STUDY ON THE CAPABILITY TO MEASURE STAKEHOLDERS’ BRAND EXPERIENCES WITH A CONSUMER-CENTRIC MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK

Ulla A. Saari,Saku J. Mäkinen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

The target of this paper is to introduce a general brand experience measurement scale that can be used to measure brand experiences of the stakeholders of a company. It is proposed that also stakeholders’ brand experiences can be measured with a measurement scale developed for consumer marketing research. In literature, there are various different kinds of individual brand constructs and measurement frameworks that have been developed for tracking consumers’ brand perceptions; however, these models have not been frequently used to measure brandrelated aspects outside consumer-centric situations. The tracking of stakeholders’ brand experiences can help companies to position their brands better in the tightening global competition where also stakeholders have a critical role and can influence the performance of the company (Hult, Mena, Ferrell, & Ferrell, 2011). Brands are experienced via stimuli that can be either controlled by the company, including, for example, advertisements, logos, sales environments, sales packages, and services, or then they are out of their control, for example, brand related information can spread freely on the social media or by word-of-mouth (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009; Keller, 2013). Thus, it can be said that the measurement of brand experiences can give valuable information to the company on what is the status and reputation of the brand. However, it is not only the customers or consumers that have brand experiences, also stakeholders encounter brands and the way they experience them on the personal level can have a major impact on how they interact and promote the brand in other contexts. Some B2B marketing theories have brought up the importance of understanding long-term relationships between buyers and sellers, including experiences associated with the relationship (Hadjikhani & LaPlaca, 2013) as well as purchase risks (Brown, Zablah, Bellenger, & Johnston, 2011). Brands are experienced via stimuli that can be either controlled by the company, including, for example, advertisements, logos, sales environments, sales packages, and services, or then they are out of their control, for example, brand related information can spread freely on the social media or by word-of-mouth (Brakus, Schmitt, & Zarantonello, 2009; Keller, 2013). Thus, it can be said that the measurement of brand experiences can give valuable information to the company on what is the status and reputation of the brand. However, it is not only the customers or consumers that have brand experiences, also stakeholders encounter brands and the way they experience them on the personal level can have a major impact on how they interact and promote the brand in other contexts. Some B2B marketing theories have brought up the importance of understanding long-term relationships between buyers and sellers, including experiences associated with the relationship (Hadjikhani & LaPlaca, 2013) as well as purchase risks (Brown, Zablah, Bellenger, & Johnston, 2011). Brand experiences can be measured, for example, with a measurement scale (Brakus et al., 2009) that has been extended with an eco-friendliness dimension (Saari, 2016). This model has been tested with consumers, and this paper argues that the same scale can be useful for monitoring the brand experiences of other stakeholders as well. The extended brand experience scale can be used to monitor whether consumers and stakeholders experience a certain brand to be ecofriendly, and how positively or negatively they are inclined towards the eco-friendliness of the brand experiences. With the raising focus on stakeholders’ important role in solving environmental problems, the role of stakeholder marketing becomes more critical for a company (Homburg, Stierl, & Bornemann, 2013). And in this situation it becomes also more crucial to follow up what are the brand experiences of stakeholders. The stakeholders’ brand experiences can give a strong indication is the company implementing its strategy correctly and are all the essential elements transparently and authentically communicated to the stakeholders, especially with regard to the environmental development activities that are reflected in the eco-friendliness dimension of brand experiences.

기업의 사회적 책임 이론에서 이해관계자 접근방식에 관한 연구

이용균,황성수 대한경영정보학회 2023 경영과 정보연구 Vol.42 No.3

오늘날 기업들은 경쟁력을 향상시키고 사회의 기대에 부응하기 위해 환경, 사회, 지배구조(ESG)에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있다. ESG는 기업의 비재무적 성과를 판단하는 기준으로 개별 기업의 사회적 책임 정도를 측정하기 위하여 개발되었다. 따라서 ESG 경영이란 조직이 이해관계자와 상생 관계를 형성함으로써 지속가능성을 추구하는 경영활동이라고 할 수 있다. 이해관계자들은 기업이 필요로 하는 자원의 흐름을 조절하는 힘을 가지고 있기 때문에 현실에서 기업들은 이해관계자와 의존적인 혹은 종속적인 관계를 가지고 있다. 또한 기업들은 윤리와 비즈니스는 통합되어야 중장기적인 관점에서 가치를 창출한다는 점에서 점점 더 이해관계자 중심의 경영을 받아들이고 있다. CSR은 이해관계자의 관심과 요구를 인식하고 현재의 지속가능성과 미래 세대를 위한 환경을 보존하는 동안 기업이 경제적, 사회적, 환경적 조건에서 조화로운 운영하도록 하는 기업경영의 수행 방식으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이해관계자 이론과 CSR에 관련된 주요 문헌들을 검토하여 이론적 개념을 분석하고 CSR 이론에서 이해관계자들의 요구에 접근하는 방식에 대하여 살펴보았다. 이해관계자와 CSR에 관련된 문헌들을 검토한 연구결과, CSR 이론에서 이해관계자의 접근은 적극적 또는 수동적으로 접근하는 이해관계자, 이해관계자의 속성을 통한 접근, 이해관계자의 압력에 따른 접근, 이해관계자와의 의사소통을 통한 접근, CSR의 4단계 모델을 통한 접근 등이 있는 것으로 제시하였다. Companies today are increasingly interested in the environment, society, and governance(ESG) to improve their competitiveness and meet society's expectations. ESG was developed to measure the degree of social responsibility of individual companies as a criterion for judging a company's non-financial performance. Therefore, ESG management can be said to be a management activity in which an organization pursues sustainability by forming a win-win relationship with stakeholders. In reality, companies have a dependent relationship with stakeholders because stakeholders have the power to control the flow of resources that companies need. In addition, companies are increasingly accepting stakeholder-oriented management in that ethics and business must be integrated to create value from a mid- to long-term perspective. CSR is recognized as a way of performing corporate management that recognizes stakeholder interests and needs and ensures that companies operate in harmony under economic, social and environmental conditions while preserving current sustainability and the environment for future generations. In this study, major literature related to stakeholder theory and CSR was reviewed to analyze theoretical concepts and to approach stakeholder needs in CSR theory. As a result of reviewing the literature related to stakeholders and CSR, it was suggested that stakeholders' approaches in CSR theory include active or passive access, access through stakeholder attributes, access under stakeholder pressure, communication with stakeholders, and access through a four-step model of CSR.

이해관계자의 요구와 감가상각방법 선택의 관련성

이화득,박선희 한국세무학회 2012 세무와 회계저널 Vol.13 No.3

Management’s key roles are coordinated with the various interests between the external and internal stakeholders to pursue firms’ growth and profitability and maximize the firm value. Firms often enter into explicit contracts with their stakeholder, but many ongoing relations remain implicit in practice. Implied commitments generally have no legal standing, a firm is able to negotiate with its stakeholders depend in part on the firm's reputation for fulfilling its implied commitments. Stakeholders that related to directly or indirectly the firm's profitability and growth are likely to use to such a firm's financial condition and reported accounting numbers to help assess the firm's reputation for fulfilling its implicit claims, and so will pay attention to that. Implicit claims of the stakeholders over the long term are a significant factor in the firm’s survival and development. Therefore, management's choice of income-increasing accounting methods predict positively associated with the extent to which the firm depends on implicit claims with these stakeholder groups and growth of assets. But such accounting-based choice did little to study. In this study, based on theory and anecdotal evidence, between a firm and its stakeholders;customers, suppliers, employees and short-term creditors create incentives for management to choose long-run income-increasing depreciation methods. This study Bowen et al.(1995) and, by extension, the depreciation method is chose stakeholders in the accounting their implicit claims and growth of assets is to analyze how the affecting. With respect to the implicit claims of the stakeholders selected proxies and the control variables are found to be significant in explaining cross-sectional variation in depreciation methods:firm size, debt ratio, return on assets, internal concentration of ownership, and how to choose the depreciation method with respect to the systematic empirical analysis was associated significantly. A common conclusion in this paper is that a firm is able to negotiate with four specific stakeholders groups;customers, suppliers, employees and short-term creditors depend on its reputation for fulfilling its implicit claims. This provides management with an incentive to choose income-increasing depreciation methods, and strength of this incentive varies with the extent to which the firm depends on implicit claims with its stakeholders, especially customers, suppliers and employees. And supposing that the assets increase or maintain at certain level, these firms usually choose a income -increasing depreciation method. 경영자는 기업의 수익성 증대와 성장을 추구하고, 기업가치의 극대화를 위하여 내․외부이해관계자와의 다양한 이해관계를 조정하는 역할을 한다. 이해관계자의 요구사항이 명시적인 계약서에 나타나 있는 경우도 있고, 기업의 관행이나 실무에서 암묵적으로 나타나기도 한다. 따라서 이해관계자와의 계약조건이 계약서상에 나타나는 경우는 매우 일부분이며 대부분이 암묵적으로 존재한다. 일반적으로 이해관계자들은 그들의 암묵적인 이해관계가 직․간접적으로 기업의 수익성과 성장성 등과 관련이 있어 기업의 재무상태와 수익성 등에 관심을 기울일 것이다. 이해관계자의 암묵적 요구사항이 기업의 장기적으로 생존과 발전에 중요한 요인이 되며, 이해관계자의 암묵적 요구사항이 회계선택에 상당한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 하지만 이에 기반을 둔 회계선택 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 Bowen et al.(1995)을 확장하여, 이해관계자의 암묵적 요구가 감가상각방법의 회계선택시 영향을 미치는지와 관련하여 살펴보고자 한다. 국내에서는 외국보다는 보상계약이나 부채계약과 같은 명시적인 계약이 거의 이용되지 않고 있고, 이용되더라도 일부 대기업을 중심으로 부분적으로만 이용되기 때문에 이해관계자들의 암무적인 요구에 근거한 회계선택 연구가 매우 중요하다. 따라서 경영자는 고객, 공급업자, 종업원, 그리고 단기채권자 사이에 존재하는 암묵적 요구사항들로 인하여 이익을 증가시키는 감가상각방법을 선택할 유인이 있는지 여부의 관련성을 분석하였다. 이해관계자의 암묵적 요구 및 자산성장성와 감가상각방법 선택과의 관련성을 분석하는데 있어서 기업규모, 부채비율, 총자산수익률, 내부소유집중도 등을 통제변수로 포함하여 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 경영자는 내․외부이해관계자들 중에서 특히 고객, 공급업자와 종업원들의 암묵적 요구에 의존하여 이익을 상향 보고할 수 있는 감가상각방법(즉, 정액법)을 선택할 것이라는 가설에 일치하는 유의한 결과가 도출되었다. 그리고 자산이 일정수준으로 유지되거나 증대되는 경우가 일반적이며, 이러한 기업들은 상향 보고할 수 있는 감가상각방법을 선택할 것이라는 가설에 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

국가관할권이원 해양유전자원의 이익공유 형태에 대한 한국이해관계자의 입장 검토 : UN BBNJ 협상에서의 논의를 중심으로

이길원(Lee, Kil Won),김진영(Kim, Jin Young),모영동(Moh, Youngdawng) 성균관대학교 법학연구원 2021 성균관법학 Vol.33 No.3

국제연합(United Nations, UN) 총회는 국가관할권이원 해양생물다양성(biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, BBNJ)의 보존 및 지속가능한 이용과 관련하여 UN해양법협약에 따라 법적 구속력이 있는 국제문서(이하 ‘BBNJ 법률문서’)를 개발하기로 결정하였다. BBNJ 협상의 주요 의제 중 하나는 해양유전자원의 거버넌스이다. 이는 선진국과 개발도상국 사이 첨예하게 대립하는 이슈에 해당한다. 앞으로의 문안 작성을 위한 정부간 회의(Intergovernmental Conference)에서 해당 이슈에 대한 당사국간 의견 수렴여부가 새로운 문서의 성안여부를 확정 지을 결정적 변수가 될 것으로 보인다. BBNJ 법률문서는 국가들뿐만 아니라 국내 이해관계자들에게도 상당한 영향을 미치기 때문에, 각국 정부들은 이들의 입장에 대한 명확한 이해를 바탕으로 BBNJ 협상에 참여하여야 할 것이다. 본 협상에 적극적으로 참여하고 있는 한국 정부는 최근 자신의 입장을 표명한 문안 제안서(textual proposals)를 제출한 바 있으나, 국내 이해관계자들의 의견이 해당 제안서에 충분히 반영되었는지는 확실치 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 국가관할권이원 해양유전자원 의제 중 이익공유 형태에 관한 한국 이해관계자들의 의견을 검토하고, 관련 논의에 대한 향후 방향에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. ‘델파이 기법(Delphi Technique)’을 활용한 세 차례의 설문 조사를 실시하여 국내이해관계자들의 의견을 확인하였다. 조사 결과에 따르면, ‘비금전적 이익’의 공유에 대한 국내이해관계자들의 입장이 불명확하다는 점에서 한국 정부가 ‘비금전적 이익’에 대한 자발적 공유를 규정할 것을 제안한 것으로 이해된다. 한편, 국내이해관계자들이 ‘금전적 이익’에 대한 공유를 선호하지 않는다는 점이 확인되었다. 인간의 노력이나 창작활동에 따라 발생한 ‘금전적 이익’을 공유하는 것에 대해 부담을 가지는 것으로 이해되며, 이러한 태도는 정부의 입장과 일치하는 것이기도 하다. The United Nations General Assembly decided to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regarding the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Among the various issues discussed, an important part of the negotiations in the BBNJ negotiations concerns the governance of marine genetic resources, including the question of benefit-sharing. As this is one of the issues over which developed and developing countries have been in the sharpest conflict, reaching a consensus over this issue will act as a major determinant of the successful drafting of the new international instrument. As the ILBI will affect domestic stakeholders in each state, state governments have no choice but to engage in the BBNJ negotiations based on a clear understanding of the positions of all domestic stakeholders. The Korean government has submitted textual proposals, which address the position of itself, for consideration at the last session of the Intergovernmental Conference, but it remains unclear whether the opinions of domestic stakeholders are fully reflected in the proposals. Therefore, this study attempts to assess the opinions of Korean domestic stakeholders, particularly, on the modality of benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources and intends to suggest the future direction of the relevant discussion. Three rounds of a questionnaire survey are conducted by using the Delphi technique to effectively assess the opinions of domestic stakeholders. According to the result of the survey, as the position of the domestic stakeholders on the sharing of non-monetary benefits is unclear, the Korean government seems to maintain its position that non-monetary benefits could be shared but only on a ‘voluntary’ basis. In terms of the sharing of monetary benefits, on the other hand, domestic stakeholders opinions converged successfully, as it was found that they do not prefer the sharing of such benefits as a system of monetary obligations may discourage states from developing marine genetic resources and, thus, hinder scientific research. This is apparently in line with the view of the government.

Mega Sport Event and Social Capital: A Host Community Perspective Comparison in Korea and the US through Social Conflict Theory

Seong-Hee Park,Michael Cottingham,Won-Jae Seo 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.9

Purpose – The current study is to compare the cognition of stakeholders on hosting a mega sports event between Korea and the United States. In particular, to understand their cognition and perceptual conflict towards hosting a mega sports event, the study employed conflict theory. Furthermore, the study reviewed the role of social capital in the process of managing the mega sports events. Research Design, Data, and Methodology – Of homogeneous sampling, purposeful sampling method and criterion-based selection approach were used to collect interview data from key stakeholders who have been involved in hosting a mega sports events in Korea and the United States. In-depth interview transcripts were reviewed multiple tiems after transcription to extract concepts and meanings that were pertinenet to the experience involving hosting a mega sports event. Further member checks was conducted to increase the credibility of the results. Results – Results can be summarized as followed: First, stakeholders of Korea have a strong desire for positive economic effects of a mega sports event, compared to those in the United States who are more concerned in enhancing the public interests and concerns. Second, in Korea, various socio-political issues emerged at the same time and conflicts among multiple stakeholders have aggravated the situations to coordinate the issues. This was because legal system supporting socio-trust has not been established. On the other hand, major stakeholders of the United States consisted of community members who have socio-trust and networks. Thereby these social resources have been found playing a key role in building social capital that assists the stakeholders to coordinate the current issues and to solve them. Conclusions – The current study analyzed the cognition and perceptual conflict of stakehoders in a mega sports event. Social capital has beend found as a key catalyst to increase a network and cooperation among stakeholders. In order to enhance social capital in managing a mega sports event hosted in Korea, legal systems that establish networks and relationships among the related stakeholders need to be developed. Furthermore, the systematic guideline needs to be developed, organizing the sub-committees according to the types of stakeholders and the categorized common needs.

특별섹션 논문 : 가족기업의 승계프로세스 관련 이해관계자별 영향요인에 관한 문헌검토

김선화 ( Sun Hwa Kim ),남영호 ( Young Ho Nam ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.3

본 논문은 가족기업의 승계관련 해외문헌을 검토한 문헌연구로 선행연구를 바탕으로 가족기업의 승계에 영향을 미치는 이해관계자 요인 및 승계프로세스 단계별 현 경영자와 후계자의 역할을 분석하고 이를 종합 정리하였다. 승계에 영향을 미치는 이해관계자(stakeholder)는 현 경영자, 후계자, 가족 및 비 가족(non-family) 관리자로 구분하여 각각의 요인을 분석하였고, 승계프로세스는 5단계로 1단계 : 현 경영자의 단독 경영, 2단계 : 후계자 개발과 훈련, 3단계 : 파트너십, 4단계 : 리더십의 점진적인 이전, 5단계 : 경영권의 이전으로 구분하여 각 단계별 현 경영자와 후계자의 역할 및 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고 분석결과를 종합하여 가족기업의 승계프로세스 프레임워크를 제시하는데 이는 성공적 승계에 영향을 미치는 현 경영자와 후계자, 가족 그리고 비 가족 관리자의 역할과 특성 및 승계프로세스 단계별 현 경영자와 후계자의 역할을 종합한 것이다. 승계프로세스에 있어 현 경영자관련 주요 요인은 자발적 은퇴의도, 회사운영의 비전과 가치의 설정 및 공유, 후계자 훈련 및 핵심지식 이전 등이고, 후계자관련 주요 요인은 후계자의 능력, 자발적 승계의도, 후계자의 성향 등이다. 또한 선행연구를 통해 전체 승계프로세스에서 가장 중요한 요인으로 분석된 것은 현 경영자와 후계자간 신뢰기반의 좋은 관계이다. 그리고 가족관련 주요요인은 가족의 화합, 후계자에 대한 신뢰, 가족기업에 대한 헌신 등이며 승계에 있어 비 가족 관리자 요인은 후계자에 대한 신뢰 및 후계자와의 좋은 관계이다. 연구를 종합하여 정리한 가족기업의 승계프로세스 프레임워크는 이러한 현 경영자와 후계자의 특성과 함께 후계자의 성장에 따라 후계자와 경영자의 역할이 조정되는 5단계의 동태적 프로세스로 구성되었다. Family firms play a significant role in the global economy, but despite their importance, research evidence points to their low survival rate. Therefore, it is not surprising that management succession is the most frequently researched topic in family business literature. While acknowledging that there are various definitions of a family business, in this article we follow the premise that it is "a business governed and managed by members of the same family in a manner that is potentially sustainable across generations of the family." The succession process involves the actions, events, and developments that affect the transfer of managerial control from one family member to another. Successful management succession for a family firm consists of two interactive dimensions. The first is the family members` satisfaction with the way the succession process is carried out. The other relates to how the succession affects the subsequent performance of the firm. Satisfaction with the succession process is crucial because of its direct impact on the relationships between family members and on effectiveness. The relationship between satisfaction and effectiveness is likely to be inter-temporal in nature. According to the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business, almost 70% of family companies established between 1970 and 1980, during the era of rapid economic development, will be facing business succession during the next 10 years. However, research into family businesses succession is rare in Korea. The purpose of this study is to review literature on family business succession, and take a more comprehensive and integrative approach to the succession process and the stakeholders` perspectives. To examine the stakeholder factors effectively, we have studied 55 articles taken from the Family Business Review (FBR) between 1988 and 2010. We first analyzed the factors that influence successful transition by stakeholders, then classified the succession process and integrated the key stakeholders` roles at each stage of the process. The succession process in a family firm involves numerous participants, with the key stakeholders being the incumbent, successor, family members, and non-family managers. We analyzed the factors that influence successful succession and summarized the relative frequency of the most common findings from the literature we reviewed. One of the most frequently mentioned factors was incumbent attributes, characterized by the quality of the relationship with the successor (36%), effectively communicated and shared values for the future of the family business between family member and successor (24%), willingness to let go (18%), and knowledge transition, nurturing and development of the successor (16%). An equally important category is that of the successor. Variables or dimensions such as the successor`s management ability (20%), willingness to take over (20%), early exposure to the family business (13%), the successor`s attributes (13%), outside work experience (7%), and gaining legitimacy and credibility in the eyes of the stakeholders (5%) are viewed as critical to a successful succession. So is the quality of the relationship inside the family, including harmony (22%), family members` trust in the potential successor (16%), and commitment to the family business (11%). Another often mentioned but little characterized category was the non-family manager, as the employee`s trust in the successor (18%) is also revealed as an important factor. In summary, the most frequently mentioned factor for a successful succession in the literature we reviewed is the quality of the incumbent-successor relationship. Succession is to be viewed as a process, not an event, and must be fully understood and internalized from the perspective of the key stakeholders involved. A straightforward seven-stage model of succession in a family business, based on the successor, has been developed by Longenecker and Schoen. Churchill and Hatten proposed a four-stage life cycle approach to succession, while Handler put forward a four-stage process for the role adjustment required between predecessors and next-generation family members during succession. If taken together, the models described by the researchers allow the process to be divided into four stages. In the first stage, the owner is the only family member involved in the business. The second stage comprises a training and development period for the successor, while the third stage is a partnership period in which the owner shares the leadership of the business with the successor. Finally, the fourth stage involves the power transfer, in which responsibilities shift to the successor. However, some researchers have suggested there is a critical point in the process at which the successor needs to take charge, located somewhere between stages three and four in the model. In this research, we tried to develop an integrated framework for the succession process that includes important variables with regards to the key stakeholders-incumbent and successor-at each stage. This included a period of phase-in and out between stages three and four as suggested by some researchers, meaning the succession process is actually divided into five stages. We then integrated the role of the incumbent leader and successor in each stage as follows. In the first stage, the incumbent is a sole operator and the successor has no role in the business. At this point, researchers recommend the successor`s early exposure to the business, and working part-time within it. During the second stage, we view the incumbent as ruler and the successor as helper. The incumbent`s role is to transfer knowledge and train the successor, and the successor starts working outside of the family firm or working full-time within the family business at the entry level. The third stage is the partnership period between incumbent and successor. Here the incumbent has six roles (supervisor, teacher, protector, introducer, mobilizer, and collaborator), while the successor has a managerial role. The incumbent relinquishing control, commensurate with the growth in the successor`s ability and authority, occurs during the fourth stage. This is the healthy, mutual role adjustment pattern that precedes a smooth succession. Finally, in the fifth stage, the incumbent becomes a mentor and advisor, and the successor becomes the leader of the organization. Contrary to other theoretical models in which the final phase is characterized by the definitive withdrawal of the predecessor from the firm, we suggest they take on the roles of safeguard and observer to the organization, and mentor and advisor to the successor. In this study, in order to systematize the succession process in a family business, we reviewed previous studies on family business succession and suggested a succession process framework. However, there may be limitations in applying the framework directly to Korean family firms because all the literature was based on Western family businesses, which possess different cultural backgrounds. In order to apply this study to Korean family firms, some case studies appropriate for the specific cultural framework are required. Nevertheless, we expect this paper to be helpful for owners preparing for business succession, as there is a scarcity of articles and books describing this process in Korea. Furthermore, it will be helpful to researchers studying family business succession in the future.

회생절차에서의 관계인집회 운영에 관한 제문제

이진웅(Lee Jin Woong) 한국법학원 2013 저스티스 Vol.- No.138

회생절차는 집단적 의사결정 과정을 통해 진행되고, 그 과정의 중심에는 관계인집회가 있다. 채무자 회생 및 파산에 관한 법률(이하 ‘채무자회생법’)은 제1회 관계인집회와 회생계획안의 심리를 위한 관계인집회 그리고 회생계획안의 결의를 위한 관계인집회를 규정하고 있다. 여러 사람이 한 자리에 모여야 하는 집회의 속성상 관계인 집회 개최에는 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되므로, 관계인집회의 병합은 회생절차의 간소화에 큰 도움이 된다. 종래 법원의 실무는 주로 회생계획안의 심리와 결의를 위한 관계인집회를 병합하여 진행해 왔다. 최근에는 제1회 관계인집회까지도 나머지 집회와 병합하여 하루에 모든 집회를 한꺼번에 진행하는 방안이 모색되고 실제 사건에서 시행된 바도 있다. 제1회 관계인집회를 나머지 집회와 병합하여 하루에 모두 진행할 수 있는지에 관한 문제는 회생채권자 등 이해관계인에 대한 충분한 정보의 제공이라는 관점 그리고 회생채권자 등 이해관계인의 회생계획안 제출권의 보장이라는 관점에서 검토되어야 한다. 필자는 다수의 채권자들이 동의하는 사전계획안이 제출된 사안에서 절차의 신속성이 매우 중요한 요소가 되고 있고, 이해관계인 심문기일 등을 통해 채권자 등에게 충분한 정보가 제공되었으며, 다른 채권자 등이 회생계획안을 제출할 것이 예상되지 않는 예외적인 상황에서만 제1회 관계인집회를 다른 집회와 병합할 수 있다고 주장한다. 한편 회생채권자 등의 절차적인 권리를 충분히 보장하기 위해서는 회생채권자 등에게 불리한 영향을 미치는 회생계획 수정안이 제출된 경우에는 이미 같은 날로 지정된 회생계획안 심리를 위한 관계인집회와 결의를 위한 관계인집회를 분리한 다음, 먼저 심리를 위한 관계인집회만을 진행한 후 결의를 위한 관계인집회는 연기하는 실무의 확립을 주장한다. 마지막으로 필자는 향후 관계인집회에 관한 채무자회생법 규정을 개정할 때나 실무를 운영함에 있어 회생채권자 등에 대한 충분한 정보의 제공과 회생계획안 제출권이라는 관점을 놓치지 말아야 함을 강조한다. Rehabilitation procedure is based on the informed suffrage of the stakeholders. At the center of the procedure lies the stakeholders" meeting. Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act has the statutes that provide a ground for the first stakeholders" meeting, the meeting of hearing for the contents of the plan(hereinafter “second meeting”), and the meeting of hearing for the confirmation of the plan(hereinafter “third meeting”). It usually takes much time and money to hold the above meetings. Therefore, it is very useful to combine the meetings for expediting the rehabilitation procedure. For this reason, the court has usually combined the second and third meetings. Moreover, very recently in one case, all of the three meetings were combined, and since then, many practitioners have been discussing whether all of the three meetings can be combined. Now, the issue is very controversial. The author maintains that the problem should be discussed in the light of the informed suffrage and the right to file the plan. From this perspective, the author argues that all of the three meetings can be combined only under the special circumstances where the majority of the creditors file the same plan, the expediting of the procedure is one of the key factors for the success of the rehabilitation, the adequate information is provided to the stakeholders, and no one else is willing to file the plan. And the author contends that the court separates the second and third meetings when the stakeholders are likely to be impaired by the modification of the plan. By holding the meeting on the different days, the stakeholders may have the opportunity to review the plan and enough time to make the proper decision on the plan. Finally, the author emphasizes the importance of the perspective of the informed suffrage and the protection of the right to file the plan when amending the Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act and establishing the practice with regard to holding or combining the meetings in rehabilitation procedure.

청년정책에서 청년은 어떤 이해관계자인가? 주목가치모형의 적용

최영훈,박정민,김의경 단국대학교 융합사회연구소 2022 공공정책과 국정관리 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze in what sense the youth is important in youth policy. Based upon Mitchell et al. (1997)'s stakeholder salience (MAW) model, email surveys and individual interviews was fielded towards 105 young people, youth practitioners, and public officials. The research found that the young people are perceived to be the most-frequently-reported stakeholder group in the youth policy, and that they are more seemingly to be types of stakeholders who suffers from power deficit, such as ‘dependent’, ‘demading’, and ‘discretionary’ stakeholders. It is also found that so-called official or institutional actors, including the central govenrment, local assemblies, metropolitan city major or district heads were more likely perceived as the ‘definitive’ stakeholder. Finally these results remain almost similar to those of the youth respondent group only. Overall, findings suggest that young people are more likely perceived to be a target group in the youth policy, rather than leading one. Finally, theoretical and policy implications are discussed. 본 연구는 청년정책에서 청년이 어떠한 의미에서 중요한 이해관계자인가라는 물음에 대해, Mitchell et al. (1997)의 이해관계자 주목가치 (MAW) 모형을 통해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 및 면접조사을 통해 청년정책의 이해관계자의 유형화 과정을 거쳤다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 청년정책에서 가장 중요한 대상은 ‘청년’이고, 모든 이해관계자가 청년을 주요행위자로 바라본다는 점이다. 그러나 실제적으로는 청년집단을 정책의 주체적인 참여자 보다는 피동적인 수혜대상자로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 청년집단 내에서도 청년단체 소속 청년들은 스스로를 적극적이고 주체적인 요구집단으로 인식하는 반면, 일반청년은 스스로를 권력이 약한 집단으로 인식하여 두 집단 간에도 차이가 발생하였다. 본 연구결과는 청년정책에서 청년의 당사자성을 확보하기 위해서는 정책과정에서 보다 임파워먼트 할 수 있는 제도적 장치 마련을 시사한다.

MICE 개최지경쟁력, 영향, 혜택 및 지지도에 대한 이해관계자의 인식

최정자 ( Jeong Ja Choi ) 관광경영학회 2015 관광경영연구 Vol.63 No.-

Collaboration among stakeholders in the MICE industry is an important subject in both industry and academia. This study examines the relationships among competitiveness of Gyeongju as a MICE destination, expected impacts of MICE, perceived benefits, and support by MICE stakeholders. A total of 179 usable data were collected from MICE stakeholders in Gyeongju, including convention center, convention bureau, PCO, local government, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tourism-related businesses, and so on. Results of multiple regression analyses showed the positive relationships among MICE competitiveness, impacts, benefits, and support. Additional analyses were executed using t-tests and hierarchical regression analysis. The t-test results showed that there were perceptions gaps among MICE stakeholders regarding MICE competitiveness, impacts, benefits, and support. However, there existed no moderating effects of affection level between MICE competitiveness, impacts, benefits, and support. Implications of the findings and future research were discussed.

원격의료 서비스 실행과정에서의 이해관계자 이슈 분석: 근거이론 접근

이성경 ( Lee Sung Kyung ),박상철 ( Park Sang Cheol ),서은희 ( Seo Eun Hui ),고준 ( Koh Joon ) 한국지식경영학회 2020 지식경영연구 Vol.21 No.4

최근 국내 원격의료 시행은 공중보건의사와 함께 시범사업 중 하나로 추진되고 있다. 원격의료 서비스를 안정적으로 관리하고 확대하기 위해서는 다양한 이해관계자의 입장을 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 원격의료와 관련된 이해관계자들을 중심으로 주요 현상을 관찰하고 기술하여 원격의료 실행에 따른 주요 이슈를 포착함에 있다. 본 연구는 원격의료 서비스 시범사업에 참여한 공중보건의사를 포함하여 24명의 연구참여자와 인터뷰 하였다. 근거이론 방법을 사용하여 인터뷰 원고를 분석한 결과, 코딩 단계에서 총 68개의 개념을 도출하였고, 범주화 과정을 통해 19개의 하위 범주, 11개의 범주를 제안하였다. 아울러서 본 연구의 도출개념과 범주를 통해 이해 이해관계자 간 갈등을 설명하고 갈등 해결 과정을 제시하는 개념 모델과 이해관계자의 5가지 유형을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 원격의료 서비스에서 이해관계자로부터 중요한 이슈들을 포착하여 기술하고 있다는 점에서 이론적 그리고 실무적 시사점이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 원격의료 서비스 구축 성공을 희망하는 이해당사자들에게 당면 문제의 해결 실마리를 제공할 것이다. Recently, implementation of telemedicine in Korea has been conducted as one of pilot projects with public health doctors. To manage and expand telemedicine services sustainably, it is necessary to understand the positions of various stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to observe and describe major phenomena around stakeholders related to telemedicine to capture major issues following the implementation of telemedicine. This study interviewed 24 research participants, including public health doctors who participated in the pilot project for telemedicine services. As a result of analyzing the interview manuscript using the grounded theory method, totally 68 concepts were derived at the coding stage, and 19 sub-categories, 11 categories, were proposed through the categorization process. In addition, through the elicitation concepts and categories of this study, conflicts among stakeholders were explained, conceptual models that presented the process of resolving conflicts, and five types of stakeholders were proposed. This study has theoretical and practical implications in that it captures and describes important issues from stakeholders in telemedicine services. The results of this study are expected to give some hints for problem solving to all of the stakeholders who wish to successfully build telemedicine services.