A New Synthesis of TE2A-a Potential Bifunctional Chelator for $^{64}Cu$

Pandya, Darpan N.,Kim, Jung Young,Kwak, Won-Jung,Park, Jeong-Chan,Gawande, Manoj B.,An, Gwang-Il,Ryu, Eun-Kyoung,Yoo, Jeong-Soo The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2010 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.44 No.3

Purpose The development of a new bifunctional chelator, which holds radiometals strongly in living systems, is a prerequisite for the successful application of diseasespecific biomolecules to medical diagnosis and therapy. Recently, TE2A was reported to make kinetically more stable Cu(II) complexes than TETA. Herein, we report a new synthetic route to TE2A and explore its potential as a bifunctional chelator. Methods TE2A was synthesized using the regioselective alkylation of benzyl bromoacetate and successive deprotection of the methylene bridge and benzyl group. Salt-free TE2A was radiolabeled with $^{64}Cu$ and microPET imaging was performed to follow the clearance pattern of the $^{64}Cu$-TE2A complex. TE2A was conjugated with cyclic RGD peptide and the TE2A-c(RGDyK) conjugate was radiolabeled with $^{64}Cu$. Results TE2A was prepared in salt-free form from cyclam in an overall yield of 74%. The microPET images showed that $^{64}Cu$-TE2A is excreted rapidly from the body by the kidney and liver. TE2A was successfully conjugated with c(RGDyK) peptide through one carboxylate group and the TE2A-c(RGDyK) conjugate was radiolabeled with $^{64}Cu$ in 94% yield within 30 min. Conclusion TE2A can be used by itself as a bifunctional chelator without any further structural modification.

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties of Te-embedded Bi₂Te₃ by preferential phonon scattering in heterostructure interface

Choi, Hyejin,Jeong, Kwangsik,Chae, Jimin,Park, Hanbum,Baeck, Juheyuck,Kim, Tae Hyeon,Song, Jae Yong,Park, Jaehun,Jeong, Kwang-Ho,Cho, Mann-Ho Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.47 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A comprehensive understanding of the nano-structural effects that cause reduction in thermal conductivity represents important challenges for the development of thermoelectric materials with an improved figure of merit ZT. Bismuth telluride (Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>)-based thermoelectric materials exhibit very low levels of thermal conductivity. In this study, a Te crystal-embedded Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> (Te–Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>) thin film was formed by establishing a specific annealing temperature for a Te-rich Bi/Te multilayered structure. Modulations in structure and composition were observed at the boundaries between the two phases of Te and Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB>. Furthermore, the samples contained regularly shaped nanometer-scale Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> single grains. Therefore, we obtained a dramatic ZT value of 2.27 (+ 0.04, − 0.08) at 375 K from the Te–Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> thin film. Finally, we confirmed that interface phonon scattering between the Te–Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> boundaries plays an important role in inter-grain phonon transport, which results in a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Te-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> nano-grain structure is synthesized by multi-layer deposition and simple annealing process. </LI> <LI> Obtain a dramatic zT value of 2.27 (+ 0.04 − 0.08) at 375 K in Te embedded-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> thin film. </LI> <LI> The Te-Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Te<SUB>3</SUB> heterojunction has high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7-xSe0.3 열전 합금에서 Te 공공 형성에 의한 열전 성능 연구

양예림,김태완,홍석원,안지우,김상일 대한금속·재료학회 2020 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.58 No.10

In this study, we report the influence of Te vacancy formation on the thermoelectric properties of n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 alloys, including their electronic and thermal transport properties. Te-deficient Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7-xSe0.3 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02) samples were systematically synthesized and characterized. Regarding electronic transport properties, carrier concentration was increased with Te vacancies, while carrier mobility was maintained. As a result, the electrical conductivity significantly increased while the Seebeck coefficient reduced moderately, thus, the power factor was enhanced from 3.04 mW/mK2 (pristine) to 3.22 mW/mK2 (x = 0.02) at 300 K. Further analysis based on a single parabolic band model revealed that the weighted mobility of the conduction band increased, which is favorable for electron transport, as Te vacancies were generated. Regarding thermal transport properties, lattice thermal conductivity decreased with Te vacancies due to additional point defect phonon scattering, however, total thermal conductivity increased due to larger electronic contribution as Te vacancies increased. Analysis using the Debye-Callaway model suggests that the phonon scattering by the Te vacancies is as efficient as the substitution point defect scattering. Consequently, the thermoelectric figure of merit zT increased at all temperatures for x = 0.005 and 0.01. The maximum zT of 0.95 was achieved for Te-deficient Cu0.008Bi2Te2.69Se0.3 (x = 0.01) at 400 K.

手少陽三焦經 正格의 自經補瀉(中渚 補, 液門 瀉) 刺鍼이 정상 흰쥐의 腦血流量 및 血壓에 미치는 影響

김희정,류충열,조명래 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Objectives : Joongjeo(TE3) Supplementation Aekmoon(TE2) Draining is a method belongs to Ohaeng-acupuncture, using directional supplementation and draining. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the effects of TE3 supplementation TE2 draining on changes in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. For these reasons, the present author investigated rCBF and MABP using laser doppler flowmeter in normal rats. In addtion, the present author also investigated action mechanisms of TE3 supplementation TE2 draining on changes in rCBF and MABP too. Results : In this results, TE3 supplementation TE2 draining elevated rCBF in time-dependent manner, but MABP levels decresed by TE3 supplementation TE2 draining. Pre-treatment with indomethacin (IDM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively. But pre-treatment with methylene blue (MTB), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, decreased rCBF levels. In addition, pre-treatment with IDM also decreased MABP levels, but pre-treatement with MTB increased MABP levels. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that TE3 supplementation TE2 draining is effective to treat patient with disease related to cerebral ischemia, because TE3 supplementation TE2 draining can increase rCBF. In addition, the mechanisms are thought to be related to guanylate cyclase pathways.

T1영상에서 TR, TE 매개변수에 따른 Gadoteridol의 신호강도 변화

정현근(Hyun Keun Jeong),정현도(Hyun Do Jeong),남기창(Ki Chang Nam),김호철(Ho Chul Kim) 대한전자공학회 2015 전자공학회논문지 Vol.52 No.9

본 논문에서는 조영중강 MRI 검사 시 T1 effect를 만들기 위한 물리적 매개변수 중 대표적인 TR과 TE가 가돌리늄과 결합한 H1 스핀의 신호강도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 정량적으로 평가 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MR 가돌리늄 조영제인 0.5 mol Gadoteridol로 제작된 MR팬텀을 이용하여 1.5T MRI 장비에서 FSE(Fast Spin Echo)시퀀스로 실험하였다. 이때 FSE 매개변수 중 TR과 TE의 값들을 서로 달리하였다. 이때 TR 수치는 각각 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 msec, TE는 6.2, 12.4, 18.6, 21.6 msec로 임상적인 T1 effect를 구현하는데 있어 매개변수 값이 물리적으로 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 설정하였고, TR, TE가 서로 교차되어 실험되었다. 획득된 영상 데이터를 통해 신호강도 변화를 측정 한 후 이를 분석하였다. 이 때 조영중강 반응시작 지점인 RSP(Reaction Starting Point)는 TR과는 무관하게 TE 6.2 msec에서 100 mmol, TE 12.4 msec 에서 50 mmol, TE 18.6 msec에서 40mmol, TE 21.6 msec에서 30mmol을 나타내었다. 최대 신호강도인 MPSI(Mas Peak Signal Intensity)는 TR 200 msec에서는 TE모두 4mmol에서 형성되었고, TR 250에서 600 msec까지는 모두 4, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.6 mmol의 저 농도 영역으로 피크치가 지연되었다. 반응 면적인 RA(Reaction Area)는 TR 200-600 msec에서 각각 21183.2, 21536.6, 21875.9, 22114.3, 22419.1, 22895.8, 23208.6, 23189.1, 23210.4[au]로 TE 6.2 msec일 때 가장 수치가 높았다. 본 연구를 통하여 가돌리늄 조영중강 정도는 MR매개변수에 의해 조정 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이는 실제 임상에서의 T1 조영중강 검사에 있어서 본 연구의 정량적 데이터를 통하여 진단학적으로 효율적인 TR, TE 매개변수 값으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this paper, we introduce how to control TR, TE physical MR parameters for managing H1 spin"s SI(Signal Intensity) which in combined with gadolinium following administration MR agent in T1 effect for diagnostic usefulness. we used MRI phantom made with 0.5 mol Gadoteridol. This phantom was scanned by FSE sequence with different TR, TE parameters. In this study, to make T1 effect, TR was 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 msec. In addition to, TE was 6.2, 12.4, 18.6, 21.6 msec. The results were as follows ; Each RSP(Reaction Starting Point) was 100, 50, 40, 30 mmol in TE 6.2, 12.4, 18.6, 21.6 msec being irrelevant to TR. In MPSI(Max Peak Signal Intensity), 4 mmol was showed in TR 200 msec while peak signal was decreased to low concentration mol in TR 250-600 msec. In terms of RA(Reaction Area), the highest SI was TE 6.2 msec in TR 200-600msec. According to the study, we are able to recognize it is possible to control enhance rates by managing TR and TE of MR parameters; moreover, we expect that enhanced T1 image in MR clinical field can be performed in a practical way with thin quantitative data.

분할접합비에 따른 (Pb,Sn)Te/(Bi,Sb)₂Te₃ 경사기능소자의 열전발전특성

이광용,현도빈,오태성,Lee, Kwang-Yong,Hyun, Dow-Bin,Oh, Tae-Sung 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.12

0.5 at% $Na_2$Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te and ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying process. 0.5 at% Na$_2$Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te powders were charged at one end of mold and ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ powders were charged at the other end of a mold. Then these powders were hot-pressed to form p-type ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ functional gradient materials with the segment ratios (the ratio of ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te to ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ ) of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. Power generation characteristics of the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ were measured. When the temperature difference ΔT at both ends of the specimen was larger than $300^{\circ}C$, the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ with the segment ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 exhibited larger output power than those of the ($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ and 0.5 at% $Na_2$ Te-doped ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te alloys. The maximum output power of the ($Pb_{0.7}Sn_{0.3}$)Te/($Bi_{0.2}Sb_{0.8}$)$_2$$Te_3$ predicted with the measured Seebeck coefficient and the estimated electrical resistivity was in good agreement with the measured maximum output power.

외관전침의 항산화 효과에 대한 실험적 연구

이재민,이현,홍권의 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the antioxidant effect of electroaupuncture at TE5 on the rats that were given AAPH(50mg/kg) everyday. Methodes : The Rats were given AAPH(50mg/kg) in abdominal cavity everyday for one week. TE5- NR group were treated by acupucture on left TE5 for 15min. TE5-EA group were treated by electro- acupucture on left TE5 for 15min. The author observe several changes of rats. First, it is change of rat weight. Second, it is change of Liver index. Third, it is changes of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, GOT, GPT. Fourth, it is changes of SOD & Catalase activity, Glutathione & NO & MDA concentration. Fifth, it is change of tissue. Results : 1. In the TE5-EA group, the live index was decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 2. In the TE5-EA group, the albumin level were increased significant compared with control & holder group, LDL-cholesterol, GOT level were decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 3. In the TE5-EA group, the SOD activity, Catalase activity were increased significant compared with control group, Glutathione level was increased significant compared with control & holder, sham-EA, TE5-NR group, NO and MDA concentration were decreased significant compared with control group. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the antioxidant effect of electroaupuncture at TE5 on the rats that were given AAPH(50mg/kg) everyday. Methodes : The Rats were given AAPH(50mg/kg) in abdominal cavity everyday for one week. TE5- NR group were treated by acupucture on left TE5 for 15min. TE5-EA group were treated by electro- acupucture on left TE5 for 15min. The author observe several changes of rats. First, it is change of rat weight. Second, it is change of Liver index. Third, it is changes of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, GOT, GPT. Fourth, it is changes of SOD & Catalase activity, Glutathione & NO & MDA concentration. Fifth, it is change of tissue. Results : 1. In the TE5-EA group, the live index was decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 2. In the TE5-EA group, the albumin level were increased significant compared with control & holder group, LDL-cholesterol, GOT level were decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 3. In the TE5-EA group, the SOD activity, Catalase activity were increased significant compared with control group, Glutathione level was increased significant compared with control & holder, sham-EA, TE5-NR group, NO and MDA concentration were decreased significant compared with control group.

전기도금 공정으로 제조한 Bi-Te 박막의 열전특성 및 미세열전소자 형성용 포토레지스트 공정

이광용,오태성,Lee, Kwang-Yong,Oh, Tae-Sung 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2007 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.14 No.2

미세열전박막소자에 적용을 하기 위해 전기도금으로 형성한 Bi-Te 박막의 열전특성과 포토레지스트 공정에 대하여 연구하였다. $Bi_2O_3$와 $TeO_2$를 1M $HNO_3$에 용해시킨 20 mM 농도의 Bi-Te 도금 용액을 사용하여 박막을 도금 후, 용액내 Te/(Bi+Te)비에 따른 Bi-Te 박막의 열전특성을 분석하였다. Te/(Bi+Te)비가 0.5에서 0.65로 증가함에 따라 Bi-Te 도금막의 전자농도의 증가로 Seebeck 계수가 $-59{\mu}V/K$에서 $-48{\mu}V/K$로 변하고 전기비저항이 $1m{\Omega}-cm$ 에서 $0.8m{\Omega}-cm$로 감소되었다. 조성이 $Bi_2Te_3$에 근접한 도금막에서 가장 높은 $3.5{\times}10^4W/K^2-m$의 출력인자를 얻을 수 있었다. 다층 overhang 공정을 이용하여, 직경 $100{\mu}m$이며 깊이 $30{\mu}m$ 형상의 미세열전소자 형성용 포토레지스트 패턴의 형성이 가능하였다. Thermoelectric properties of the electrodeposited Bi-Te films and photoresist process have been investigated to apply for thermoelectric thin film devices. After plating in Bi-Te solutions of 20 mM concentration, which were prepared by dissolving $Bi_2O_3$ and $TeO_2$ into 1M $HNO_3$, thermoelectric properties of the films were characterized with variation of the Te/(Bi+Te) ratio in a plating solution. With increasing the Te/(Bi+Te) ratio in the plating solution from 0.5 to 0.65, Seebeck coefficient of Bi-Te films changed from $-59{\mu}V/K$ to $-48{\mu}V/K$ and electrical resistivity was lowered from $1m{\Omega}-cm$ to $0.8m{\Omega}-cm$ due to the increase in the electron concentration. Maximum power factor of $3.5{\times}10^{-4}W/K^2-m$ was obtained for the Bi-Te film with the $Bi_2Te_3$ stoichiometric composition. Using multilayer overhang process, the photoresist pattern to form thermoelectric legs of 30 m depth and 100m diameter was successfully fabricated fur micro thermoelectric device applications.

『平凡』における存続表現の「た」と「てゐる」「てある」 -『浮雲』の場合との比較を含めて-

박선술 동아시아일본학회 2014 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.50

This study examines the actual conditions of the use of the continuation expressions Ta and Te-iru using Heibon by Hutabatei Simei and compares it with another of his works (Ukigumo) to know how their use has changed over time. A summary of the study follows. First is an examination of the meaning Ta, whether it was used as Te-iru or Te-aru. It was mainly Te-iru in both works. It is remarkable that Ta used as Te-aru was extremely reduced in its frequency in Heibon compared with Ukigumo. Second, checking the use of Ta, Te-iru, and Te-aru in both novels, a remarkable decline in the use of Ta is found in Heibon compared with Ukigumo. Third, when used as pre-conjunctive words, Ta, Te-iru, and Te-aru use as type-one verbs and auxiliary verbs was reduced, whereas it was increased in the rest of the uses. Fourth, when used as pre-conjunctive words, Ta, Te-iru, and Te-aru were used mainly as intransitive verbs in both works. Finally, classifying their meaning in terms of the verbs used as pre-conjunctive words Ta, Te-iru, and Te-aru in terms of vocabulary; that is, Kindaichi Haruhiko classifies verbs into four classes; there are many continuative verbs and adjectival verbs.

수소양 삼초경근의 해부학적 연구

박경식 ( Kyoung Sik Park ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.1

목적: 본 硏究는 手少陽三焦經筋의 理論的根據를 解剖學的으로 提供하고 臨床에 經筋의 正確한 適用을 위함이다. 방법: Cadaver에 經筋을 表示하고 各各의 經穴部位에 標識와 pore 작업을 수행하고 각 經穴部를 皮膚, 筋膜, 그리고 筋肉의 淺層, 中間層, 그리고 深層部를 順序的으로 解剖하여 筋肉, 神經, 血管 등을 觀察한다. 결과 및 결론: 手少陽三焦經筋의 解剖學的考察結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 筋肉: 천층에 근막(TE1), 근막확장대(TE2), 근막과 근간결합(TE3), 근막과 신근지대(TE4), 근막과 총지신근건(TE5), 근막 및 총지신근과 소지신근간(TE6), 근막과 소지신근(TE7), 총지신근(TE8), 척측수근신근과 소지신근간(TE9), 상완삼두근건(TE10, 11), 상완삼두근(TE12), 삼각근(TE13), 삼각근및 극하근과 극상근간(TE14), 승모근(TE15), 흉쇄유돌근(TE-16, 17, 18), 후이개근(TE19, 22), 상이개근(TE20), 전이개근 및 이하선근막(TE21), 안륜근(TE23), 중층에 소지신근건과 총지신근건간(TE4), 측두근막과 측두근(TE20, 22, 23), 심층에 배측골간근(TE3), 시지신근과 골간막(TE5) 장모지신근(TE6), 시지신근(TE7), 장지신근과 장모지 외전근간(TE8, 9), 상완삼두근(TE13), 견갑거근(TE15), 두판상근(TE16), 경상설골근과 하악이복근간TE17), 이복근(TE18). 2) 神經: 천층에 척골신경의 배측지(TE1, 2, 3), 후전완피신경(TE4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11), 내측전완피신경(TE5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), 후상완피신경(TE12, 13), 상외측상완피신경(TE13), 외측쇄골상신경(TE14, 15), 대이개신경(TE16, 17, 18, 19), 소후두신경(TE19, 20), 이개측두신경(TE20, 21, 22), 안면신경측두지(TE22, 23), 관골측두신경(TE23), 중층에 견갑상신경(TE15), 견갑배신경(TE15), 경상설골근신경(TE17), 후이개신경(TE18, 19, 20), 안면신경측두지(TE20, 21, 22), 심층에 후골간신경(TE5, 6, 7), 요골신경심지(TE8, 9, 12, 13), 견갑상신경(TE14), 액와신경가지(TE14), 부신경(TE16), 안면신경과 부신경가지(TE17), 설인신경 (TE17), 설하신경(TE17), 경신경고리(TE17), 미주신경(TE17), 안면신경 (TE18). 3) 血管: 천층에 척측정맥배측지(TE1, 2), 고유수장지동맥배측지(TE1), 배측중수골동맥배측지(TE2), 배 중수골정맥(TE3), 척측피정맥(TE4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), 배측정맥궁(TE4), 부요측피정맥(TE6, 8, 9),요측피정맥(TE10, 11), 후견봉정맥가지(TE13, 14), 후이개동·정맥(TE16, 17, 18, 19, 20), 전이개동·정맥(TE20), 천측두동·정맥(TE22, 23), 중층에 후상완회선동맥(TE14), 견갑배동맥(TE15), 견갑상동맥(TE15), 천측두동·정맥(TE21), 관골측두동·정맥(TE23), 심층에 배측중수골동맥(TE3), 배측수근동맥궁(TE4), 후골간동맥(TE4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), 전골간동맥(TE6, 7, 9), 심상완동맥(TE10, 11), 상완동맥측부지(TE10, 11), 중간 측부동맥(TE12), 요측측부동맥(TE12), 심상완동맥가지(TE13), 후상완회선동맥(TE13), 견갑상동맥(TE14), 후두동·정맥(TE16, 17), 내경정맥(TE17). 결론: 1. 手少陽三焦經筋은 筋肉, 그리고 關聯神經, 血管으로 구성된다. 2. 본 硏究는 經筋에 관한 旣存의 硏究와 比較하여 볼 때에 經筋의 構成要素에 있어서 若干의 差異를 보여준다. 3. 解剖學的 硏究結果, 經筋筋肉을 支配하는 神經·血管의 槪念과 經筋을 스쳐 지나가는 神經·血管의 槪念은 區分된다.