QoS 보장을 위한 멀티미디어 데이터 스케줄링 연구

김지원(Ji-Won Kim),신광식(Kwang-Sik Shin),윤완오(Wan-Oh Yoon),최상방(Sang-Bang Choi) 大韓電子工學會 2009 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.46 No.5

음성, 영상, 데이터와 같은 다양한 멀티미디어 서비스는 많은 대역폭과 실시간 처리가 필요하기 때문에 데이터의 지연과 손실에 민감한 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 네트워크의 혼잡 상황과 무선채널의 에러로 인한 데이터의 손실이 발생하여 사용자에게 QoS를 보장해주지 못하게 된다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 멀티미디어 스트리밍 흐름에 속한 데이터 패킷의 중요도에 따른 차등적인 서비스로 멀티미디어의 품질을 개선하는 알고리즘의 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 무선손실이 발생했을 경우 IWFQ 알고리즘과 같이 동작하다가 멀티미디어 플로의 재생시간이 촉박할 때 우선적으로 채널을 할당하는 WMS-1(Wireless Multimedia Scheduling-1) 알고리즘과, 멀티미디어 플로에 우선권을 부여하고 프레임 유형에 따라 우선순위가 높은 프레임을 갖는 플로를 먼저 서비스하는 WMS-2(Wireless Multimedia Scheduling-2) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 알고리즘과의 비교를 통해 제안한 알고리즘의 멀티미디어 서비스 품질이 개선되었고 기지국의 큐 사이즈가 클수록 전체 서비스의 품질과 fairness가 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Multimedia streaming service is susceptible to loss and delay of data as it requires high bandwidth and real time processing. Therefore QoS cannot be guaranteed due to data loss caused by heavy network traffic and error of wireless channel. To solve these problems, studies about algorithms which improve the quality of multimedia by serving differently according to the priority of packets in multimedia stream. Two algorithms are proposed in this paper. The first algorithm proposed is WMS-1(Wirless Multimedia Scheduling-1) algorithm which acts like IWFQ when any wireless loss is occurred but assigns channels first in case of urgent situation like when the running time of multimedia runs out. The second algorithm proposed is WMS-2(Wirless Multimedia Scheduling-2) algorithm that assigns priority to multimedia flow and schedules flow that has higher priority according to type of frame first. The comparison with other existing scheduling algorithms shows that multimedia service quality of the proposed algorithm is improved and the larger the queue size of base station is, the better total quality of service and fairness were gained.

다중 스트림을 이용한 객체기반 MPEG-4 컨텐트의 적응 기법

차경애 한국산업정보학회 2006 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.11 No.3

In this paper, an adaptive algorithm is proposed in streaming MPEG-4 contents with fluctuating resource amount such as throughput of network conditions. In the area of adaptive streaming issue, a lot of researches have been made on how to represent encoded media(such as video) bitstream in scalable way. By contrast, MPEG-4 supports object-based multimedia content which is composed of various types of media streams such as audio, video, image and other graphical elements. Thus, it can be more effective to provide individual media streams in scalable way for streaming object-based content to heterogeneous environment. The proposed method provides the multiple media streams corresponding to an object with different qualities and bit rate in order to support object based scalability to the MPEG-4 content. In addition, an optimal selection of the multiple streams for each object to meet a given constraint is proposed. The selection process is adopted a multiple choice knapsack problem with multi-step selection for the MPEG-4 objects with different scalability levels. The proposed algorithm enforces the optimal selection process to maintain the perceptual qualities of more important objects at the best effort. The experimental results show that the set of selected media stream for presenting objects meets a current transmission condition with more high perceptual quality.

A MULTIPATH CONGESTION CONTROL SCHEME FOR HIGH-QUALITY MULTIMEDIA STREAMING

( Sunghee Lee ),( Kwangsue Chung ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.1

As network adaptive streaming technology becomes increasingly common, transport protocol also becomes important in guaranteeing the quality of multimedia streaming. At the same time, because of the appearance of high-quality video such as Ultra High Definition (UHD), preventing buffering as well as preserving high quality while deploying a streaming service becomes important. The Internet Engineering Task Force recently published Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP improves the maximum transmission rate by simultaneously transmitting data over different paths with multiple TCP subflows. However, MPTCP cannot preserve high quality, because the MPTCP subflows slowly increase the transmission rate, and upon detecting a packet loss, drastically halve the transmission rate. In this paper, we propose a new multipath congestion control scheme for high-quality multimedia streaming. The proposed scheme preserves high quality of video by adaptively adjusting the increasing parameter of subflows according to the network status. The proposed scheme also increases network efficiency by providing load balancing and stability, and by supporting fairness with single-flow congestion control schemes.

리눅스 환경에서의 IEEE1394 기반 멀티미디어 스트리밍

조상길,최창열 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2003 정보통신논문지 Vol.7 No.-

In this paper, we have designed and implemented Linux based multimedia streaming system to transmit, receive, and display MPEG2-TS data as well as DV(Digital Video) data. Besides media streaming over IEEE1394, the system provides an efficient user interface module to manage the control of IEEE1394 devices and streaming. Experimental tests on an IEEE1394 based home network system show that devices control and media streaming perform well. The proposed system has the potential to become an important technological basis for the further development of home networking and multimedia streaming services.

Optimizing Caching in a Patch Streaming Multimedia-on-Demand System

Bulti, Dinkisa Aga,Raimond, Kumudha Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.3

In on-demand multimedia streaming systems, streaming techniques are usually combined with proxy caching to obtain better performance. The patch streaming technique has no start-up latency inherent to it, but requires extra bandwidth to deliver the media data in patch streams. This paper proposes a proxy caching technique which aims at reducing the bandwidth cost of the patch streaming technique. The proposed approach determines media prefixes with high patching cost and caches the appropriate media prefix at the proxy/local server. Herein the scheme is evaluated using a synthetically generated media access workload and its performance is compared with that of the popularity and prefix-aware interval caching scheme (the prefix part) and with that of patch streaming with no caching. The bandwidth saving, hit ratio and concurrent number of clients are used to compare the performance, and the proposed scheme is found to perform better for different caching capacities of the proxy server.

Optimizing Caching in a Patch Streaming Multimedia-on-Demand System

Dinkisa Aga Bulti,Kumudha Raimond 한국정보과학회 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.3

In on-demand multimedia streaming systems, streaming techniques are usually combined with proxy caching to obtain better performance. The patch streaming technique has no start-up latency inherent to it, but requires extra bandwidth to deliver the media data in patch streams. This paper proposes a proxy caching technique which aims at reducing the bandwidth cost of the patch streaming technique. The proposed approach determines media prefixes with high patching cost and caches the appropriate media prefix at the proxy/local server. Herein the scheme is evaluated using a synthetically generated media access workload and its performance is compared with that of the popularity and prefix-aware interval caching scheme (the prefix part) and with that of patch streaming with no caching. The bandwidth saving, hit ratio and concurrent number of clients are used to compare the performance, and the proposed scheme is found to perform better for different caching capacities of the proxy server.

다중 피어 결합을 이용한 P2P 멀티미디어 스트리밍 프로토콜

정의현(Eui-Hyun Jung) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2006 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.11 No.2

P2P 기술의 각광에도 불구하고 P2P 상에서 멀티미디어 스트리밍에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 주목을 받지 못하고 있다. 이것은 피어간의 낮은 대역폭과 신뢰도가 낮은 접속 등의 몇 가지 이유 때문에 P2P 멀티미디어 스트리밍이 어렵기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 여러 피어와의 연결을 한 개의 가상적인 채널로 제공하는 프로토콜인 다중피어 바인딩 프로토콜(MPBP: Multi-Peer Binding Protocol)을 제안한다. 이 프로토콜은 응용들이 여러 피어로부터 동시에 데이터를 다운로드 받아서 성능 개선과 안정된 스트리밍을 할 수 있게 해준다. 이를 위해서 MPBP는 미디어 파일을 작은 청크로 분리하고, 각 청크를 구분하고 전송할 수 있는 기법을 제공한다. 구현된 MPBP 엔진은 데이터 송신 서버로부터의 갑작스런 접속 단절을 효과적으로 다루는 것에 중점을 두어 개발되었으며, 실험 결과는 MPBP 프로토콜이 이를 효율적으로 다루는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 MPBP는 여러 미디어 타입에 대해서 지원이 가능하도록 설계되었으며, 이를 검증하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 비디오와 오디오 응용을 MPBP 엔진을 이용하여 개발하였다. In spite of the popularity of P2P technology, a multimedia streaming using the P2P technology has been neglected. The reason for this is that the P2P multimedia streaming has suffered from several inherent problems especially poor bandwidth and unreliable connection among peers. We suggest a Multi-Peer Binding Protocol (MPBP) in this paper that provides a virtual single channel composed of multiple connections to several peers to ease these problems. The protocol enables applications to download data from multiple peers simultaneously, so they can achieve throughput improvement and reliable streaming. For this, the MPBP splits media files into small chunks and provides a mechanism for identifying and transmitting each chunk. Implemented MPBP engine focuses on handling an abrupt disconnection from data sending peers and the evaluation result shows the MPBP is able to handle it gracefully. The MPBP is also designed to support various media types. To verify this, video and audio applications are implemented using the MPBP engine in this paper.

CORBA 기반 분산환경에서 적응적 멀티미디어 스트림 서비스

김종현,전선배 동의공업대학 2000 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

This paper present a design and simple evaluation of an audio/video stream services with adaptive QoS control based on CORBA distributed objects. Our design abstracts software components concerning the processing of audio/video as distributed objects. And we separates the transmission path of control data and media data for efficient stream transfer. Our system architecture support multicast connections as well as point-to-point connection. We show a call/connection and flow control procedure of stream. And we propose simple QoS management policy based on a feedback style dynamic adaptive QoS control. Finally, we introduce an implementation environments and evaluate a simple performance.

Analysis of Aggregated HTTP-based Video Traffic

Biernacki, Arkadiusz The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.5

Increase of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-based video popularity causes that broadband and Internet service providers' links transmit mainly multimedia content. Network planning, traffic engineering or congestion control requires understanding of the statistical properties of network traffic; therefore, it is desirable to investigate the characteristic of traffic traces generated, among others, by systems which employ adaptive bit-rate streaming. In our work, we investigate traffic originating from 120 client-server pairs, situated in an emulated laboratory environment, and multiplexed onto a single network link. We show that the structure of the traffic is distinct from the structure generated by first and second generation of HTTP video systems, and furthermore, not similar to the structure of general Internet traffic. The obtained traffic exhibits negative correlations, anti-persistence, and its distribution function is skewed to the right. Furthermore, we show that the traffic generated by clients employing the same or similar play-out strategies is positively correlated and synchronised (clustered), whereas traffic originated from different play-out strategies shows negative or no correlations.

Analysis of Aggregated HTTP-based Video Traffic

Arkadiusz Biernacki 한국통신학회 2016 Journal of communications and networks Vol.18 No.5

Increase of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)-basedvideo popularity causes that broadband and Internet serviceproviders’ links transmit mainly multimedia content. Networkplanning, traffic engineering or congestion control requires un-derstanding of the statistical properties of network traffic; there-fore, it is desirable to investigate the characteristic of traffic tracesgenerated, among others, by systems which employ adaptive bit-rate streaming. In our work, we investigate traffic originating from120 client-server pairs, situated in an emulated laboratory environ-ment, andmultiplexed onto a single network link.We show that thestructure of the traffic is distinct from the structure generated byfirst and second generation of HTTP video systems, and further-more, not similar to the structure of general Internet traffic. Theobtained traffic exhibits negative correlations, anti-persistence,and its distribution function is skewed to the right. Furthermore,we show that the traffic generated by clients employing the sameor similar play-out strategies is positively correlated and synchro-nised (clustered), whereas traffic originated from different play-outstrategies shows negative or no correlations.