정조의 日次殿講 운영

박현순 조선시대사학회 2019 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.- No.89

The Regular Palace Oral Examination(Ilchajeon’gang) was an oral examination by the king at the palace to test students from National Confucian Academy and Four National Affiliated Schools. Since 17th century it was regularized to hold the exam 6 times a year, but in reality it was barely operated. Having adopted the Chogyemunsin system, king Jeongjo restored the Regular Palace Oral Examination and newly introduced the palace oral examination for student representatives and a writing test for students from National Confucian Academy. The Regular Palace Oral Examination was the exam he most devoted himself to among various exams of the National Confucian Academy. Then what particularly did he expect from this examination? The Regular Palace Oral Examination during the reign of King Jeongjo was in appearance a restoration of the previous system, but actually it was none other than a creation of a new system. While the palace oral examination in the past was for irregular students of National Confucian Academy and students from Four National Affiliated Schools, King Jeongjo held the exam mainly for students who passed the Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination and student representatives of Four National Affiliated Schools. During the period when students for oral test and students for literary composition were largely separated, this Regular Palace Oral Examination was implemented as an oral test for capital elites who were students for literary composition. Through this examination, King Jeongjo aimed to cultivate those capital elites as talented people who possess the ability of both oral and writing and appoint them in office. The Regular Palace Oral Examination during King Jeongjo’s reign was an exam that went hand in hand with the Chogyemunsin system. 日次殿講은 국왕이 성균관과 사학의 유생들을 궁궐로 불러 시행하던 講經 시험이다. 17세기부터 연 6차례 시행이 정례화되었지만 실제로는 그 명맥만을 유지해 왔을 뿐이다. 정조는 抄啓文臣制를 도입한 후 일차전강을 복구하는 한편 새로 齋任殿講과 上齋生應製를 도입하며 운영의 변화를 꾀하였다. 일차전강은 성균관 課試 중에서도 정조가 특별히 심혈을 기울인 시험이기도 하였다. 그렇다면 정조는 이 시험을 통해 어떤 효과를 기대하였던 것일까? 정조대 일차전강은 외형상 이전의 제도를 복구한 것이지만 실제로는 새로운 제도를 창안한 것이나 다름없었다. 이전에는 성균관 下齋生과 사학의 齋生을 주대상으로 하였지만 정조는 上齋生과 사학의 齋任을 주대상으로 삼았다. 정조대 일차전강은 講經生과 製述生이 이원화된 가운데, 제술생인 경화 엘리트를 대상으로 시행한 강경시험이었다. 정조는 이 시험을 통해 경화 엘리트들을 강경과 제술을 겸비한 인재로 배양하여 등용하고자 하였다. 정조대 일차전강은 초계문신제와 짝을 이루는 시험이었다.

An Intelligent Framework of Oral Examination System under Network Environment and Its Application

Weifeng MA,Xiaoyong SUN 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.12

As a crucial step in the process of teaching and training, examination, especially oral examination, is characterized with such defects as excessive subjectivity, difficult organization, low efficiency and heavy pressure. Thus, network technology and computer technology are employed to further promote the informationization of traditional oral examination. Through analyzing the existing problems of traditional oral examination and the feasibility of oral examination under network environment, this paper puts forward a universal framework and management model for oral examination under network environment and designed an oral examination system based on digital voice technology, artificial intelligence and software engineering. The research findings have been applied to mandarin Chinese test. So far Over 10 organization users have adopted the system and more than 300,000 examinees have been tested. Viewed from the practice, expected effects have been achieved.

1차 영유아 구강검진을 경험한 부모의 심층면담

이수나,임순연 한국치위생과학회 2017 치위생과학회지 Vol.17 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of the parents who examined the first infant oral examination and to understand how to improve the practical oral examination business. In-depth interviews were held with 10 parents who did the first infant oral examination, and their children’s age was less than 18 to 29 months. The following conclusions were obtained by deriving the concepts and categories of the recorded contents. First, the main reason for the unsatisfactory examination of this study was that it was formal. Parents were disappointed in the fact that they did not look at the mouth of the child at the same time as it was fast and they said because it is carried out free of charge, it is more formal than the examination for general dental treatment. Second, most of the participants questioned whether they should resume infant oral examination. Third, it appears that the tooth number or dental terminology in the result notice is difficult to understand. Fourth, the opinion on the improvement of the infant oral examinations was should provided that the oral health management information after examination and the direct oral health management method education at the examination. In addition, we identified the need for parents’ oral health care education for infants. Therefore, it has been confirmed that in order for the infant oral examination and young children to be practically carried out, the problems should be improved by collecting opinions of the parents. Also it is necessary to search for efficient business management method through repeated research related to infant oral examination. 본 연구는 1차 영유아 구강검진을 수검한 부모의 경험을심층적으로 분석하여 실질적인 구강검진 사업의 개선방안을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 1차 영유아 구강검진을 수검하였고 자녀의 월령이 18∼29개월인 부모 10명을 대상으로심층면담을 실시하였으며, 녹음된 내용의 개념정리 및 범주를 도출하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 본 연구의 불만족스러운 검진의 주된 이유는 형식적이기 때문인 것으로나타났다. 빠르게 진행됨과 동시에 자녀의 구강을 제대로살피지 않는 상황에 부모들은 실망했고 무료로 실시되기 때문에 일반 치과진료를 받기 위한 검진에 비해 더 형식적으로 이루어진다는 의견이 있었다. 무성의한 치과 의료진의태도에 불만이 있었으며 부모와 대화하려는 태도가 아닌 일방적인 의사소통 등에 문제점을 제기했다. 둘째, 참여자들대부분이 형식적이기만 한 영유아 구강검진을 다시 받아야하는지 의문을 가지고 있었다. 셋째, 구강검진표가 우편 발송되어 수령이 어렵고 영유아건강검진 문진표에 비해 빈약한 정보를 포함하고 있는 문진표에 그리고 결과통보서에 나와 있는 치아번호나 치과용어 등은 부모가 이해하는 데 어려움이 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 영유아 구강검진 개선에 대한 의견으로는 검진 후 구강건강관리정보 제공과 수검 시 직접적인 구강건강관리방법 교육 등이 있었다. 또한부모대상의 영유아 구강건강관리 교육에 대해서는 첫째, 교육의 부재로 자녀의 구강을 관리하는 데 혼란을 겪고 있으며 올바른 정보를 얻고자 하는 부모들의 의견을 확인하였다. 둘째, 현재 보건소에서 제공되고 있는 모자수첩이나 기타 기관들에서 구강건강관리에 관한 교육 자료를 제시하고있으나 부모들의 접근이 용이하지 않고 내용 또한 포괄적이지 않아 자녀구강건강관리를 위한 정확하고 실질적인 교육자료를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부모들이 교육받기를 원하는 내용으로는 월령에 따른 구강관리방법, 구강관리용품 선택에 도움이 되는 내용, 구강건강지식, 치과 진료에대한 지식으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 영유아 구강검진이 효율적으로 운영되어 부모들을 통한 영유아기 자녀의 올바른 구강건강관리를 도모하기 위해서는 부모들의 의견을 적극 수렴해 형식적인 검진으로만 인식되고 있는 구강검진의 문제점을 개선하여 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 제도로 변화되어야 하는 것으로 확인되었으며 영유아 구강검진과 관련한 반복적 연구를 통해 효율적인 사업운영 방안의모색이 필요하다.

경제활동 인구의 구강검진 수검에 영향을 미치는 요인

정미희,안소연,정성우,김범수,안은숙 대한치과위생학회 2020 대한치위생과학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Oral examination ensures early detection and treatment of oral diseases and improvement of quality of healthrelated life. This is imperative as it reduces individuals’ dental medical expenses and social costs caused by diseases. However, as the low oral examination acceptance rate continues to be a problem, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence the oral examination of an economically active population. In this study, 4,836 economically active individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 years were studied using data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing demographic and sociological characteristics on oral examination after adjusting for complaints of mastication and speech discomfort. As a result of confirming the factors influencing the oral examination, increase in age tended to be inversely proportional to the oral examination. Income level, type of job, and job position were identified as factors that influenced oral examinations. Compared to the group with a high socioeconomic status, which is represented by a group with a high income level or a stable job type or job position, the group with low economic status was found to have a negative effect on oral examination. Oral management of vulnerable groups, who might not be considered while devising oral health management policies, should be promoted through the development and provision of oral health management policies that consider employment status and environment.

일부 근로자의 유효구강건강행태 및 직장구강검진에 관한 연구

김영임 ( Young Im Kim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2013 한국치위생학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives : The direction for qualitative improvement of our country`s workers` by arranging data necessary for improving oral health program and system aiming to promote workers` oral health in the future is suggested in this study. Methods: The questionnaire by self-administrated method, which was selected by convenience sampling method, was carried out from October 4th to December 31th, 2011 targeting 424 workers from 6 working places in Jellabuk-do Province. Results: 1. It was indicated that workers` interest in oral health is higher than moderate and that workers are perceiving oral health as one of critical problems and thinking that the level of their oral health knowledge is low and oral health status is under moderate. 2. It was indicated that the rate of workplace oral screening is high, but the dissatisfaction ratio with workplace oral examination is high. Non-screening of medical treatment was indicated to be the highest after oral examination. 3. Factors of having influence upon the workplace oral examination included age, marital status, appearance, educational level, work-life term, and average monthly household income. Conclusions: It is judged to be likely important to make them have positive attitude toward oral health care through the accurate publicity of workplace oral examination and education on prevention of oral disease by reflecting workers` high interest in oral health.

태블릿 PC용 구강검진체계 앱 개발 및 효용성 평가

우경지 ( Gyeong Ji Woo ),김은경 ( Eun Kyong Kim ),김광태 ( Kwang Tae Kim ),송근배 ( Keun Bae Song ),최연희 ( Youn Hee Choi ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2013 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to develop an oral examination smart chart application for tablet personal computers (PC). We evaluated the time required to perform an oral examination and assessed the degree of user`s convenience by using this application. We determined to make our application cost and human resource effective by automatically computerizing the statistics to facilitate its application in oral health services such as national oral health research. The development of this application for tablet PCs was aimed at recording the results of oral examinations. Methods: We produced flow charts and designed the program screen, which would replace the existing paper chart. To evaluate the efficiency of the application, 1 preventive dentistry professor and 6 dentistry students performed an oral examination on 41 subjects. We performed the oral examination in duplicate using a tablet PC and a paper chart. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The time required for oral examination by the study group (the group using the application) and the control group (the group using paper) were 131.93±10.14 and 151.85±7.77, respectively; the difference between these values was statistically significant (P-value=0.002). The oral examination could be performed faster in the study group (the group using the application) than in the control group; therefore, we noted that the time taken for oral examination was reduced by using the application. Conclusions: The tablet-based system has been shown to save time by omitting the step of entering the paper chart data into a computer. Further, the findings of this study can be used to establish an oral health index database with the help of additional resources. Moreover, it would facilitate creating awareness among the patients with regard to their oral health indices through the use of visual aids.

朝鮮朝 科學制度 講書試券 연구

김경용(Kim Gyung-Yong) 한국학중앙연구원 2006 장서각 Vol.0 No.15

이 연구는 조선시대 과거제도의 식년문과복시 초장 강서시험의 결과 작성되는 강서시권과 관련 고문서 및 법규를 조사 · 분석한 것이다. 강서시권과 이와 관련된 여타 고문서 및 관련 법규를 면밀히 검토함으로써 식년 문과복시 초장 강서시험의 구체적인 시행과정을 밝히는 데 이 연구의 목적이 있다. 식년문과복시 초장 강서시험의 시행과정을 밝히는 데에 구체성을 더하기 위하여 14개의 강서시권을 원형 그대로 제시하며 관련 법규와 비교 · 분석하였으며 이에 필요한 관련 고문서의 내용을 곁들여 소개하였다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 조선시대 과거제도 시행의 엄밀성과 공정성을 제고하기 위한 노력을 엿볼 수 있었으며, 식년문과복시 강서시험의 구체상을 얼마간 접할 수 있었다. 즉, 과거제도가 시행된 결과 산출된 고문서를 활용함으로써 과거제도에 관한 기본적 원칙과 관련 법규를 더욱더 면밀히 이해할 수 있었으며, 과거제도 시행의 실제적 면모를 보다 생생하게 파악하는 동시에, 과거제도의 법규와 실제 간에 실질적 상응관계가 유지되고 있었음을 분명히 확인할 수 있었다. This is a study on archives related to the grade sheet of oral examination in Chosen Dynasty. The major object of this study is the micro research on the executive procedure of oral examination(講書), expounding of seven confucian canonical books(Book of Changes[易經], Book oj History[書經], Book oj Songs[詩經], The Analects oj ConJucius[論語], Mencius[孟子], Doctrine oj the Mean[中庸], The Great Learning[大學]). It was critically important subject of triennial public examination at capital city of Chosen Dynasty(式年文科覆試). To give a full detail of oral examination about confucian sacred books, I show several grade sheets of oral examination in original form and analyze them in relation to the acts of regal regulations. Investigation on these grade sheets and acts of regal regulations of public examination system makes it possible to reconstruct the actual aspects and ascertain the exactness of the oral test in triennial public examination. By using the original archives, we can more thoroughly understand the basic rules and regal regulations about public examination system, and more concretely comprehend its actual execution, and more exactly confirm the relevancy between them.

우리나라 성인의 구강검진 수검 경험에 영향을 미치는 요인: 다수준 분석을 이용하여

곽선희 한국치위생감염관리학회 2023 한국임상치위생학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors influencing oral examination among adults aged ≥19 years and older in Korea. Methods: This study utilized raw data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The study population included 228,335 individuals who completed the oral examination questionnaire. Individual-level independent variables encompassed factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors, and health status. Regional-level independent variables comprised the social deprivation index, the number of dental clinics per 10,000 people, the proportion of individuals aged ≥65 years, and access to health care within the reference time. Results: After adjusting for demographic factors, higher household income was associated with significantly higher rates of oral examination. At the regional level, a higher deprivation index was associated with a 0.88-times lower oral examination rate (p<0.001), while a higher number of dental clinics per 10,000 people was associated with a 1.04-times higher rate (p=0.004). Conclusions: Adults' oral examination in Korea was influenced by both individuallevel and regional-level factors. Therefore, while planning local health projects to promote oral examination among adults, it is necessary to develop a customized approach strategy for each region that considers both individual characteristics of adults and regional characteristics in a multifaceted manner

영조대 到記儒生殿講에 대한 고찰

박현순 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2013 한국문화 Vol.64 No.-

Since the beginning of the dynasty, Chosŏn’s kings personally held oral examinations for Confucian students at the palace. By the early seventeenth century, this practice became standardized as Regular Palace Oral Examination (ilch’a chŏn’gang 日次殿講) that was held on the fifteenth day of even-number months. Interestingly, King Yŏngjo had a penchant for holding Irregular Oral Examinations, known as togi yusaeng chŏn’gang 到記儒生殿講, and experimenting with literary examinations, and as a consequence, the concurrent holding of both types of irregular examinations became known as ch’un togi and ch’u togi by 1777. Why, then, did King Yŏngjo hold Irregular Palace Oral Examinations with increasing frequency? And why was a literary component introduced to the palace oral examinations? This study examines the defining characteristics of Irregular Palace Oral Examinations by analyzing the changing contexts surrounding the initial introduction of togi chŏn’gang and the subsequent transformation of togi chŏn’gang into ch’un togi and ch’u togi.

다문화가정 여성의 구강건강관리행태 및 구강보건교육인식도 조사 - 일부 농어촌지역 결혼 이주여성을 중심으로 -

구인영,가경환,천종애,문선정 한국도서(섬)학회 2018 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.30 No.4

In South Korea, international marriages and the influx of foreigners increase with its economic development, improved international status and deepened imbalance of marriage supply-demand, and the number of multicultural families increases fast with the quantitative increase of international marriages. This study would provide the baseline data necessary for the construction of a program for the promotion of by comparing oral health behaviors and oral health education needs with oral health beliefs oral health management behavior through a study of the correlation between oral health belief and oral health recognition with married immigrant women in the Rural Areas. This study was conducted, using the interview method and self-administered questionnaire method with 256 married immigrant women who were using a multicultural family support center, immigrant support center or immigrant women-related centers of those living in agricultural and fishing areas of the Yeongnam region from January 27 through March 31, 2017. With the collected data, using SPSS 18.0 statistical software, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and to compare the differences in the oral health recognition according to the general characteristics, x-2 test was conducted, and for the sensitivity, severity, disorder degree, benefit, and importance of the sub-factors of oral health belief, the average values were presented. To compare the differences in oral health belief according to the general characteristics, One-way ANOVA and Sheffe’s posthoc test were conducted, and to analyze the impacts of the sub-areas of oral health belief on effects of oral health behavior and oral health education needs, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. As a result of the study, as for the variables having significant impacts benefit(β=1.232) had a significant impact on regular oral examination. Sensitivity(β=2.787) and severity(β=.568) had significant impacts on scaling experience. Severity(β=.214) and benefit(β=.190) had significant impacts on the awareness of the need of scaling. Severity(β=.214) and benefit(β=.155) had significant impacts on the need of oral health education. Based on the above findings, this study would compare the correlation between oral health belief and oral health recognition in the married immigrant women and seek a program for the promotion of oral health in connection to the sub-areas of oral health belief in the development of a program for the management of oral health in the future. In addition, this study has a significance that it provides the baseline data necessary for the construction of a program for the improvement of married immigrant women’s recognition of oral health and a plan for its utilization. 우리나라는 경제발전과 국제적 지위 향상, 혼인수급 불균형의 심화로 국제결혼과 외국인 유입이 증가하고 있으며, 국제결혼의 양적증가로 다문화가정이 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있다. 국제결혼의 증가로 여성 결혼 이민자들의 건강은 다문화 가족 전체의 건강과 안녕에 직결되며 우리사회 전체의 건강수준에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 그 중요성이 크다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 일부농어촌 지역의 결혼 이주여성을 대상으로 구강건강관리행태 및 구강보건교육인식도와 구강건강신념의 관련성 연구를 통하여 구강건강관리 행위를 증진하기 위한 프로그램을 구축하는데 필요한 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 2017년 1월27일부터 3월 31일까지 일부 영남지역 농어촌에 거주하는 결혼 이주여성 중 다문화가족지원센터와 이주민지원센터, 이주여성 관련센터를 이용하는 대상자 256명을 대상으로 면접조사방법과 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 일반적 특성에 따른 구강건강인식도는 항목 간의 차이를 비교하기 위해 x-검정을 실시하였고, 구강건강신념 하위요소의 감수성, 심각성, 장애도, 유익성, 중요성은 평균값을 제시하였다. 일반적 특성에 따른 구강건강신념의 차이를 비교하기 위해 One-way ANOVA, sheffe의 사후검정을 실시하였고, 구강건강신념 하위영역이 구강관리행태와 구강보건교육인식도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며 통계적 유의 수준은 p<.05로 하였다. 연구결과 정기구강검진 유무에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 변수는 유익성이 β=1.232, 스켈링 경험에는 감수성 β=2.787, 심각성 β=.568로 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스켈링 필요성 인지도는 심각성 β=.214, 유익성 β=.190, 구강보건교육 필요도는 심각성 β=.214, 유익성 β=.155로 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상 결혼 이주여성의 구강건강관리행태 및 구강보건교육인식도와 구강건강신념의 관련성 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 구강건강관리 프로그램 개발에서 구강건강신념의 하위영역과 연계한 구강건강증진 프로그램을 모색하고자 한다. 또한 결혼 이주여성의 구강건강 인식개선 프로그램 및 활용방안을 구축하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.