여가·관광통행의 연구동향과 쟁점

장윤정(Yoon Jeung Jang) 한국관광연구학회 2014 관광연구저널 Vol.28 No.9

A rising demand for leisure and tourist trips has led to a steady increase in research on leisure and tourism. As a result, it has become crucial to obtain reliable data that can be analysed. To ensure that such data can be collected, this study identifies existing research trends, as well as the characteristics of the data used to analyse such research and determine its limitations. The data is classified under the following headings: trip and activity journals for a household travel survey, GPS data, individual survey data relating to a particular object or purpose, in-depth interview data, and journals on social relations and time utilization. Because the characteristics of leisure trips are not taken into account for data collection, these methods can produce unreliable results. To ensure reliable data collection with regard to leisure and tourist trips, the following requirements should be satisfied: questionnaires that clearly reflect the characteristics of leisure and tourist trips should be developed; temporal and seasonal factors that affect leisure activities should be considered; data should be gathered and investigations conducted over the long term, while new techniques for collecting data on leisure and tourist trips (often irregular and sporadic) should be implemented. A series of such undertakings will facilitate more accurate and reliable data collection; this will lead to better estimates of the demand for leisure and tourist trips.

전시되는 제국과 피식민 주체의 여행 -1930년대 만주수학여행기를 중심으로-

우미영 ( Mi Yeong Woo ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 (구 한양대학교 한국학연구소) 2010 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.48 No.-

이 글의 목적은 만주 수학여행(기)을 통해 학생 여가문화 활동을 추동하고 통제하는 작동원리를 살펴보는 데 있다. 일반적으로 근대적 여가는 노동에 대비된 비노동의 개념으로 인식된다. 그러나 학생의 여가에 대해서는 비노동으로서 여가 개념을 단순하게 대입하여 적용하기 어려운 점이 있다. 이것은 학생의 시간에 대한 윤리성과 근대적 교양론이 합쳐져 또 다른 교육과 학습의 시간으로 인식되기 때문이다. 이를 통해 학생의 새로운 생활 양식으로서 여가 문화가 탄생했다고 볼 수 있다. 수학여행은 학교 내외에서 이루어진 학생들의 다양한 여가 문화 활동 가운데 하나이다. 1920, 30년대 조선인 학생의 수학여행은 “지식 함양”을 목적으로 한 학교 밖의 또다른 교과목으로서의 위상을 지향하고 있으나 실상에는 괴리가 존재한다. 이는 수학여행이 정례화되기 시작하면서부터 반복적으로 거론된 존폐론을 통해 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 교양론 자체만으로는 수학여행의 의미를 제대로 해명하기에 부족하다. 이를 위해서는 교양론의 저변에 깔린 의미구조까지 살펴보아야 한다. 수학여행이라는 제도의 기저에서 작동하는 것은 자본주의적 소비 형태로서의 관광 논리와 일본의 제국주의적 지배 전략 논리이다. 수학여행의 이러한 특징을 전형적으로 보여주는 예가 만주수학여행이다. 수학여행지로서 만주라는 공간은 조선인이 초대받은 일본 제국의 전시회장이다. 여행이라는 매력적인 형식을 취하고 있긴 하지만 이에 참여한 조선인 인솔자 및 학생들은 제국이 가진 전쟁 능력의 가공력과 역동적인 승전담을 통해 제국의 감정 정치 논리에 쉽게 빠져든다. 이를 만주수학여행의 일정표와 이를 수행하는 과정에서 발생하는 조선인 여행자의 정체성이 교란되는 양상을 통해 살펴보았다. 이로부터 일탈할 수 있는 시간으로서 자유시간이 주어지긴 하지만 이 또한 수학여행의 구조로부터 전적으로 자유로울 수는 없다. 하지만 제한적이나마 이 시간을 통해 학생들이 만주 및 만주 거주 조선인에 대해 어떻게 받아들이는지를 살펴볼 수 있었다. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism to follow up and control students` leisure activities through school trip (writings) to Manchuria. In general, modern leisure is understood as a concept of non-labor against labor. Regarding students` leisure, however, it is hard to simply apply leisure concept as non-labor because the ethics and modern general culture on students` time are combined and perceived as another education and learning time. Then, leisure culture is born as students` new lifestyle. A school trip is one of students` diverse extracurricular leisure activities. During the 1920s and 30s, the school trip for Joseon students was targeted to acquire knowledge as an extracurricular subject. In reality, however, things were different. This disparity can be confirmed through the Continuation of Abolition which has been repetitively mentioned since the regularization of school trip. Therefore, general culture theory itself is not enough to explain the genuine meaning of school trip. For this, we need to figure out the meaning structure of general culture theory. The school trip system is the logic of tourism in a type of capitalistic consumption and Japan`s imperialistic governing strategy. It is ``School Trip to Manchuria,`` which shows this kind of characteristics of school trip. In a school trip, Manchuria is an exhibition hail of the Japanese Empire, in which Koreans are invited. Even though it is just a trip, Korean teachers and students become easily vulnerable to the logic of the Japanese Empire`s emotional politics through its triumphal stories. This paper has investigated the disturbance in Korean travelers` identity during their trip to Manchuria. Even though they were given free time, they were not be able to completely free from the influence of the school trip. However, this paper has been able to investigate their attitude and perspective on Koreans in Manchuria.

COVID-19 발생 이후 근린 내 상업 환경이 여가 통행 변화에 미치는 영향 분석 : 거주지기반 여가통행을 중심으로

양승희,박진아 대한국토·도시계획학회 2023 國土計劃 Vol.58 No.4

Since the first COVID-19 outbreak in Korea in January 2020, trip patterns and living radii in cities have decreased, and the more concentrated near residential areas. However, changes in the living radius vary depending on the place of residence, and commercial characteristics can lead to problems in accessibility and a gap in the quality of life owing to movement restrictions. Therefore, research from this perspective is necessary; however, mainly research on the spatial changes in the sales and trip behaviors has been conducted, and this is insufficient. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the change in the trip behavior by paying attention to the neighborhood and commercial environment. The main results derived from this study are as follows. First, after the COVID-19 outbreak, the commercial environment affected home-based leisure trips. Second, after the COVID-19 outbreak, home-based leisure trips decreased significantly in areas with a higher retail density. Third, after the outbreak of COVID-19, home-based leisure trips decreased significantly in areas with a higher density of leisure stores. Using these results, this study aims to present the importance of the neighborhood. It is important that the analysis of the trip changes and influencing factors during special periods are confirmed using the commercial environment and neighborhood Big O-D data after the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is expected that measures can be taken against continuously-occurring infectious diseases such as MERS in the past, and COVID-19 today, and help change the trip patterns. 본 연구는 타 특성에 비해 COVID-19 발생 이후 이용인구 및매출액 감소, 폐업점포 증가 등 큰 변화가 나타나는 상업 특성에집중하고자 하였다. 이때, 김동현·박진아(2017)의 연구를 고찰하면 주거지 인근 근린생활시설 차이는 거주민의 접근성, 삶의 질에 대한 격차 문제로 이어질 수 있다. COVID-19 발생 이전에는거주지 인근 시설밀도 및 다양성의 정도에 따라 통행거리 및 반경을 늘리는 것으로 일부 완화할 수 있었으나(장윤정·이승일, 2010; 박강민·최창규, 2012), COVID-19 발생 이후는 감염병에대한 부담이 존재하기 때문에 섣불리 통행거리를 늘릴 수 없어 그만큼 거리가 감소하고 있다. 즉, 본 시기는 감염병의 영향으로 인해 COVID-19 발생 이전과 달리 상반된 경향이 나타나고 있으며, 특히 거주지 인근 수요가 증가하고 있다. 또한 생활반경 및 통행거리는 거주지 인근 상업 환경에 의한 차이를 보이고 있음을 알수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 COVID-19 발생 이후, 근린 내 상업 환경에따른 통행거리의 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 감염병 시기의전체적인 거주지기반 통행 변화를 확인하고, 그 후 상업 환경에따른 거주지기반 여가통행거리변화를 분석한다.

지역간 여가통행의 시간가치 산정 연구

이장호 대한교통학회 2012 대한교통학회지 Vol.30 No.6

The relative importance of leisure trip has been increased after adopting the five-day workweek system and considering the higher income level. Thus, the value of travel time for intercity leisure trips should be estimated to conduct a reasonable benefit/cost analysis for railway construction projects. In this paper, the value of travel time was estimated separately for each trip purpose such as business, leisure, and other non-business than leisure. The estimated values of leisure travel time ranged from 5,310 to 14,185 (won/hr) by altering travel mode, and were increased by 42-107% when comparing with those of non-business travel time. Besides, how to apply the value of intercity leisure travel time for B/C analysis of railway projects was suggested. For the construction case of a railway connecting Chuncheon and Sokcho, the estimated benefit was increased by 2.3%. 주 5일 근무제 시행과 소득수준 향상 등으로 인하여 지역간 통행에 있어서 여가통행의 비중이 높아짐에 따라 철도사업의 합리적 평가를 위한 여가통행의 시간가치 산정 및 적용방안 등의 마련이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 따라 본연구에서는 업무, 여가, 여가제외 비업무 통행에 대하여 수단선택모형을 구축하여 한계대체율법에 의한 시간가치를산정하고, 이를 기초로 업무통행 대비 여가통행, 비업무통행의 비율을 도출하여 최종적으로 한계임금율법에 의한 통행목적별 시간가치를 산정하였다. 분석결과 여가통행은 타 비업무목적 통행에 비하여 시간가치가 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 이를 사례분석에 적용한 결과에서도 비업무통행 시간가치를 적용하는 기존 방법론에 비하여 편익이 다소증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

구조방정식을 이용한 강원도 국립공원 매력도 영향요인 분석

이훈기(Lee Hun-Ki) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2011 國土計劃 Vol.46 No.1

Rapid car ownership and 5-day working have brought significant increase in leisure trips. The growth of the leisure trips could have impact not only on people's economy, life and culture but also on feasibility of leisure-trip related transport facility. One of important factors to leisure trip is attractiveness of tourist area. A study is needed to identify affecting factors to the attractiveness, since they are interacted complicatedly. This study aims at analyzing affecting factors to the attractiveness of tourist area using SEM(structural equation model). A survey was done in 3 national parks of Gangwon-do to collect data for estimating the SEM and a total of 722 samples were collected. The estimated SEM, being composed of three exogenous latent variables and an endogenous latent variable, shows that the attractiveness in tourist places is strongly affected by scenary, accessibility and convenience. Especially it should be strengthened that the scenary was the most important factor of deciding the attractiveness in the tourist areas.

서울시 이동가능 고령인구의 주요 통행패턴과 노인 지하철 무임승차제도에 대한 인식

노시학,양은정 국토지리학회 2011 국토지리학회지 Vol.45 No.4

본 논문은 일상적 이동이 가능한 서울에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인들을 대상으로 이들의 주요 통행패턴과 노인 지하철무임승차제도에 대한 인식을 분석하였다. 연구대상 노인들이 도보 이외에 가장 많이 이용하는 교통수단으로는 지하철이 다른 교통수단에 비하여 압도적으로 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 지하철을 이용한 가장 중요한 통행목적으로는 친교 및 여가활동이 다른 활동들에 비하여 매우 큰 차이로 수위를 점하고 있다. 하지만 노인들의 특성에 따라 이러한 차이는 차별적으로 나타나고 있다. 지하철을 가장 적극적으로 이용하는 계층의 노인은 상대적으로 소득은 낮으나 이동거리는 가장 긴 적극적인 이동계층으로 나타난다. 노인 지하철 무임승차제도 폐지에 대한 노인들의 전반적인 인식은 부정적인 것으로 나타나고 있으나 이러한 인식 또한 노인들의 특성에 따라 차별화되며, 지하철을 가장 적극적으로 이용하는 저소득 계층의 노인들이 가장 부정적인 시각을 보이고 있고 지하철무임승차제도가 폐지될 경우 일상생활에 가장 큰 부정적인 영향을 입게 될 계층도 이 계층의 노인들로 예상된다. 이러한 점들을 고려할 때 노인 지하철무임승차제도 폐지에 관한 정책적 논의는 단순히 영업 손익에 따른 효율성의 측면만을 고려하여 진행할 것이 아니라 좀 더 포괄적인 사회적 형평성의 측면도 동시에 고려하여 신중히 접근할 필요성이 있다. The focus of this paper is to analyze the major travel patterns of the elderly living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and their attitudes towards the free ride policy for subway use for the elderly. The most preferred travel mode of the elderly is subway excepting walk, and leisure and social activities are the most important purposes for the subway trip. However, there are differences in terms of the rate of subway use and trip purposes among the elderly depending on their personal characteristics. The elderly who use the subway systems most actively are the ones who are relatively poor but travel long distance. The elderly’s general attitudes towards the abolition of free ride policy for subway use for the elderly are very negative. The levels of opposition among the elderly, however, are different. The elderly who are low income but use the subway actively are the ones who oppose the abolition of free ride policy for subway use for the elderly most aggressively, and they are expected to experience the negative impacts due to the abolition of the policy most seriously. Therefore, the issue of the abolition of free ride policy for subway use for the elderly must be approached by more comprehensive perspectives which include the efficiency as well as equity side of the issue.

주중여가통행에 영향을 미치는 개인 및 출발지 근린환경 특성 분석

박성호(Park, Seong-ho),임하나(Im, Ha Na),최창규(Choi, Chang Gyu) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2016 國土計劃 Vol.51 No.5

The purpose of this study to examine the relationship between leisure trip on weekday and the personal characteristics and neighborhood built environment in Seoul. We analyzed the characteristics of the weekday leisure trip, and identified the difference of characteristics with the trip origin being classified into home and office. This study used [2010 household travel diary survey in the Seoul metropolitan Area]. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, The average travel time for leisure trip was around 30 minutes, and leisure trip distance was average 3.5㎞. Second, the leisure trip distance from a office was longer than that from home. But, travel time for leisure trip from a office was shorter than that from home. While the rate of using a car and railroad from a office was higher, the rate of walking and using a bus from home was higher. Third, factors influencing weekday leisure trip included availability of a car, type of house, income, land use mix, type of trip origin, travel mode choice, and accessibility. Fourth, there was a difference between factors influencing leisure travel from a office and home. There were more factors influencing the travel departing from residence than those from a office. This study suggests that, weekday leisure travel in Seoul, there was a significant relationship between the leisure travel time and distance according to urban physical environments.

여가·관광통행 자료 수집을 위한 방법론 연구

장윤정(Yoon Jeung Jang) 한국관광연구학회 2015 관광연구저널 Vol.29 No.3

It is difficult for traditional household travel survey method to process non-daily travels, such as leisure, tourism, shopping, and recreation activities, due to the irregular travel patterns and multiple destination characteristics. This difficulty poses limitations on the traditional methods, starting from the construction phase of a database. In addition to, using actual surveyors limits the survey process to a shot-term period or to certain number of day, and the lack of cooperation among respondents can make it difficult to gather reliable data. Several travel survey methods for collecting travel and activity data that use Information and Communication Technology to overcome the limitations are already under development in various developed countries. In this setting, this study suggested the methodology for collection of leisure travel based on ICT. First, In the respects of survey function, the travel survey has to consider an expansion of travel mode involved flights, classification of purpose concerned leisure activity, and variability of leisure destinations. Second, In the viewpoint of travel behavior, it has to consist the items considering an irregularity of leisure travel, spatial and physical characteristics, and leisure constrains, such as social interaction etc. Third, it considered a game scenario based on socio-demographic and travel survey features and included elements of competition in the form of obtaining points with regards to game operation.

Segmentation Analysis of Domestic Tourists – A Case Study

Rajat Rastogi,Harikrishna M.,Ajit Patil 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.5

This paper presents the segmentation analysis of domestic leisure tourists in India. Samples were taken from visitors to 6 cities categorised by ‘leisure value’ and the population was further segmented based on ‘household income’ and ‘trip frequency’. Key salient features were substantial numbers of tourists belonging to middle-income group, and major share going to train. Logit analysis was carried out. NL structure was justified for seven categorisations out of nine. The proposed sub-categorisation was found to be significant and statically different then the parent population. Factors like household income, comfort and convenience of use of a travel mode, service levels in travel modes, budgetary constraints, presence of children and older persons in a family and affordability of travel mode were found to be influencing the leisure travel. Consideration set got influenced by user and destination connectivity. Frequency of travel was affected by economic affordability and status of the tourist. Value of travel time kept shifting judiciously across the sub-categories. The tourists valued their time highly if visiting spiritual locations or made less number of leisure trips in a year. Middle income group was found aspiring to avail higher facilities on leisure travel and was willing to pay more for the same. Policy initiatives are proposed based on the work. The approach is applicable to any city across the countries, which has either cultural, religious or waterfront value.

대학생 목적지 선택 행태 분석: 선택 영향 요인을 중심으로

양지현 ( Ji Hyun Yang ),조창현 ( Chang Hyeon Joh ) 한국경제지리학회 2016 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Destination choice analysis is an important issue of transportation demand research. The current study analyses the influential factors for university students` trip destination choice. The university students differ from other population groups in many aspects. The study is concerned with shopping, leisure and amusement purposes of trips, other than obligatory trips such as going to school. University students` daily life differs from those of employees and middle and high school students in the sense that a lot of flexible activities are mixed with fixed activities such as work and school attending. A multinomial logit analysis investigates the significance of the impact of a set of variables including residential location, gender and income of the university student. The results show that these variables affect the destination choice of shopping, leisure and amusement. The analysis also provides interesting interpretation of the relationships of the variables with the location choices, which are particularly relevant to the university students.