluster among five clusters, the cluster II includes 19.8%, which was the second large cluster and the cluster IV includes 8.7%, which was the third large cluster. Cluster III and V were small clusters containing only one to two varieties. Differences for distribution of varieties were observed according to released years and utilization types in each cluster. Based on released years, varieties of before 1980 and 1980s were distributed to cluster I and II, while those of 1990s and after 2000 were distributed widely to all clusters. Based on utilization types, cluster I includes the largest number of soy sauce & tofu varieties, cluster II includes the largest number of bean sprout varieties and the cluster IV includes the largest number of vegetable & early maturity varieties. The small clusters III and V include bean sprout varieties.

우리나라 野生 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 集團의 種子特性 變異

송정호(Jeong-Ho Song),장경환(Kyung-Hwan Jang),임효인(Hyo-In Lim),양병훈(Byeung-Hoon Yang),김준혁(Joon-Hyeok Kim) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of seed characteristics among populations and among clumps within population of wild tea (Camellia sinensis L.) distributed in Korea. Fruits and seeds were collected from 225 clumps in 13 populations and their seven seed characteristics were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The mean values of seed characteristics were 12.4 mm in seed length, 13.9 mm in seed width, 0.90 in seed length/width, 13.1 mm in seed thickness, 0.95 in seed length/thickness, 1.07 in seed width/thickness, and 0.95 g in seed weight, respectively. Coefficients of variation were low (5.6-9.3%) in all seed characteristics except seed weight (27.7%). ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among populations and among clumps within population in all seed characteristics. According to Nested analysis, variance contributions among populations in the characters excluding seed length/thickness and seed weight were higher than those among clumps within population. Cluster analysis using average linkage method showed three groups to Euclidean distance 0.45. But, there was no significant relationship between population association and geographical distribution. The results of principal component analysis for seven seed characteristics showed that primary two principal components (PC's) explained 90.8% of the total variation. The first PC accounted for 75.0% of the variability which correlated with seed length, seed width and seed thickness, and the second PC accounted for 15.8% of the variability which correlated with seed weight. According to correlation analysis, the populations which located in high latitude and low altitude place have more heavy seed than low latitude and high altitude populations.

Wavelet Based Semblance and Eigenvalue Analysis for Geomagnetic Variation Related to Micro-Earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula

지윤수,오석훈,김기연 한국지구과학회 2012 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.33 No.5

The objective of this paper is to apply a newly developed wavelet-based semblance filtering and eigenvalue analysis to investigate the geomagnetic variations in some micro-earthquakes that had occurred in the Korean Peninsula. The wavelet-based filtering showed improved results in delineating the geomagnetic variations in relation to earthquake events from their background field. In addition, the eigenvalues analysis was also useful for the interpretation of three components geomagnetic fields during the earthquake events. The wavelet-based semblance analysis showed a prominent result for short-term geomagnetic variation related to the earthquake event, and the eigenvalue analysis was feasible to long-term geomagnetic variation. Considering the fact that the basement rock of the Korean Peninsula has a highly resistive electrical structure, it seems to be possible for small magnitude earthquakes to generate some distinguished geomagnetic variations.

특집 : 인문언어학의 구상과 전망 : 사회언어학에서의 담화연구 이론과 방법

박용한 ( Yong Han Park ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2010 언어사실과 관점 Vol.26 No.-

This paper aims to explain the major discourse analysis theory and method in socio-linguistics. Recently, socio-linguistics has studied the relation between discourse and society for ``discourse`` which is made up of spoken language and written language. The representative approaches of socio-linuguistics are interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, variation analysis, conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis. And these approaches use the data research methods of participant observation, use of videos data, survey, interview and documentary records investigation. Especially, thesedays the studies on various institution conversation using the participant observation and videos data are increasing. In that process, transcribing method and written languge corpus building method are developing. If we develop the method which can reflect rhythm data, conversation context data, and sociocultural background on transcribing data and corpus data, discourse analysis in socio-linguiscts will soon make a rapid development.

유색미 도입 유전자원의 생육 및 품질특성 변이 다변량 분석

박종현,이지윤,전재범,유오종,손은호,Park, Jong-Hyun,Lee, Ji-Yoon,Chun, Jae-Buhm,You, Oh-Jong,Son, Eun-Ho 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of growth and quality characteristics in colored rice from 178 accessions and to develop useful, basic rice breeding data by classifying these germplasm characteristics via principal component (PC) analysis. The coefficient of variation of the 178colored rice accessions were the highest for panicle length (PL) and protein contents, followed by length-width ratio (LWR), 1000-grain weight (TGW), culm length (CL), and amylose contents, whereas the lowest was for the number of panicles per hill (NP), which is a yield component. The results from the PC analysis exhibited eigenvalues and contributions respective to each PC as follows: PC1, 2.06 and 29.49%; PC2, 1.31 and 18.75%; PC3, 1.21 and 17.36%; PC4, 1.01 and 14.38%. The eigenvalues of four PCs were over 1.0, and their cumulative contributions were 79.98%, which completes the necessary condition for evaluation of the 178 colored rice accessions. Cluster analysis showed cluster I as the largest, which included 79 accessions, while clusters II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII comprised 46, 19, 13, 4, 8, and 9 accessions, respectively. Moreover, dark brown accessions were dispersed in clusters I and II, and many resources of purple seed coat color were found in clusters V, VI, and VII. Particularly, cluster V had resources of only black and purple seed coat colors. Resources of cluster VII were found to have a relatively small average CL, PL, and LWR; notably, cluster V had the smallest average TGW, and cluster IV the lowest NP but the highest TGW. Finally, considering the yield potential, growth characteristics, heading stage, and color during breeding of colored rice, we obtained the following conclusions: cluster VII is suitable for breeding of colored rice; cross breeding among clusters I, II, and VII has a high yield potential; and it is possible to produce a superior color by cross breeding plants from cluster V and VI.