장기적 금연 지속기간 예측 모형

서경현(Kyung-Hyun Suh),유제민(Jae-Min You) 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2005 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives: Smokers who had failed to quit smoking were frequently reported that life stress mostly interrupted their abstention. Stress vulnerability model for smoking cessation has been considered, and most of contemporary smoking cessation programs help smokers develop coping strategies for stressful situations. This study aims to investigate the appropriate coping styles for stress of abstention from smoking. The result of investigating the relationship between abstention following smoking cessation program and coping styles would suggest useful information for those who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them. Methods: Participants were 69 smokers (62 males, 7 females) participated in a hospitalized smoking cessation program, whose mean age was 44.89 (SD=9.61). Participants took medical test, and completed questionnaires and psychological tests including: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Multidimensional Coping Scale. To identify participants' abstention, researchers followed them for 2 years. To identify whether abstained or not and encourage them to abstain, researchers called them on the telephone once a week for 3 months. After 3 months, they were contacted every other week till 6 months passed since they left smoking cessation program. And they were contacted once a month for other 18months. Researchers also contacted their family to identify their abstention. Data Mining Decision Tree was performed with 37 variables (13 variables for the coping styles and 24 smoking-related variables) by Answer Tree 3.0v Results: Forty four (63.8%) out of sixty nine for 2 weeks, 34 (49.3%) for 6 months, 25 (36.2%) abstained for I year, and 22 (31.9%) abstained for 2 years. Participants of this study abstained average of 286.77 days from smoking. Included variables of a Decision Tree model for this study were positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint, and emotional social support seeking. Decision Tree model showed that those (n=9) who did not interpret positively (<=7.5) and criticized themselves (>6.5) abstained 23 days only, while those (n=9) who interpreted positively (>7.5), expressed their emotion freely (>6.5), and sought social support actively (>11.5) abstained 730 days, till last day of the investigation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that certain coping styles such as positive interpretation, emotional expression, self-criticism, restraint, and emotional social support seeking were important factors for long-term abstention from smoking. These findings reiterate the role of stress for abstention from smoking and suggest a model of coping styles for successful abstention from smoking. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help smokers who want to stop smoking and health practitioners who help them.

Why Don’t Cancer Survivors Quit Smoking? An Evaluation of Readiness for Smoking Cessation in Cancer Survivors

Melissa A. Little,Robert C. Klesges,Zoran Bursac,Jon O. Ebbert,Jennifer P. Halbert,Andrew N. Dunkle,Lauren Colvin,Patricia J. Goedecke,Benny Weksler 대한암예방학회 2018 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.23 No.1

Background: Cancer survivors have a high rate of participation in cigarette-smoking cessation programs but their smoking-abstinence rates remain low. In the current study, we evaluated the readiness to quit smoking in a cancer-survivor population. Methods: Cross-sectional data survey conducted among 112 adult cancer survivors who smoked cigarettes in Tennessee. Analyses were conducted using a two-sample t-test, χ2 test, Fishers Exact test, and multivariable logistic regression with smoker’s readiness to quit as the dependent variable. We operationally defined a smoker not ready to quit as anyone interested in quitting smoking beyond the next 6 months or longer (or not at all), as compared to those that are ready to quit within the next 6 months. Results: Thirty-three percent of participants displayed a readiness to quit smoking in the next 30 days. Smokers ready to quit were more likely to display high confidence in their ability to quit (OR = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1-9.7; P < 0.0001) than those not ready to quit. Those ready to quit were nearly five times more likely to believe smoking contributed to their cancer diagnosis (OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1-22.6; P = 0.0432). Those ready to quit were also much more likely to attempt smoking cessation when diagnosed with cancer (OR = 8.9; 95% CI, 1.8-44.3; P = 0.0076) than smokers not ready to quit. Finally, those ready to quit were more likely to endorse smoking more in the morning than other times of the day, compared to those not ready to quit (OR = 7.9; 95% CI, 1.5-42,3; P = 0.0148), which increased odds of readiness to quit within the next 6 months. Conclusions: Despite high participation in smoking-cessation programs for cancer survivors, only one-third of participants were ready to quit. Future research is needed to develop programs targeting effective strategies promoting smoking cessation among cancer survivors who are both ready and not ready to quit smoking. (J Cancer Prev 2018;23:44-50)

Validation Study of Kim’s Smoking Cessation Motivation Scale and Its Predictive Implications for Smoking Cessation

박재우,Sukhi Chai,Ju Yul Lee,Keun-Ho Joe,Jo Eun Jung,김대진 대한신경정신의학회 2009 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.6 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure motivation for smoking cessation. Motivation is known to be important for success of smoking cessation. The reliability of the scale was assessed and its predictive validity for smoking cessation was evaluated. Methods: We recruited 333 men aged 20 to 70 that visited smoking cessation clinics at seven public health centers. The demographic characteristics were recorded and the Korean version of Stages of Readiness for Change and Eagerness for Treatment Scale for Smoking (K-SO-CRATES-S) performed. A smoking cessation motivation scale was developed with 10 questions based on the theory of motivation enhancement therapy. Results: The motivation scale was composed of four subscales based on the factor analysis; each subscale had an adequate degree of internal consistency. In addition, the newly developed scale had a high degree of validity based on its significant correlation with the smoking version of SOCRATES. Moreover, the precontemplation level of motivation was found to significantly predict the success of smoking cessation. And one of the subscales of the Korean Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (K-NDSS), stereotypy which also significantly predicted the success of smoking cessation, significantly correlated with the preparation 1 and 2 level of motivation. Conclusion: The smoking cessation motivation scale with 10 questions that was developed in this study was a highly reliable and valid scale for the prediction of success for smoking cessation for those who wanted to stop smoking.

청소년 흡연예방 및 금연을 위한 신체활동 프로그램 개발을 위한 내용탐색

오화정(Oh, Hwa-Jung) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this study was to explore the direction of physical activity grogram related to smoking prevention and cessation for adolescents. For this study, in-depth interview was conducted with two smoking cessation instructors, one health education teacher, and two physical education teachers who had direct/indirect experience in adolescents’ smoking cessation program. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and unstructured interviews, and textual analysis were used. The results were as follows: First, cognitive behavioral theory, social influence theory, and self-efficacy theory should be applied for the future smoking cessation program. Second, recommended period were one session(60-120min/session) for smoking prevention program and 5 or 6 session(60-90min/session) for smoking cessation program. Finally, it was suggested that smoking prevention program should include the harmful effects of smoking and sport performance and health-related information. Also, smoking cessation program should cover self-recognition, strengthening motivation to quit smoking, preparation, maintenance, track changes, and smoke-free pledge. For these results, we concluded that physical activity may be an effective teen smoking cessation option and physical activity program related to smoking prevention and cessation needs to be developed.

Trends in Cigarette Use Behaviors Among Adolescents by Region in Korea

Hong, Nam Soo,Kim, Keon-Yeop,Park, Soon-Woo,Kim, Jong-Yeon,Bae, Ji-Suk,Lee, Won-Kee,Kim, Ki-Su The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2011 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: Understanding recent trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents is important in order to develop strategies to prevent cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to compare recent trends in cigarette smoking for adolescents living in rural areas, small towns and metropolitan cities in Korea. Methods: The raw data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) from 2005 to 2009 were used. Data were analyzed by using the method of complex survey data analysis considering complex sampling design. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate significant linear time trends in cigarette smoking. The indicators of cigarette use behaviors were 'current smoking rate', 'frequent smoking rate', 'heavy smoking rate' and 'smoking experience rate before 13 years of age'. All analyses were conducted according to gender. Results: Statistically significant increasing trends in current smoking rate and frequent smoking rate were observed and borderline significant increasing trends in heavy smoking rate were shown among rural boys. Among metropolitan city boys, statistically significant increasing trends were also seen for frequent smoking. Statistically significant decreasing trends in current smoking rate were observed among small town and metropolitan city girls. Smoking experience rate before 13 years of age for rural girls decreased significantly. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents in the rural areas has increased in the last five years especially among boys. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas.

일개 초등학생과 부모를 대상으로 흡연예방 프로그램 실시 후 흡연에 대한 인식의 변화

박경민,이충원 대한보건협회 2003 대한보건연구 Vol.29 No.1

This study was carried out to see change of attitude of primary school students and their parent toward smoking after two months of a smoking prevention program in 445 students of 4-6th grade of a primary school in 2002. The result were as follows: 1. Male students were 53.3% and More than half of parents' attainment of education were high school and 22.0% of the mother were fully employed. Nine male students experienced smoking while none of the female students did. Current smokers were 52.3% in fathers and 2.0% in mothers. 2. Student reported that passive smoking is not good for health were 91.1% before the prevention program but after the program they were 93.5%(x²=5.78, p=0.019). 3. Yes to "smoking of the students is b a d was 86.4% before the program but changed to 91.4% (x²=11.78, p=0.008) 4. Students reported that they will try to smoke after becoming adults were 10.6% before the program but the proportion reduced to 26 students (5.9%) (x²=20.65, p=0.0001). Twenty one students did not changed their attitudes before and after the program. 5. Students reported that they will not try to smoke despite peer pressure were 8'7.2% before and after the program Nineteen students changed their attitudes from "will try" before the program to "will not try" after the program (x²=20.65, p=0.0001). 6. Parents' attitudinal changes after the smoking prevention program noted markedly in "know the health effects of passive smoking", "recognize Seriousness of the current smoking situation in Korea", and "agree for initiation of the smoking prevention program by the school". We propose based on these results that: 1. Many kinds of smoking prevention programs suitable for the primary schools should be developed in linkage with the programs for the middle and high schools. 2. Active change of attitudes by the school employees as well as parents of the students are needed to implement smoking prevention program more properly. 3. Various kinds of smoking prevention programs should be developed applicable for both schools and community as well.

성별에 따른 흡연경험 관련요인 연구: 제4-7기(2007-2018) 국민건강영양조사 자료를 기반으로

정용휘 ( Yong Whi Jeong ),김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2021 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors related to smoking experience among Korean adults according to gender. Methods: The analysis used the data collected from 19,974 who had a smoking experience from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2018). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Logistic regression. Results: The number of smoking experiences was 77.70% for men and 14.17% for women. Both men and women were more likely to have smoked experiences as the number of drinking, and second-hand smoke experiences in the home, increased. Owning a home, the higher the income, the higher the education, the lower the smoking experience. On the other hand, the relationship between education level and smoking experience according to gender showed a negative response-dose relationship for men and a positive-response-dose relationship for women. Conclusions: The study results showed that smoking-related factors are divided into factors in which men and women have the same tendency and those in which men and women have the opposite direction. This study revealed the distinct smoking experience-related characteristics according to gender in Korea. These characteristics suggest the need for a new approach to reduce the smoking rate by introducing differentiated smoking prevention education, smoking cessation education, and treatment projects by gender to the National Non-smoking Support Project, which was focused on smoking cessation education and treatment.

Evaluation of Visual Perception is Smoking Cessation Websites and Construction of Antismoking Website

Yoon-Hyeon Lee,Soon-Ho Shin 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Tobacco use is the most readily preventable cause of premature death; it is a worldwide problem, with a significant impact on heath and well-being. In order to design an effective tobacco education program, it is important to understand smoking patterns and the underlying factors associated with smoking in different generations such as adults or young people. Despite a general decline in the prevalence of regular smoking among adults, recent surveys commissioned by the Ministry Heath & Welfare for the Republic of Korea have shown no evidence of any decline in smoking rates among young women and adolescents. The Republic of Korea has the highest adult male smoking percentage (65.1%) in the world and smoking in adolescents is still an increasing trend. Smoking in adolescents and young women is especially more dangerous, thus health education of anti-smoking directed at these groups is an important area that will benefit from using internet content that they can easily access. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of visual perception and effectiveness analysis in smoking cessation websites in promoting smoking cessation in adolescents and young women through Internet content. As a result of this project, at first we evaluated the Internet content of cyber smoking cessation programs by the evaluation criteria of web design interface. The Internet site of http://nosmokeguide.or.kr received the most superior evaluation in the domestic Internet content for smoking cessation and the Internet site of the National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids received the most superior evaluation in the foreign Internet content for smoking cessation. This evaluation was surveyed by an expert in Internet content and user. Secondly, we developed the Internet content for cyber smoking cessation program, namely, Dr. Smoking that contained several menus and a database regarding anti-smoking designed in accordance with the results of this evaluation. The domain address of Dr. Smoking is http://www.dmosmoking.com and our webpage has assorted kinds of news, information, self-diagnosis, prescription, consulting, a no-smoking mall etc. In conclusion, this project is designed to develop Internet content for the most effective smoking cessation program and to contribute to eliminating smoking from our society. We also will try to develop and upgrade this web-site in order to help a smoker who want to quit smoking and diminish the physical and socioeconomic harm from smoking.

대학신입생의 흡연예방교육 프로그램 개발 및 효과 분석

김선경,정구철 한국청소년학회 2006 청소년학연구 Vol.13 No.3

This study was conducted to practice smoking prevention program to college freshman arriving at adulthood and measure it's effect. The Effect of smoking prevention education is measured with priority given to positive and negative attitude about smoking with impulse, and both knowledge and will for prohibition of smoking. experimental design was used by similar experimental design of Non-Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Among the freshman, some departments in a university located in Seoul was selected as experimental group and the other departments was selected as control group. According to the final analyzed case, experimental group was 146persons and control group was 180 persons. Smoking prevention education program was conducted covering all six terms. Inspected result through the effect of program is as follows. First, experiment group decreased positive attitude about smoking attentively, and also decreased smoking impulse in the state of desiring smoking. Second, negative attitude about smoking increased attentively, and also increased together with knowledge about smoking and will of prohibition of smoking. As a result of this consequences, small group consultation activity and program with practical use teaching materials, and this smoking prevention education program grafted on lecture by the professional was judged effective program to the object of study. Also, smoking prevention education can improve efficacy persuading into the prevention of smoking to other people. Later on, it is judged that trial examination about the situation of smoking impulse and preparation of principle methods is more important than increase of knowledge about smoking during the carrying out the program. 본 연구는 성인기에 접어드는 대학교 신입생들에게 흡연예방교육 프로그램을 수행하고 그 효과를 측정하고자 한다. 흡연예방교육의 효과는 흡연에 관한 긍정적, 부정적 태도와 충동, 지식 및 금연 의지를 중심으로 측정하며, 추가 분석을 통해 프로그램의 유익성과 개선방안 등을 논의해 보고자 한다. 실험설계는 비동등 대조군 사전-사후조사(Non-Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design)의 유사실험설계를 사용하였으며, 대상은 서울의 한 대학의 신입생 중 일부 학과는 실험군으로 다른 학과들은 대조군으로 선정하였으며, 최종 분석된 사례는 실험군은 146명, 대조군은 180명이었다. 흡연예방교육 프로그램은 총 6회기에 걸쳐서 수행되었고, 프로그램의 효과를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험군은 유의미하게 흡연에 대한 긍정적 태도가 감소하였고, 흡연하고 싶은 상황에서의 흡연 충동이 유의하게 감소하였다. 둘째, 흡연에 대한 부정적 태도는 유의하게 증가하였고, 흡연에 대한 지식과 금연의지도 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 소그룹 집단상담활동과 교보재를 활용한 프로그램, 그리고 전문가에 의한 강의가 접목된 본 흡연예방교육 프로그램은 연구대상들에게 효과적인 프로그램이라고 판단하였다. 또한 흡연예방교육은 타인에게 금연을 권유할 수 있는 효능감도 향상시켜주는 것으로 보이며, 추후 프로그램 수행시 흡연에 대한 지식의 증가보다는 흡연 충동이 일어나는 상황에 대한 모의실험과 대처방안의 마련이 더욱 중요한 것으로 판단된다.

Use and perception of Smoking Cessation in Traditional Medicine: A Survey of Korean Medical Practitioners

Lee, Ju Ah,Jang, Soobin,Park, Sunju Society of Preventive Korean Medicine 2018 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : This survey assessed Korean medical doctors' (KMDs') use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and their drawbacks. Methods : A total of 14,485 KMDs affiliated with the Association of Korean Medicine were sent surveys via email. They were asked the use and perception of smoking cessation therapies in TKM and their drawbacks: Present use of Korean medicine treatment for smoking cessation, ideal treatment for smoking withdrawal symptoms, advantages and disadvantages of smoking cessation treatments in Korean medicine were asked with closed-ended questionnaire. Results : Two hundred fifty-three KMDs (1.75%) responded to the questionnaire. According to the results of the study, more than half of KMDs (51.4%) answered that they have practiced smoking cessation therapy. The most frequently used treatments for smoking cessation were ear acupuncture (EA) (74.6%) and acupuncture (15.4%), and the most of TKM doctors said that they were the most effective treatments. The advantages of smoking cessation treatment in TKM were the fewer adverse events (53.4%), availability to stimulate acupoints continuously in everyday life (48.2%), and the possibility of controlling withdrawal symptoms. Disadvantages included the long treatment duration and the necessity of frequent visits to the doctor. The greatest disadvantage was the lack of sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of TKM smoking cessation protocols. Conclusions : Despite of the low response rate, the survey results show that the main treatment modalities for smoking cessation are acupuncture, and this was also estimated effective for stop smoking. However, to improve smoking cessation rate, the more various smoking cessation treatments should be developed.