시설재배지 무경운 토양에서 녹비작물별 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) 감염양상과 포자밀도 특성

양승구,서윤원,김병호,손보균,위치도,이정현,정우진,박노동,Yang, Seung-Koo,Seo, Youn-Won,Kim, Byeong-Ho,Sohn, Bo-Kyoon,Wee, Chi-Do,Lee, Jeong-Hyun,Jung, Woo-Jin,Park, Ro-Dong 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

월동 녹비작물 재배가 시설 토양과 무경운 유기재배 고추의 균근균 포자밀도 및 감염에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 월동 녹비작물 재배 토양의 기주작물별 균근균 활성 포자수는 대조구 보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 기주 작물별 균근균 활성 포자의 밀도는 보리와 완두콩이 호밀, 헤어리베치, 쇠별꽃 보다 높은 경향이었다. 녹비작물 재배 토양에 고추를 무경운 정식하여 재배한 토양의 AMF 포자 밀도는 대조구와 녹비작물 종류 간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 그리고 녹비작물 재배 토양의 AMF 밀도보다 후 작물로 고추를 재배한 토양의 AMF밀도는 감소되었으나, AMF 밀도의 균일도는 증가되었다. 한편 보리 녹비작물을 예취하여 제거한 토양의 AMF포자 밀도는 제거하지 않은 토양에 비하여 현저한 증가를 보였다. 녹비작물 재배 토양 균근균의 기주작물별 포자 형태와 크기는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 녹비작물 재배 후작물로 고추를 재배한 토양에서 분리된 AMF포자 형태와 크기도 동일하였다. 녹비 작물별로 뿌리의 내생 균근균 감염율이 쇠별꽃, 호밀과 헤어리베치는 낮은 경향이었으나, 보리 녹비의 감염율은 유의성 있게 높았다. 고추 뿌리 내의 AMF 감염율은 녹비작물의 종류에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나, 보리 녹비를 예취하여 제거한 처리의 감염율은 보리 녹비작물을 전량 토양에 투입한 처리 보다 높았다. 녹비작물 뿌리와 고추 뿌리의 내생 균근균의 주요 감염구조는 뿌리의 내부균사(Internal hyphae)로 균사간의 Network가 매우 발달되었다. 그리고 녹비작물과 고추 뿌리에서 Arbuscule이 형성되었으며, 근권 토양의 AMF포자밀도와 고추 뿌리 감염율의 상관관계도 파악할 수 없었다. This work was studied the effects of spore density and infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for no-tillage organic cultivation of pepper with wintering green manure crops cultivation in greenhouse field. Spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in green manure crops was 189 spores/30g fresh soils in control including alive spore (82 spores). Spore density of AMF in all green manure crops was totally 196~226 spores/30g fresh soil and alive spore was 84~112 spores/30g fresh soil. Spore density of AMF in soils of Pepper crop was range of 48.0~56.7 spores/30g fresh soils after cultivation of green manure crops. Infection structure of AMF was not significantly difference in soils of green manure crops and Pepper crop after cultivation of green manure crops. Infection rate of AMF in roots of green crops was low level by 2.8% in giant chickweed, 7.4% in rye, 9.3% in hairy vetch. Infection rate of AMF in roots of barley was the highest level by 20.3%. Infection rate of AMF in roots of Pepper crop was range of 5.2~7.2% after cultivation of green manure crops Also, infection rate of AMF in roots of Pepper crop was 8.1% after the harvest of barley. Infection structure of AMF in barley very well consisted of network with internal hyphae, while hairy vetch and rye tended to no network. There was not a significant relationship between spore density in soils and infection rate of AMF in rhizosphere of Pepper.

시설재배지 무경운 토양에서 녹비작물별 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) 감염양상과 포자밀도 특성

양승구,서윤원,김병호,손보균,위치도,이정현,정우진,박노동 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

This work was studied the effects of spore density and infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for no-tillage organic cultivation of pepper with wintering green manure crops cultivation in greenhouse field. Spore density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in green manure crops was 189 spores/30g fresh soils in control including alive spore (82 spores). Spore density of AMF in all green manure crops was totally 196~226 spores/30g fresh soil and alive spore was 84~112 spores/30g fresh soil. Spore density of AMF in soils of Pepper crop was range of 48.0~56.7 spores/30g fresh soils after cultivation of green manure crops. Infec-tion structure of AMF was not significantly difference in soils of green manure crops and Pepper crop after cultivation of green manure crops. Infection rate of AMF in roots of green crops was low level by 2.8% in giant chickweed, 7.4% in rye, 9.3% in hairy vetch. Infection rate of AMF in roots of barley was the highest level by 20.3%. Infection rate of AMF in roots of Pepper crop was range of 5.2~7.2% after cultivation of green manure crops Also, infection rate of AMF in roots of Pepper crop was 8.1% after the harvest of barley. Infection structure of AMF in barley very well consisted of network with internal hyphae, while hairy vetch and rye tended to no network. There was not a significant relationship between spore density in soils and infection rate of AMF in rhizosphere of Pepper.

Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Community Along an Exotic Plant Eupatorium adenophorum Invasion in a Chinese Secondary Forest

Xin Sun,Cheng Gao,Liang-Dong Guo 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

Knowledge of the changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is fundamental for understanding the success of exotic plant invasions in natural ecosystems. In this study, AM fungal colonization and spore community were examined along an invasive gradient of the exotic plant Eupatorium adenophorum in a secondary forest in southwestern China. With increasing E. adenophorum invasion, the density of arbuscules in the roots of E. adenophorum significantly increased, but the AM root colonization rate and the densities of vesicles and hyphal coils in roots of E. adenophorum were not significantly different. A total of 29 AM fungi belonging to nine genera were identified based on spore morphology. Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis geosporus, and Glomus aggregatum were the most common AM fungal species. The E. adenophorum invasion significantly decreased the AM fungal spore density in the soil. Furthermore, with increasing of E. adenophorum invasion the spore densities of C. etunicatum, G. aggregatum, and G. arenarium significantly decreased, whereas F. geosporus significantly increased. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling demonstrated that the AM fungus community composition was significantly different (P=0.003) in the different invasive levels of E. adenophorum, and significantly correlated with plant species richness, soil total P, and soil NO3--N. The results suggest that the alteration in AM fungus community might be caused by E. adenophorum invasion via changing the local plant community and soil properties in a Chinese secondary forest ecosystem.

Exported Strawberry Gray Mold Decay Related Spore Density and Disease Incidence in Cultivation Field

전창욱,김다란,박정준,강남준,곽연식 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Exports of strawberries are currently expanding and have risen by 65% in the last few years. However, the occurrence of gray mold disease in packed strawberries has emerged. Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, leads to the decomposition of strawberries, reducing the total harvesting of the fruit by up to 50%. In this study, to determine the correlation between cultivation fields and a packing center of disease incidence and spore density, investigation were conducted for two consecutive years. The strawberry cultivation fields showed the highest disease incidence from March to May in both years. However, in both fields the pathogen spores in the air showed similar density during cultivation periods as 105 cfu/L of air in the first year and 104 cfu/L of air for the second year. In the packing center, the spore density patterns were similar to those in the fields. Temperature and humidity emerged as having the most correlation with incidence of the disease in the fields. The major finding in this study was that the source inocula of packed strawberry were derived from the cultivation fields. The findings can be utilized to effectively control gray mold decay in export strawberry production.

Exported Strawberry Gray Mold Decay Related Spore Density and Disease Incidence in Cultivation Field

Jeon, Chang-Wook,Kim, Da-ran,Park, Jung Jun,Kang, Nam Jun,Kwak, Youn-Sig The Korean Society of Pesticide Science 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Exports of strawberries are currently expanding and have risen by 65% in the last few years. However, the occurrence of gray mold disease in packed strawberries has emerged. Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, leads to the decomposition of strawberries, reducing the total harvesting of the fruit by up to 50%. In this study, to determine the correlation between cultivation fields and a packing center of disease incidence and spore density, investigation were conducted for two consecutive years. The strawberry cultivation fields showed the highest disease incidence from March to May in both years. However, in both fields the pathogen spores in the air showed similar density during cultivation periods as $10^5cfu/L$ of air in the first year and $10^4cfu/L$ of air for the second year. In the packing center, the spore density patterns were similar to those in the fields. Temperature and humidity emerged as having the most correlation with incidence of the disease in the fields. The major finding in this study was that the source inocula of packed strawberry were derived from the cultivation fields. The findings can be utilized to effectively control gray mold decay in export strawberry production.

Exported Strawberry Gray Mold Decay Related Spore Density and Disease Incidence in Cultivation Field

Chang-Wook Jeon,Da-ran Kim,Jung Jun Park,Nam Jun Kang,Youn-Sig Kwak 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Exports of strawberries are currently expanding and have risen by 65% in the last few years. However, the occurrence of gray mold disease in packed strawberries has emerged. Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, leads to the decomposition of strawberries, reducing the total harvesting of the fruit by up to 50%. In this study, to determine the correlation between cultivation fields and a packing center of disease incidence and spore density, investigation were conducted for two consecutive years. The strawberry cultivation fields showed the highest disease incidence from March to May in both years. However, in both fields the pathogen spores in the air showed similar density during cultivation periods as 105 cfu/L of air in the first year and 104 cfu/L of air for the second year. In the packing center, the spore density patterns were similar to those in the fields. Temperature and humidity emerged as having the most correlation with incidence of the disease in the fields. The major finding in this study was that the source inocula of packed strawberry were derived from the cultivation fields. The findings can be utilized to effectively control gray mold decay in export strawberry production.

배추무사마귀병 뿌리혹의 부패에 미치는 몇가지 환경요인

김충회(Choong-Hoe Kim),조원대(Won-Dae Cho),김홍모(Hong-Mo Kim) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.4

Effects of temperature, soil moisture level, flooding, and soil microflora on decay of root galls in club root disease of Chinse cabbage were examined in the laboratory. Number of days required for complete decay of root galls was 3 days at 32℃ or higher, 12 days at 16 ~ 20℃ and 28 days at 8℃. As soil moisture content goes up, root gall decay became faster resulting 3 days for complete decay under saturated moisture condition at high temperature of 32℃, and 8 days under the same moisture level at 24℃. Soil moisture effect was relatively low at 24℃ compared to 32℃. Stimulation of decay by soil flooding was not observed at 32℃ but became apparent at 12℃. Influence of soil microflora on root gall decay was negligiable. Based on these results, temperature appears to be the most important factor affecting root gall decay in soil. Root gall decay is thought to be affected more easily by other environmental factors under low temperature conditions. Maturity of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae in root galls tended to increase as time prolongs during root gall decay. Density of the resting spores was lower in fresh root galls where their maturity was also low as compared to completely decayed root galls. Number of resting spores in completely decayed root gall was 6.5 × 10?/ g tissue and its maturity was over 95%.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity, root colonization, and soil alkaline phosphatase activity in response to maize-wheat rotation and no-tillage in North China

Junli Hu,Anna Yang,Anning Zhu,Junhua Wang,Jue Dai,Ming Hung Wong,Xiangui Lin 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.7

Monitoring the effects of no-tillage (NT) in comparison with conventional tillage (CT) on soil microbes could improve our understanding of soil biochemical processes and thus help us to develop sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to compare the species composition and ecological function of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi during the growth and rotation of crops under NT and CT. From late June 2009 to early June 2010, 32 topsoil (0–15 cm) samples from four individual plots per treatment (CT and NT) were collected at both the jointing and maturation stages of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a long-term experimental field that was established in an Aquic Inceptisol in North China in June 2006. The AM fungal spores were isolated and identified and then used to calculate species diversity indices, including the Shannon- Wiener index (H ), Evenness (E), and Simpson’s index (D). The root mycorrhizal colonization and soil alkaline phosphatase activity were also determined. A total of 34 species of AM fungi within nine genera were recorded. Compared with NT, CT negatively affected the soil AM fungal community at the maize sowing stage, leading to decreases in the average diversity indices (from 2.12, 0.79, and 0.82 to 1.79, 0.72, and 0.74 for H , E, and D, respectively), root mycorrhizal colonization (from 28% to 20%), soil alkaline phosphatase activity (from 0.24 to 0.19 mg/g/24 h) and available phosphorus concentration (from 17.4 to 10.5 mg/kg) at the maize jointing stage. However, reductions in diversity indices of H , E, and D were restored to 2.20, 0.81, and 0.84, respectively, at the maize maturation stage. CT should affect the community again at the wheat sowing stage; however, a similar restoration in the species diversity of AM fungi was completed before the wheat jointing stage, and the highest Jaccard index (0.800) for similarity in the species composition of soil AM fungi between CT and NT was recorded at the wheat maturation stage. Our results also demonstrated that NT resulted in the positive protection of the community structure of AM fungi and played an important role in maintaining their functionality especially for maize seedlings.

배추무사마귀병균의 토양내 분포

김충회,조원대,김홍모 한국식물병리학회 2000 식물병연구 Vol.6 No.1