유아기 자녀의 부모를 위한 STEP 부모교육 프로그램의 효과에 관한 연구

이영애 ( Young Ae Lee ),김정미 ( Jung Mi Kim ) 열린부모교육학회 2009 열린부모교육연구 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 유아교육기관 부모를 대상으로 STEP 부모교육 프로그램을 적용해 보고 교육적 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 학부모 37명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 18명은 실험집단으로 19명은 통제집단으로 구분하였다. 실험집단은 2009년 6월 4일 부터 7월 23일까지, 8주 동안 주1회 120분씩 부모교육을 진행 하였으며, 통제집단은 가정통신문을 통해 부모교육 내용을 전달 하였다. STEP 부모교육 프로그램의 적용효과를 알아보기 위해 자료 분석은 SPSS 15.0 for Windows를 사용하여 t 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째,STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모의 자율적 양육태도와 애정적 양육태도를 변화시키며, 통제적 양육태도와 거부적 양육태도는 감소시켜주는 효과가 있다. 둘째, STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모-자녀 의사소통기술을 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. 셋째, STEP 부모교육 프로그램이 부모 효능감과 부모역할에 대한 관심과 흥미를 증가시킨다. The purpose of this study is to apply STEP program to parents` of young children and verify educational effects of the study. The research questions are following. First, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on fostering attitude? Second, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on mutual understanding techniques between parents and children? Third, what effects does STEP of young children`s parents have on parents` efficacy? This research selected 37 persons of parents from N Kindergarten in Nam yang ju si, Kyung gi do. Participants were classified into experimental group of 18 and control group of 19. Fostering attitude, technique of parent-children mutual understanding, parents` efficacy were preliminarily inspected before the study. This study was held from June 4th of 2009 to July 23rd of 2009. Experimental group proceeded parent education for 120 minutes at a time, once in a week for total of 8 weeks. Control group conveyed the parent education through announcement letter. The test of experimental group and control group was operated during the last 8th week of the research using the same method of measurement. In order to understand the effect of STEP of Young Children`s Parents, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for data analysis to verify t. The following is a summarized research result on its application effect of STEP of Young Children`s Parents. First, the effects on how STEP program influences parents` fostering attitude were examined. In preliminary examination, both the experimental and control groups were confirmed as homogeneity group because there were no distinct differences under parents` fostering attitude between those two groups. However, after conducting an experiment, certain differences were seen. While the experimental group had increased open (t = -3.15, p<.01) and affection (t = -2.46 p<.0.5) behavior, regimental (t = -3.15, p<.01), and negative behavior (t = -2.46 p<.05) showed an evident decline. These results had shown how this program changes parents` open and affection behaviors, and how regimental and negative attitudes can be reduced. Second, when examining the effects of STEP program which influences parent-children mutual understanding techniques, both the experimental and control group were considered as homogeneity groups due to ambiguous differences on parent-children communication skills. However, after the experiment certain differences were observed. Parent-children communication skills of the experimental group, against the control group, had increased (t = 3.65, p<.001) which indicates that the STEP program improves the communication skills between the parents and children. Third, in preliminary experiment, both the experimental and control groups had not shown any certain differences on parents` efficacy which leaves them as a homogeneity group, but there were some recognizable differences after the observation. Compared to the control group, while the parents` efficacy (t = 2.36 p<.05) and the interests about the parenting (t = 2.31, p<.05) of the experimental group had improved, the anxiety and uneasiness as a parent were not showing a huge difference among those two groups.

저소득층 국제재혼가족 전혼자녀(前婚子女)의 가족 경험에 대한 탐색적 연구

안지영(Ji young Ahn),김지훈(Jee hun Kim) 한국가족학회 2014 가족과 문화 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 한국인 부모에서 태어났으나 친부모의 이혼 후 아버지가 베트남 출신 여성과 재혼한 경우를 사례로 청소년의 시각에서 재구성된 가족의 가족 경험의 실제를 탐색하는 질적 연구이다. 가족의 과업은 협상가능 한 것이며 가족으로서의 도리(family obligations)는 장기적인 관계의 산물이기도 하다는 가족 이론(Finch 1989, Finch and Mason 1993)과 가족 내 청소년 자녀의 역할에 주목하는 시각(Dreby 2007, 2010; Orellana 2009: 1-3) 그리고 초국적 이주이론(Bryceson and Vuorela 2002; Heisler, 2008; Khagram and Levitt 2008)의 렌즈를 통해 청소년들의 입장에서 국제재혼 가족 생활과 가족 관계의 실제와 그 의미에 초점을 두고 저소득층 가족 사례를 중심으로 분석하였다. 응용적 질적 연구접근법(Guest et al., 2012)을 통해 여러 질적 연구 방법을 결합하였고, 총 8명의 중고생 연구참여자를 심층 면접하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 기존의 계부모-계자녀 관계와 이복 형제자매 관계 관련 가족 이론(기든스, 2009: 339-340; 이여봉, 2014: 210-211)이나 한국의 국내재혼 연구(정현숙 외, 2000: 12-13)나 국제재혼 연구(장인실 외, 2012: 167-171)의 지적과는 달리 한국인 전혼자녀는 베트남 새어머니와 비교적 긍정적이고 친밀한 관계를 맺고 있었다. 특히, 국제재혼 여성에게 있어서 재혼 후 새로 출산한 자녀는 본인과 "한국 사회를 연결"하고 결혼 생활의 "정서적 지지" 역할을 하는 긍정적인 의미로 여겨지지만, 한국인 남편의 전혼 자녀의 경우 결혼 생활의 "갈등 요소"나 "스트레스 요소"로 작용한다(장인실 외, 2012: 167-171)는 지적과는 달리, 본 연구에서 한국인 전혼자녀는 저소득층으로서 어려운 경제 여건과 재혼 가족으로서의 어려운 가족 맥락 속에서 이복 새동생 돌봄의 주요 역할자이자 미래의 후견인으로서 재혼가족에서 필수적인 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 국제재혼가족의 다양한 구성원의 시각에서의 후속적인 연구 필요성을 제기한다. 또한, 저소득층 한국인 전혼자녀 청소년이 일반의 다문화가정 청소년만큼 적극적인 정책적 지원이 필요한 상황에 처해 있음을 시사한다. This exploratory study examines meanings and lived experiences of family by Korean adolescents who are family members of low-income cross-border remarriage between Korean fathers and their Vietnamese step-mothers. Based on family theory perspective that takes family tasks are negotiable and family obligations are constructed over the life long experiences (Finch 1989, Finch and Mason 1993) and that considers the importance of children's role in the family (Dreby 2007, 2010; Orellana 2009: 1-3) and through the lens of transnational migration theory (Bryceson and Vuorela 2002; Heisler, 2008; Khagram and Levitt 2008), we focus on the lived experiences of low-income families, from the perspective of adolescent children. A total of 8 adolescent informants, middle and high school students, was interviewed, using applied qualitative method (Guest et al. 2012). In contrast to the conventional family theory on step-parents and step-children relationships and on step-siblings relationships (Giddens 2009: 339-340: Lee YB 2014: 210-211), and cross-border marriage in Korea (Jang IS et al. 2012), this study finds that, in general, Korean adolescent children maintained either positive or at least neutral relationship with their step-mothers. Also, in contrast to the previous studies that step-children are viewed as "stumbling blocks of re-marriage" (Jung HS et al. 2000: 12-13), these Korean children provide pivotal role of important care-takers for their half-siblings from the current re-marriages and showed willingness to take up future patron/guardian-role of their half-siblings, even though many of these children live in a difficult financial and other familial conditions. These results call for further investigation of lived experiences of bi-ethnic cross-border remarriage families in diverse angles. Korean step-children in cross-border remarriage are situated in similar condition that requires proactive policy supports like their counterparts in cross-border marriage families in Korea.

A Feminist Approach to Drama for Children and Young Adults: Female Protagonists in Plays by Suzan Zeder

( Miseong Woo ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2013 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.21 No.3

Since the second wave of the feminist movement in the United States, feminist theories and criticism have attempted to renegotiate the status quo and modify gender relations and representations in all social, political, economic, and cultural arenas. Children`s drama has been one of the fields that that has been slow in terms of embracing the modified and advanced gender consciousness. Mainstream theater productions for children and young adults still are not only lacking in number of productions but also in need of more creative new materials to meet the changes in the psychological development of children and young adults today. Any kind of cultural impact for children at an early age can be powerful and long lasting, since they internalize gender concepts as early as they are able to recognize differences in people. This article examines representation of female protagonists in children`s drama from a feminist perspective. Historically, children`s literature has been regarded as marginal and peripheral, just as women`s literature has been devalued in the history of literature. Although there has been a growing body of scholarship on feminist theory and criticism in children`s literature since the 1990s, mainstream children`s theater has been frequently presented with adaptations of fairy tales and Disney movies and adventure stories that are still limited in their scope, topicality, and characterization. Particularly lacking in current children`s theater and drama are strong well-developed young female protagonists whom any audience of children and young adults, regardless of age and gender, can easily identify with. Suzan Zeder`s plays for a young audience cover a wide range of topics and familiar theatrical devices borrowed from traditional fairy tales and children`s literature, blending fantasy and realism. More than anything else, her female protagonists go through internal change and depart from the traditional female protagonists, whose femininity is frequently associated with passivity and docileness. Both Ellie in Step on a Crack (1974) and Girl in Mother Hicks (1990) are the best examples of an androgynous young female protagonist who struggles to adjust to a major change in life. Theater practitioners must seek mature themes and use a wide range of theatrical devices that are socially and psychologically relevant to the needs of contemporary young audiences.

지체장애아동 어머니들의 양육스트레스와 대처행동

정재권 ( Jae Kweon Chung ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2009 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구는 지체장애아동 어머니들의 양육스트레스와 대처행동을 알아보기 위해 전라북도에 거주하고 있는 지체장애아동 어머니 95명을 대상으로 하였다. 측정도구로는 양육스트레스척도와 대처행동척도를 사용하였고, 양육스트레스는 어머니의 실태와 자녀의 실태로 나누어 살펴보았다. 양육스트레스 수준 및 양육스트레스의 하위 영역별 수준을 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 t검증을 실시하여 유의차를 알아보았다. 대처행동 또한 어머니의 실태와 자녀의 실태로 나누어 전체 대처행동 수준 및 대처행동 하위 영역별 수준을 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 t검증을 실시하여 유의차를 알아보았다. 연구 결과를 토대로 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지체장애아동 어머니들의 양육스트레스 수준은 양육고민이나 부모-자녀 상호작용이 변인별에 따라 중학부 자녀를 둔 어머니가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 지체장애아동 어머니의 양육스트레스 대처행동은 적극적 노력형, 기분 해소형, 회피형 등 다양하게 나타났으며, 어머니의 학력에 따라서도 다르게 나타났다. This study was intended to investigate stress and a proper step of the mother having a children with physical disability. It was based on a study of 95 mothers having a children with physical disability and living in North Jeonbuk provinces. Nurture stress measure and step action measure were used as a measuring instrument. I investigated stress that was divided into two aspects; the actual conditions of mother and that of child. I calculated the average and the standard deviation, conducted t-test, and inquired into a significant difference in stress level and a proper step. The conclusion based on study results is as follows. First, Mothers having a children with physical disability have the average stress level and a proper step. Second, Stress level of mothers having a children with physical disability is various according to factors of the change. Third, A proper step for stress of mothers having a children with physical disability is quite diverse according to factors of the change. I’d like to make some suggestions based on study results. First, I have examined stress level and a proper step according to the actual conditions of mother and child. The study regarding other significant factors needs to be required as well. Second, Based on this study, various kinds of programs to lower stress and strengthen a proper step need to be developed for mothers who have a handicapped child.

Association between daily step counts and physical activity level among Korean elementary schoolchildren

( Jonghoon Park ),( Kazuko Ishikawa Takata ),( Sangjik Lee ),( Eunkyung Kim ),( Kiwon Lim ),( Hyungryul Kim ),( In Sook Lee ),( Shigeho Tanaka ) 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.3

[Purpose] The purpose of the current study was to investigate steps per day (steps/d) and physical activity level (PAL) in Korean elementary school children having normal weight (normal-weight). We also clarified whether a gender difference exited between steps/d and PAL. [Methods] Children aged 9 to 12 y were recruited from two elementary schools located in different urban districts in Korea. The present study included 33 Korean children, of which 18 were normal-weight boys and 15 were normal-weight girls. During the same 1 week study period under free-living conditions the total energy expenditure (TEE) and step counts were estimated using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and an accelerometer, respectively. We calculated PAL as the TEE/ resting metabolic rate. [Results] The range of PAL was 1.25 - 1.93 with a mean value of 1.57. None of the variables of energy expenditure was significantly different by sex. However, steps/d were significantly higher in boys than in girls. When adjusting regression analysis by gender, steps/ d were positively associated with PAL among all subjects (r = 0.56, P < 0.01). Furthermore, steps/d were positively associated with PAL in boys (r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but not in girls (r = 0.27, P = 0.34). [Conclusion] Our results suggest that locomotive activity may be the main contributor to the individual PAL differences for elementary school boys, while non-locomotive activity may be the main contributor for elementary school girls.

발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝운동이 뇌병변 장애 아동의 보행패턴과 인지기능에 미치는 영향

이기수,박정민,차준열 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.20

Objectives The purpose of this study was to help neurological disorders seen of the children and improve their quality of life by investigating the triple-task step exercise using foot markers program on gait pattern and cognitive function in mental retarded children. Methods In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 30 mental retarded children at N located in K city, were selected at random and allocated 10 mental retarded children each for the Non Exercise group (NEG), Deficient Exercise group(DEG), Over Exercise group (OEG) and measured kinematic gait pattern and cognitive function before and after the experiment. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program the two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. Results The conclusions obtained through this study were as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the change of gait pattern to functional cognitive gait pattern program, there were significantly improved in velocity, cadence, step length, stride length in OEG compared with NEG and DEG after 16 weeks. Second, as a result of analyzing the change of cognitive function according to functional cognitive gait pattern program, there were significantly improved in body part, number display, movement, operation in OEG compared with NEG and DEG after 16 weeks. Conclusions As conclusions, this study confirmed that the triple-task step exercise using foot markers program could improve the gait pattern and cognitive function in the mental retarded children. 목적 본 연구는 뇌 병변 장애 아동들을 대상으로 발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝 운동프로그램 전과 후에 보행패턴과 인지기능에미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행된 연구이다. 방법 이를 위하여 본 연구는 S지역 소재 특수체육센터에 내방중인 13세에서 16세 뇌병변 장애아동 30명을 대상으로 비 운동 대조그룹(NEG; Non-Exercise group/ n=10), 보행 운동 참여그룹(GEG: Gait Exercise group/ n=10), 삼중과제 스텝운동 참여그룹(TEG: Triple-task Exercise group /n=10)으로 선정하여 16주간 발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝 운동을 진행하였다. 본 연구수행을 통해 얻어진 자료는 SPSS 26.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 반복측정이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 결과 첫째, 발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝 운동에 따른 뇌병변장애 아동들의 보행패턴을 분석한 결과 보장, 활보장의 크기와 보행속도의 증가 및 분속수의 단축에서 TEG가 GEG와 NEG에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 개선되었으며, 보행패턴의 시간적, 공간적변인의 긍정적인 변화를 나타냈다. 둘째, 발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝 운동에 따른 뇌병변장애 아동들의 인지기능을 분석한 결과시⋅감각적 변인인 신체부위, 숫자표기, 동작, 조작의 모든 변인에서 TEG가 GEG와 NEG에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다. 결론 본 연구를 종합해 볼 때, 발마커를 이용한 삼중과제 스텝 운동 프로그램이 뇌 병변 장애 아동들의 보행패턴과 인지기능에 효과적인 운동임을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히, TEG 그룹의 보행패턴과 인지기능 변인의 긍정적인 변화와 GEG 그룹의 변화는 비 운동대조 그룹에 비해 긍정적인 결과임을 확인한 결과이다.

면접교섭권자의 범위확대의 기준과 한계 ―형제자매, 제3자의 면접교섭권을 중심으로 ―

최민수 한국가족법학회 2022 가족법연구 Vol.36 No.2

The appearance of the family in modern society has changed due to the increase in divorce and remarriage. Accordingly, the parenting patterns of the children who are members of the family have been diversified. In the end, there has been a steady discussion that the subject of visitation rights under article 837-2 of the civil act, which is recognized only by one parent who does not raise the child after divorce, should be expanded. Accordingly, the scope of visitation rights was expanded by partial revision of the Civil Act on December 2, 2016, and according to Article 837-2(2) of the revised Civil Act, the subjects of Visitation Rights under the Civil Act are children, non-custodial parents, a lineal ascendant of non-custodial parents. However, the question of whether siblings, relatives, step parents, a third party who has no kinship but has actually played a role of a parent except parents and grandparents stipulated in civil law should be granted the right to interview with their children. Article 837-2(2) of the current Civil Act limits the scope of a third party who can request interview negotiations to the a lineal ascendant of one parent and in the case of lineal ascendant, the right of interview and negotiation is recognized only when certain requirements are met. However, compared to foreign legislative cases, the attitude of the Korean Civil Law regarding the subject of this visitation right is a relatively passive position. Under the current civil law, siblings cannot be the subject of the right to interview and negotiation. If the relationship between brothers and sisters is cut off, such as when the relationship between parents and children is cut off, legislative consideration is needed for this, and in this respect, siblings need to be expanded to the subject of interview negotiation. In addition, the right of step-parents to negotiate interviews with their step-children is not recognized in the interpretation of the current law (Article 837-2 (1) and (2)). However, if step parents have formed a social- family-relationship based on affection and trust with their stepchildren for a long time, and acknowledging interview negotiations is in line with the welfare of their children, I think it is desirable to admit interview negotiations to step parents. The foster care parent are also not included in the right to interview negotiations, but it is necessary to recognize the right to interview the child’s foster care parent after the family entrustment is terminated.

장애아동 부모를 위한 징검다리 긍정적 양육 프로그램(Stepping Stones Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, 이하 SSTP) 국외 연구동향

백예은 한국발달장애학회 2018 발달장애연구 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this article is to investigate the research trends in the effectiveness of SSTP, a representative evidence-based behavioral practice for parents of children with disabilities from 2003 to 2017 and to identify behavioral interventions for children with disabilities in Korea. A total of 10 researches published in foreign countries were selected and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent and dependent variables were divided into details to identify the characteristics of each study. The result revealed that the studies about SSTP had most frequently appeared in 2014, and the participants for the studies were recruited according to the type of child disability. SSTP, developed as the early intervention, has been found to be effective especially for young children with disabilities. Many studies were more likely to provide the families with the standard SSTP and also provide the parents with the additional sessions focused on a specific topic depending on the individual needs of the parents. SSTP has appeared to be effective in making positive changes in children's behavior, parents' behavior and emotions, as well as positive changes in relationships including parent-child interactions and marital relationships. Finally, implications for practice and future research directions are discussed. 본 연구는 2003년부터 2017년까지 장애아동의 부모들을 위한 대표적인 증거기반의 행동중재인 SSTP의 효과를 살펴본 연구의 동향을 알아보고, 국내에 필요한 장애아동 문제행동 중재 방향을 제안하고자 실시되었다. 문헌 선정 기준에 따라 국외 SSTP 관련 문헌 10편을 선정하여 연구의 전반적인 특징을 살펴보고, 각 연구의 세부적인 특징을 알아보기 위해 독립변인 및 종속변인을 세부요인으로 나누어 분석하였다. 문헌 분석 결과 SSTP 효과 연구는 2014년 가장 많이 나타났으며, 자녀의 다양한 장애 유형에 따라 참여 부모들을 모집하였다. 장애아동의 조기중재 목적으로 개발된 프로그램의 특성상 어린 장애아동들에게 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 독립변인은 부모들의 개별 요구에 따라 기본 SSTP에 특정 주제에 관련한 추가 회기를 제공하거나 중재를 간소화시킨 연구들이 많았다. 종속변인은 아동의 행동 변화와 부모의 양육 행동 및 정서 관련 변화를 살펴본 연구들이 많았으며, 부모-자녀 상호작용, 부부 관계 등 다양한 관계의 변화를 살펴본 연구들도 있었다. 국외 증거기반의 행동중재를 기반으로 국내 상황에 맞는 장애아동 부모들을 위한 행동적 양육 중재 및 향후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

An Empirical Study on Variables Affecting the Regularity of Children’s Wakeup Time, Bedtime and Breakfast: Focusing on Activities Related to Sweat, Step, Sleep, and Sit

( Sung Joo Lee ) 중앙대학교 학교체육연구소 2020 Asian Journal of Physical Education of Sport Scien Vol.8 No.3

This study empirically analyzed the effects of moderate- and high-intensity (Sweat) and low-intensity (Step) physical activities and sleeping (Sleep) and sedentary (Sit) activities on the regularity of children’s wakeup time, bedtime, and breakfast. It measured weekly days and daily hours of physical activity for Sweat, time to walk to school for Step, weekly days of rapid sleep onset and adequate sleep duration for Sleep, and daily hours of electronic device usage for Sit. The participants were 594 students in grade 1 to 6 in five elementary schools in Inchon Metropolitan city. The data was analyzed through three ordinal logistic regressions. The results revealed that the more weekly days of physical activity and adequate sleep duration and the fewer daily hours of electronic device usage, the higher regularity of the children’s wakeup time, bedtime, and breakfast. Then this study discussed the academic and practical implications and limitations, along with further studies.

다문화 아동문학에 나타난 문화적 개입: 미국 이주자 아동문학을 중심으로

정정미 ( Jung Mee Jung ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2014 현대영어영문학 Vol.58 No.4

This study focuses on three works, Esperanza Rising by Pam Nunoz Ryan, A Step from Heaven by An Na and Kira-Kira by Cynthia Kadohata, as multicultural children`s works. These writers or their parents/grandparents immigrated to the States and they explored the immigrant children`s suffering and growth in the multicultural context. As the works we have spotlighted in this article suggest, children are exposed to a variety of cultural interventions in an adult-centered community as well as predominantly white-centered society. They have the double burdens of accommodating the sufferings of their immigrant parents and acculturating to mainstream culture. The main characters, Esperanza, Young Ju and Katie, reflect adults` prejudice on race, class and culture to some extent and, on the other hand, aspire to be ‘good’ and successful children, ultimately to realize American Dreams of success. Accordingly, the works about immigrant children evoke a number of stereotyped cultural markers and show stereotypic misrepresentations of people though they are of the goals of multiculturalism.