덕유산국립공원 빛공해 현황 및 빛공해가 공원 생태계에 미치는 잠재적 영향 분석

성찬용,김영재 한국환경생태학회 2020 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구에서는 2018년 1월과 8월에 촬영된 VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) DNB(Day and Night Band) 야간 위성 영상에서 추출한 야간 빛방사량을 이용하여, 덕유산국립공원 지역 빛공해의 공간적・계절적 특성을 파악하고. 이를 바탕으로 빛공해가 덕유산국립공원 생태계에 미치는 잠재적 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 공원 내 주요 빛공해원 중 무주덕유산리조트의 빛방사량이 가장 높았고, 특히 8월에 비해 1월의 빛방사량이 월등히 높은 것으로 조사되어, 겨울철 스키 슬로프와 부대시설 조명이 덕유산국립공원 빛공해의 주요 원인임을 알 수 있었다. 공원 인근 도시지역에서 공원 내부로 이어지는 도시-자연 빛공해 경사(gradient)를 분석한 결과, 빛공해원에서 방사된 빛이 인접 지역으로 최대 1㎞까지 침투하여 공원 경계 지역을 빛공해로 오염시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 문헌 조사를 통해 덕유산국립공원 내 공간적 분포가 알려진 법정 보호종 중 포유류 4종(담비, 무산쇠족제비, 삵, 하늘다람쥐), 조류 2종(새호리기, 황조롱이), 양서파충류 9종(꼬리치레도롱뇽, 도롱뇽, 이끼도롱뇽, 북방산개구리, 계곡산개구리, 누룩뱀, 유혈목이, 쇠살모사, 까치살모사), 어류(감돌고기, 돌상어)가 빛공해가 심각한 지역에 서식하고 있었다. 이 중 삵과 하늘다람쥐 등 야행성 종의 서식환경이 특히 나빠진 것으로 보인다. 이 결과는 빛공해로부터 국립공원과 같은 보호지역 생태계를 보호하기 위해서는, 공원 내부뿐 아니라 인접 지역의 야간 조명을 관리하여야 하며, 야생동식물의 생태적 특성을 고려한 야간 조명 관리가 필요하다는 것을 시사해 주는 결과이다. This study characterized the spatial and seasonal patterns of light pollution in the Deogyusan National Park and examined the potential effects of light pollution on ecosystems in the park using light intensities derived from VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) DNB (Day and Night Band) nightlight images collected in January and August 2018. Results showed that the Muju Deogyusan resort had the greatest light intensity than other sources of light pollution in the park, and light intensity of the resort was much higher in January than in August, suggesting that artificial lights in ski slopes and facilities were the major source of light pollution in the park. An analysis of an urban-natural light pollution gradient along a neighboring urban area through the inside of the park indicated that light radiated from a light pollution source permeated for up to 1km into the adjacent area and contaminated the edge area of the park. Of the legally protected species whose distributions were reported in literature, four mammals (Martes flavigula, Mustela nivalis, Prionailurus bengalensis, Pteromys volans aluco), two birds (Falco subbuteo, Falco tinnunculus), and nine amphibians and reptiles (Onychodactylus koreanus, Hynobius leechii, Karsenia koreana, Rana dybowskii, Rana huanrenensis, Elaphe dione, Rhabdophis tigrinus, Gloydius ussuriensis, Gloydius saxatilis) inhabited light-polluted areas. Of those species inhabiting light-polluted areas, nocturnal species, such as Prionailurus bengalensis and Pteromys volans aluco, in particular, were vulnerable to light pollution. These results implied that protecting ecosystems from light pollution in national parks requires managing nighttime light in the parks and surrounding areas and making a plan to manage nighttime light pollution by taking into account ecological characteristics of wild animals in the parks.

ADAS 와 자동차 전조등 지능화를 위한 단안 영상과 AdaBoost 학습 기반의 야간 선행 차량 인식

김성욱(Seong-Uk Kim),박정민(Jeong-Min Park),이준웅(Joon-Woong Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.23 No.10

We propose a new algorithm to detect preceding vehicles using AdaBoost learning and linear-regression-based tracking in the road traffic scene at night. Many existing algorithms that can detect preceding vehicles at night mainly rely on the threshold values of colors or intensities in exploring the light blobs that correspond to the taillights of the vehicles because the salient cues for nighttime vehicle detection are lamp lights. In addition, the algorithms require many heuristic rules to select the real taillights among the detected light blobs. Hence, these algorithms suffer from difficulties in determining the threshold values and rules that can address various illumination conditions and camera exposure parameters. In contrast, the proposed algorithm, which uses the AdaBoost learning, does not rely on such threshold values and rules. To enhance the robustness of the detection while overcoming difficult traffic environments, the algorithm also uses a tracking scheme based on linear regression. The experimental results of actual road images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Case Study on the Nighttime Landscape Lighting of Architectural, Road, and Park

정원영,이진숙,이종세,박지영 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

(Background and Purpose) This study was motivated by the evolving trends in lighting technology, societal changes, and urban conditions, leading to variations in research, development, and installation trends in nighttime landscape lighting in South Korea. This study aims to identify the factors and technologies influencing nighttime landscape lighting, analyze current issues, and explore potential improvements. (Method) As a research method, a preliminary study was conducted on the nighttime landscape lighting of buildings, roads, and parks, including a review of prior research (papers published after 2012) and an analysis of application cases (domestic projects and technologies related to nighttime landscape lighting established within the last 5 years). (Results) The factors influencing nighttime landscape lighting, derived from the preliminary study survey and case analysis, are as follows: ① Light Pollution Prevention: Use of Full Cut-off or Cut-off lighting fixtures, prevention of light leakage outside the illumination area, avoidance of direct glare, flickering lights, and color changes, and minimizing the impact of direct or indirect light on neighboring buildings. ② Crime prevention and safety: Ensuring brightness and uniformity, differentiated lighting for entrances and exits, and installing lighting on floors and railings. ③ Energy conservation: Utilizing high-efficiency lighting fixtures, renewable energy sources, and LED lighting, and establishing lighting operation plans. ④ Harmonization of urban landscapes day and night: Minimizing the exposure of lighting fixtures, avoiding colors conflicting with the original colors of buildings, and excessive lighting effects. ⑤ Integration of ICT and IoT technologies: Incorporating CCTV and sensors for lighting control, collecting environmental information, information-based lighting control, real-time monitoring, fault detection, and usage tracking. ⑥ Specialization of nighttime landscapes: Using string lights, light tunnels, high-bay lighting, fiber optic lighting, lighting for sculptures, etc., and designing lighting that reflects storytelling and regional characteristics, providing lighting content, and employing media facades and media art. (Conclusions) The integration of IoT and ICT technologies in nighttime landscape lighting allows for automated control of lighting environments (brightness, color, etc.) based on factors like human movement detection, road conditions, external light levels, weather, and fine dust information. Additionally, the application of Media Facades technology is expanding, transforming into local landmarks and nighttime tourist attractions. Future research and technological developments and improvements are needed in areas such as "Media Facade design to reduce light pollution," "Energy-saving strategies for landscape lighting considering harmony with the surroundings, safety, light pollution prevention, and visual and psychological comfort while actively utilizing renewable energy," "Strategies for widespread adoption of smart streetlights," "Considering appropriate brightness, lighting controls, lighting methods, and installation locations to prevent glare," and "Lighting design and content delivery to enhance the identity and distinctiveness of the area."

퍼지집합이론을 이용한 야간 도로 시인성 평가

이동민(LEE, Dong Min),윤천주(Youn, Chun Joo),김영범(KIM, Young Beom) 한국도로학회 2015 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.17 No.5

PURPOSES: Nighttime driving is very different from daytime driving because drivers must obtain nighttime sight-distances based on road lights and headlights. Unfortunately, nighttime driving conditions in Korea are far from ideal due to poor lighting and an insufficient number of road lights and inadequate operation and maintenance of delineators. This study is conducted to develop new standards for nighttime road visibility based on experiments of driver perception for nighttime visibility conditions. METHODS : In the study, perception level and satisfaction of nighttime visibility were investigated. A total of 60 drivers participated, including 34 older drivers and 31 young drivers. To evaluate driver perceptions of nighttime road visibility, fuzzy set theory was used because the conventional analysis methods for driver perception are limited in effectiveness for considering the characteristics of perception which are subjective and vague, and are generally expressed in terms of linguistic terminologies rather than numerical parameters. RESULTS : This study found that levels of nighttime visibility, as perceived by drivers, are remarkably similar to their satisfactions in different nighttime driving conditions with a log-function relationship. Older drivers evaluated unambiguously degree of nighttime visibility but evaluations by young drivers regarding it were unclear. CONCLUSIONS : A minimum value of brightness on roads was established as YUX 30, based on final analyzed results. In other words, road lights should be installed and operated to obtain more than YUX 30 brightness for the safety and comfort of nighttime driving.

Is eThekwini metropolitan municipality (EMM) experiencing light pollution?: A remote sensing analysis of nighttime data of EMM, South Africa

Zandile Mncube,Samuel Adelabu,Efosa Adagbasa 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.2

Nighttime light remote (NTL) sensing has improved the approaches taken in studying natural and social sciences. NTLs on the Earth surface can be utilised to study huma-related studies such as urbanisation, population, and light pollution. In most cases, NTL application studies are common in fast developing and developed countries such as China and United State of America while African countries are still left behind in taking part in these studies. The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of NTL data and the extent of light pollution in urban areas of South Africa. This study explores the use of NTL data in studying light pollution in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. The study quantified and assessed light pollution and its sources in the Municipality using spatial analyst tools such as reclassification and supervised images classification (Maximum likelihood) algorithm. The classes of light pollution were classified ranging from very low to very high light pollution. With land use land cover (LULC) classes representing main sources of light pollution. The study discovered that light pollution is mainly found in and around the city centre of the municipality where main economic and human activities take place. This is where mainly the built-up and commercial LULC classes were observed to be located. The correlation analysis between light pollution and LULC classes revealed strong correlation between high and very high light pollution classes and these LULC classes. These are the areas making use of artificial light at night leading to light pollution in the Municipality.

야간차량검출기의 후미등분류기를 위한 색특징 추출

김가현(Gahyun Kim),임준택(Jun-Taek Lim),정호기(Ho Gi Jung) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

Light blob detection is one of the most important techniques for a night time vehicle detection system. Light blob detection results could be used for intelligent headlight control (IHC) and forward collision warning (FCW). Since light blobs are detected according to their brightness, it is hard to discriminate tail-lights from traffic signs. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a novel method to effectively classify tail lights from detected light blobs. The proposed method utilizes the fact that tail-lights are red colored unlike most of traffic signs. This method determines whether the detected light blob is red colored based on hue value in HSV color space. In particular, we extract redness of light blob by applying a weighting function to all pixels of light blob rather than generating hue histogram. This approach enables the light blob detector to reduce memory consumption and to avoid quantization noise compared with the previous hue histogram-based method. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method successfully discriminates trail lights from traffic signs.

야간 도시공간 범죄예방환경설계(CPTED)에 있어 조명환경에 관한 연구

양정순 ( Jungsoon Yang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.3

(Background and Purpose) The safety of an urban space at night, in particular, is the most basic requirement to enhance the quality of life of urban people and strengthen a city’s competitiveness. A well-planned lighting scheme in an urban space can give a feeling of safety and prevent crime. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a crime prevention design methodology realized through environmental planning. CPTED is understood as essential in the process of spatial planning in Korea, and the government is trying to systematically integrate it into laws and institutions. However, it is difficult to utilize CPTED because it is ambiguous in its method of application and procedures when applied to making urban spaces feel safe at night. Therefore, this study attempts to address the need to find a way to identify and solve problems with CPTED related to urban safety at night. (Method) In the course of conducting this research, domestic and foreign literature, systems and guidelines, and related projects are surveyed first. In the process of analysis, the content on the application of CPTED to the domestic urban environment at night suggests only the problem of securing the lighting or visibility, but there is a lack of a systematic approach and specificity in its procedures and implementation. In addition, it has been concluded that the lighting environment in the domestic CPTED system and project is recognized as simply an additional element and is applied without spatial understanding, a clear approach, or criteria for the method of application. Therefore, effective methods of application, such as supplementing the system of CPTED and establishing guidelines for a lighting plan are required. (Results) As a result of the study, the entire direction of the laws, regulations, and administrative guidelines should be presented along with their methods of application, such as implementation plans reflecting localities and the introduction of a certification system. It was determined that it would be necessary for experts to establish application guidelines for the lighting environment and a checklist for the management and operation of the system by general citizens. In this paper, the elements of the lighting environment that must be addressed in the CPTED guidelines are deduced. These elements include the concept or direction of the lighting environment, spatial understanding and perception, brightness distribution, color, light pollution, efficiency and management, and the relationship with the surrounding scenery. (Conclusions) Through the research process, it was confirmed that the lighting design of CPTED is like the direction of a desirable lighting plan for urban spaces. In addition, with respect to CPTED, this study is significant in establishing the main lighting factors that should be presented in procedural supplementary methods and guidelines.

위성 야간광 자료를 이용한 북한의 발전량 예측 연구

김봉찬,이슬기,이창욱 대한원격탐사학회 2024 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.40 No.1

Electrical energy is a key source of energy for modern civilization, and changes in electricitygeneration and consumption are closely related to industry and life in general. In this study, we identifiedthe correlation between electricity generation and nighttime light values in South Korea and used it topredict monthly electricity generation trends in North Korea. The results of the study showed a low Pearsoncorrelation coefficient of 0.34 between nighttime light and electricity generation in Seoul, but a high Pearsoncorrelation coefficient of 0.79 between weighting for Seoul case nighttime light values and electricitygeneration using monthly average temperature. Using nighttime light values weighting for Seoul case bythe average monthly temperature in Pyongyang to predict the monthly power generation trend in NorthKorea, we found that the month-on-month power generation increase in December 2022 was about 60%higher than the month-on-month power generation increase in December 2020 and 2021. The results ofthis study are expected to help predict monthly electricity generation trends in regions where monthlyelectricity generation data does not exist, making it difficult to identify timely industry trends.

주거지역 대로변 완충녹지의 야간 안전성 확보를 위한 경관조명 설계에 관한 연구

이종성,이석준 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2013 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 경관조명 시뮬레이션 기법을 활용하여 야간 보행자의 보행안전 확보를 위해 대로변에 조성된 완충녹지 공간을 고려한 조명기구 배치의 적절성을 평가하여 효율적 경관조명 설계 방법론을 제시하고 있다. 이를 위해 도로조명기준에 부합하는 가로 조명환경을 구현하고 일정 수준 성장이 이루어진 가로수를 배치하여 가로수에 의한 조명감소환경을 구현한 후 이를 개선하기 위해 배광이 제어되지 않은 보조 조명기구를 가로등 하단부와 보행로와 완충녹지경계에 위치시켜 설치 위치에 따른 조도 개선효과를 비교하였다. 결과에서 보행로의 조명환경 개선 효과와 동시에완충녹지의 조명환경 역시 크게 개선됨을 보여주고 있다. 또한 보조 조명기구를 가로등 간 보행로와 완충녹지의 경계에설치할 경우 배광이 제어되지 않은 조명기구보다 배광이 적절히 제어된 조명기구의 개선효과가 조도의 측면에서 우수함을알 수 있었다. 결과를 바탕으로 야간 보행자의 안전을 고려하기 위해 조명설계와 완충녹지 설계 시 경관조명 시뮬레이션기법을 활용하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있다. This study proposes an efficient methodology for landscape lighting design, which evaluates an appropriate street lighting layout that involves a green buffer zone constructed near a boulevard, for the safety and security of pedestrians at night. We simulate a roadside lighting environment that meets the Korean road lighting standard, and simulate a reduced lighting environment due to roadside trees reaching a certain level of growth. To mitigate the reduced lighting environment, supplementary lighting fixtures with uncontrolled lighting intensity distribution are placed in two areas: the lower part of the street lighting fixture and in a straight line between the walkway and the green buffer zone. We then compare the simulation results. The results show great improvement in the walkways and the green buffer zone. When supplementary lighting fixtures are placed between the street lighting fixtures, illuminance. This landscape lighting simulation approach is needed for a lighting and green buffer zone design that ensures a practical feeling of safety and security.

문화시설의 야간경관조명 기법과 평가방안에 관한 연구

김미선,이정호,서지은 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.9

Recently New city or the redevelopement of the city is active, The use against the public space of the city is magnified at nighttime, hereupon the demand of exterior lighting is increasing suddenly. Also it raises a city dignity and overview Plans Division against the nighttime view of Taegu for sightseeing activation the necessity of the integrated civil official who will reach is proposed.But Taegu there is not still like this master plan, Also the civil official station scatters, It is a condition where system management does not become.Is like that with, city image improvement and nighttime sightseeing activation the master plan against a exterior lighting is necessary.From the research which it sees hereupon overview culture facility in public facilities of Taegu it investigates the technique and an evaluation item of exterior lighting in the object and it analyzes with plan of exterior lighting of the building, when design doing, is effective data it it provides from city view fundamentally in objective.