SWMM 모형을 이용한 농업용 저수지 용수분배 모의 및 관개효율 평가

신지현,남원호,방나경,김한중,안현욱,도종원,이광야 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.62 No.3

The management of agricultural water can be divided into management of agricultural infrastructure and operation to determine the timing and quantityof water supply. The target of water management is classified as water-supply facilities, such as reservoirs, irrigation water supply, sluice gate control,and farmland. In the case of agricultural drought, there is a need for water supply capacity in reservoirs and for drought assessment in paddy fieldsthat receive water from reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the water supply amount from intake capacity to irrigation canal network. Theanalysis of the irrigation canal network should be considered for efficient operation and planning concerning optimized irrigation and water allocation. In this study, we applied a hydraulic analysis model for agricultural irrigation networks by adding the functions of irrigation canal network analysisusing the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) module and actual irrigation water supply log data from May to August during 2015-2019 yearsin Sinsong reservoir. The irrigation satisfaction of ponding depth in paddy fields was analyzed through the ratio of the number of days the targetponding depth was reached for each fields. This hydraulic model can assist with accurate irrigation scheduling based on its simulation results. The resultsof evaluating the irrigation efficiency of water supply can be used for efficient water distribution and management during the drought events.

Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Soil Water Distribution and Water Use Efficiency of Waxy Maize Under Rain-Shelter Cultivation

Yuan Chengfu,Wang Xue,Zhou Miao 한국농업기계학회 2024 바이오시스템공학 Vol.49 No.1

Purpose In order to study the defi cit irrigation eff ect on waxy maize under rain-shelter cultivation, fi eld experiments were conducted in southern China. Methods The eff ects of defi cit irrigation on soil moisture distribution and water use effi ciency of waxy maize were studied by measuring soil moisture content, plant height, leaf area index, yield, and yield composition. Results The results showed that under diff erent irrigation quotas, the soil water content of defi cit irrigation was lower than that of suffi cient irrigation. Defi cit irrigation can improve the utilization effi ciency of soil water. The soil water content was mainly distributed in the water absorbing layer of crop roots (20–60 cm). 2/3 ET c defi cit irrigation had little infl uence on the plant height, leaf-area-index, yield, and yield components of waxy maize. Compared with suffi cient irrigation, the overall growth index of waxy maize decreased by less than 10%, the water consumption of waxy maize decreased by more than 20%, and the water utilization effi ciency and irrigation water utilization effi ciency of waxy maize increased 25–40%. Compared with suffi cient irrigation, the water consumption of glutinous corn has decreased by more than 20%, and the water use effi ciency and irrigation water effi ciency have increased by 25–40%. Conclusion Waxy maize was irrigated for fi ve times throughout its entire growth period, and total irrigation quota was 370 mm (2/3 ET c ) during the whole growth period, which was a better defi cit irrigation schedule for waxy maize under rain-shelter cultivation. Irrigation wax corn fi ve times, with a total irrigation quota of 370 mm (2/3 ET c ), is a better defi cit irrigation system for wax corn under shaded cultivation conditions.

Reuse of Reclaimed Water for Irrigation on Paddy Rice Culture and Its Effect

( Chun G. Yoon ),( Jong-hwa Ham ),( Ji-hong Jeon ) 한국농공학회 2002 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.44 No.7

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.

HSPF와 다중 저류지 모형을 이용한 농업지역 순환관개에 의한 하천 수질 및 배출부하 영향 분석

이경석,이동훈,안영미,강주현 한국습지학회 2023 한국습지학회지 Vol.25 No.4

순환관개는 농업유역내 하천수를 상류의 농경지로 재투입시켜 관개용수로써 활용하고 기 사용된 용수는 직접유출또는 기저유출의 형태로 하천으로 회귀되는 관개방식이다. 순환관개는 용수 및 양분 확보 측면에서 장점이 크지만순환관개 후 발생하는 회귀수는 과투입된 양분을 함유하고 있어 하천 수질에 악영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 순환관개에 따른 하천 수질변화에 대한 정량적 분석은 효율적인 농업용수 공급과 수질관리대책 수립을 위해 반드시 필요하다. 유역내 수문 및 오염물질의 순환, 그리고 하천수질에 대한 정량적 영향을 통합적으로 분석하기 위하여 유역모델이 주로 활용되고 있으나 대부분의 유역모델들은 순환관개에 의한 수질 영향을 모의할 수 있는 기능을제공하고 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) 유역모델과 다중 저류지 모델(Multi-reservoir model)을 연계하여 순환관개 시스템 운영에 따른 하천수질 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 대상 지역은 경상남도 창녕군 계성천 유역내 순환관개를 시행하고 있는 관곡천 소유역으로 농업활동에 의한 오염물질 배출이 주된 지역이다. 먼저 계성천 및 관곡천을 대상으로 구축된 HSPF모델을 활용하여 관개지역에서의 배출수(직접유출 및 기저유출) 및 하천수에 대한 연간 유량 및 수질 변화 시계열 자료를 생성하고 이를 토대로 자체구축한 다중저류조 모델을 보정한 후 순환관개 모의에 사용하였다. 다중 저류지 모델에서 관곡천 유역을 관개지역과관곡천 등 두 개의 하위시스템으로 구성하고 순환관개에 따른 하위시스템내 반응(식물흡수, 흡탈착, 및 소멸) 및 하위시스템 간 물 및 물질(질소 및 인)전달 관계를 모의할 수 있도록 하였다. 최종적으로 순환관개 운영 유무에 따라총 3개의 시나리오를 구성하여 연간 순환관개용수량 변화에 따른 관곡천 수질영향을 분석하였다. The recycled irrigation is a type of irrigation that uses downstream water to fulfill irrigation demand in the upstream agricultural areas; the used irrigation water returns back to the downstream. The recycled irrigation is advantageous for securing irrigation water for plant growth, but the returned water typically contains high levels of nutrients due to excess nutrients inputs during the agricultural activities, potentially deteriorating stream water quality. Therefore, quantitative assessment on the effect of the recycled irrigation on the stream water quality is required to establish strategies for effective irrigation water supply and water quality management. For this purpose, a watershed model is generally used; however no functions to simulate the effects of the recycled irrigation are provided in the existing watershed models. In this study, we used multi-reservoir model coupled with the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) to estimate the effect of the recycled irrigation on the stream water quality. The study area was the Gwangok stream watershed, a subwatershed of Gyeseong stream watershed in Changnyeong county, Gyeongsangnam-do. The HSPF model was built, calibrated, and used to produce time series data of flow and water quality, which were used as hypothetical observation data to calibrate the multi-reservoir model. The calibrated multi-reservoir model was used for simulating the recycled irrigation. In the multi-reservoir model, the Gwangok watershed consisted of two subsystems, irrigation and the Gwangok stream, and the reactions (plant uptake, adsorption, desorption, and decay) within each subsystem, and fluxes of water and materials between the subsystems, were modeled. Using the developed model, three scenarios with different combinations of the operating conditions of the recycled irrigation were evaluated for their effects on the stream water quality.

관개용수로의 자동수위측정 자료를 활용한 농업용 저수지 공급량 산정 및 분석

방재홍 ( Bang Jehong ),최진용 ( Choi Jin-yong ),윤푸른 ( Yoon Pureun ),오창조 ( Oh Chang-jo ),맹승진 ( Maeng Seung-jin ),배승종 ( Bae Seung-jong ),장민원 ( Jang Min-won ),장태일 ( Jang Taeil ),박명수 ( Park Myeong Soo ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.63 No.1

KRC (Korea Rural Community Corporation) is in charge of about 3,400 agricultural reservoirs out of 17,240 agricultural reservoirs, and automatic water level gauges in reservoirs and canals were installed to collect reservoir and canal water level data from 2010. In this study, 10-minute water level data of 173 reservoir irrigation canals from 2016 to 2018 are collected, and discharge during irrigation season was calculated using rating curves. For estimation of water supply, irrigation water requirement was calculated with HOMWRS (Hydrological Operation Model for Water Resources System), and the summation of reservoir water storage decrease was calculated with daily reservoir storage data from RAWRIS (Rural Agricultural Water Resource Information System). From the results, the total yearly amount of irrigation water supply showed less than 10% difference than the irrigation water requirement. The regional analysis revealed that reservoirs in Jeollanam-do and Chungcheongnam-do supply greater irrigation water than average. On the contrary, reservoirs in Gyeongsangnam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do supply less than others. This study was conducted with a limited number of reservoirs compared to total agricultural reservoirs. Nevertheless, it can indicate irrigation water supply from agricultural reservoirs to provide information about agricultural water use for irrigation.

우리나라 先史∼古代水利施設의괮型과 發達過程

성정용 한국상고사학회 2015 한국상고사학보 Vol.87 No.-

수리(水利)란 무엇인가? 인간생활에 이로움을 주기 위한 수리시설은 농경이 시작된 이래 필수적으로 필요한 것이었으며, 관개체계의 발달은 곧 농경발달의 역사라 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 또한 농경은 한 사회 내에서 인구증가를 해결할 수 있는 불가피한 수단이자 경제적 부를 축적할 수 있는 원천가운데 하나로서, 풍요로운생산을 뒷받침할 수 있는 효율적 수단이 바로 수리 관개시설인 것이다. 우리나라의 수리시설은 청동기시대부터 발달하기 시작하였으며, 이는 수도작의 실시와 불가분의 관계를 갖고 있다. 이는 크게 洑와 같이 하천의 물을 막거나 물길을 돌려 관개하는 引水灌漑괮型, 제방[堤]을 축조하여 물을 저수하고 충적지 전체를 경작지로바꾸어 관개하는 築堤貯水灌漑괮型, 방파제 등과 같이 물의 유입을 차단하여 경작지를 확대하거나 보호하도록만드는 築堤保田괮型으로 대별할 수 있다. 이들은 단순한 관개방식의 차이가 아닌 시기에 따른 발달과정도 담보하고 있다. 우리나라 관개시설의 발달과정은 크게 4단계로 구분할 수 있을 듯하다. Ⅰ단계는 수도작농경이 본격화되는청동기시대의 관개시설로서, 소규모의 引水灌漑시설들이 작은 하천들마다 설치되고 이를 지역집단들이 소규모로 관리·운영하는 체계였던 것으로 생각된다. 이 인수관개유형은 이후 시기에도 규모를 달리하며 계속 만들어진다. Ⅱ단계는 원삼국시대 후기∼삼국시대 초기로서 고고학적 증거는 아직 명확하지 않으나, 문헌기록을볼 때 하천과 하천을 연결하여 물의 공습과 배수를 하는 인공적인 수로의 존재가 예상되는 등 저습지 개발의서막이 오는 시기로 생각된다. Ⅲ단계는 山間계곡에 대규모 제방의 건설을 통해 하천 하류 충적지 전체를 개발하는 築堤貯水灌漑괮型이 성립하는 단계이다. 이를 포함하여 늦어도 A.D.5세기 무렵에는 이전과는 차원을달리하는 관개체계가 성립되어 삼국시대 국가간 경쟁의 경제적 토대가 되었다고 보인다. Ⅳ단계는 고려시대후기의 기록을 통해 저습지를 개발하는 더욱 발달된 관개체계가 이루어졌을 가능성이 있으나, 이에 대해서는아직 고고학적 증거가 없어 검토의 여지가 있다. What is irrigation? The irrigation facility which is to give benefits to human life has been an essentialthing since the dawn of agriculture, and it is not much to say that development in the irrigation systemis the very history of development in agriculture. Also, agriculture is an inevitable means to resolve theproblem of increase in the population within a society and is, at the same time, one of the sources fromwhich economic wealth can be accumulated, and the efficient means to ensure abundant production isthe very irrigation facility. The irrigation facility in Korea began to develop from the Bronze Age, andwas inseparably related to rice farming using water. The irrigation facilities in Korea can be largelyclassified into the Water-guiding Type Irrigation where the farmland is irrigated by blocking orrerouting the water in a river with a weir, the Farmland-forming Embankment Type Irrigation where abank is built to store water and the entire alluvion is changed to a farmland and irrigated, and theFarmland-protecting Embankment Type Irrigation where the farmland is expanded or protected byblocking inflow of water with a breakwater. These show not only the simple difference in the irrigationmethods but also the development processes changed over time. It seems that the development process of irrigation facilities in Korea can be largely divided into 4stages. The first stage was the irrigation facility of the Bronze Age when rice farming started in earnest. A small Water-guiding Type Irrigation facility was thought to be installed on every small river, whichwas managed and operated by a local group in a small scale. These Water-guiding Type Irrigationfacilities continued being made even after this period in different scales. The second stage was betweenthe latter part of the Proto-three Kingdoms Period to the early part of the Three Kingdoms Period and,though the archaeological evidence is not clear yet, it is thought to be the period when the developmentof low marsh started, as the existence of artificial watercourses used to supply and drain water byconnecting two rivers is expected from the literature record. The third stage was the stage when WaterstoragingEmbankment Type Irrigation appeared where the entire alluvion on the lower part of a riverwas developed by constructing a large scale embankment in a valley. Including this, it is presumedthat, around the 5th century A.D. at latest, irrigation systems of different levels from that of the pastwere formed and became the economic basis for competition between the states during the ThreeKingdoms Period. As to the fourth stage, it is found through the record in the latter part of the GoryeoPeriod that a more advanced irrigation system of developing low marsh might have been possiblyachieved; as there is yet to be any archaeological evidence, it needs further reviews.

자동점적관수에 의한 토성별 수분함량 및 장력 변화특성 비교 연구

김학진,안성욱,한경화,최진용,정선옥,노미영,허승오 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2013 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Maintenance of adequate soil tension or content during the period of crop growth is necessary to support optimum plant growth and yields. A better understanding of soil tension and content for precision irrigation would allow optimal soil water condition to crops and minimize the adverse effects of water stress on crop growth and development. This research reports on a comparison of soil water tension and content variations in differently textured soils over time under drip irrigation using two different water management methods, i.e. pulse time and required water irrigation methods. The pulse time-based irrigation was performed by turning the solenoid valve on and off for preset times to allow the wetting front to disperse in root zone before additional water was applied. The required water estimation method was a new water control logic designed by Rural Development Administration that applies the amount of water required based on a conversion of the measured water tension into water content. The use of the pulse time irrigation method under drip irrigation at a high tension of −20 kPa and high temperatures over 30oC was not successful at maintaining moisture tensions within an appropriate range of 5 kPa because the preset irrigation times used for water control could not compensate for the change in evapotranspiration during day and night. The response time and pattern of water contents for all of the tested soils measured with capacitance-based sensor probes were faster and more direct than those of water tensions measured with porous and ceramic cup-based tensiometers when water was applied, indicating water content would be a better control variable for automatic irrigation. The required water estimation-based irrigation method provided relatively stable control of moisture tension,even though somewhat lower tension values were obtained as compared to the target tension of −20 kPa, indicating that growers could expect to be effective in controlling low tensions ranging from −10 to −20 kPa with the required water estimation system. 본 연구에서는 토성에 따른 물의 이용효율을 높이면서재배 작물의 생산성을 최대화하기 위한 효율적인 자동관개 로직을 개발하고자, 수분장력값을 관수 개시점으로하여 물 공급 유지와 멈춤을 간헐적으로 수행하는 펄스형 관개방식과 측정한 수분장력값을 이용하여 토양수분량을 예측해 재배작물에 적합한 물량을 추가 투입하는필요물량계산 관수방식을 적용하여 토성이 다른 실험베드에서 2년간 토마토 작물을 재배하면서 토양수분 함량과 장력의 변화를 측정비교하였다. 물공급 30초와 멈춤30분 및 15분 조건을 이용한 펄스형 관수방식과 필요물량계산 방식에서 얻어진 수분장력값은 목표한 −20kPa 조건에 비해 각각 −42~−8kPa, −20~−10kPa로 나타나 필요물량 계산방식이 균일한 수분장력을 유지하는 측면에서는 유리하였으나 토양수분상태는 상대적으로 습하였다. 공시 토성 모두에서 수분함량은 수분장력에 비해 시간반응이 빠르면서 물공급에 따라 비례적으로 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 수분변화 값은 펄스형 관수와 필요물량계산 관수방식의 경우 사양토 기준으로 각각 17~24%, 19~31%로서 펄스형 관수방식이 수분변화 값이 작으면서 시간에 따라 안정적인 값을 유지한 것으로 나타났는데 이는 물공급에 따른 수분함량의 시간변화가 수분장력에 비해 뚜렷하게 빠름과 관계가 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 펄스형 관수방식은 수분함량값을 이용하여 수분을 조절하는 것이 유리함을 의미한다.

담수심과 오수처리수 관개가 벼재배에 미치는 영향

윤춘경 ( Chun G. Yoon ),황하선 ( Ha Sun Hwang ),정광욱 ( Kwang Wook Jung ),전지홍 ( Ji Hong Jeon ) 한국농공학회 2003 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.45 No.4

Pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of ponded-water depth and reclaimed wastewater irrigation on paddy rice culture. For the ponded-water depth effect, three treatments of shallow, traditional, and deep water depths were applied, and each treatment was triplicated. The irrigation water for the treatment pots was an effluent from constructed wetland system for sewage treatment, while the control pot was irrigated with tap water kept traditional ponded-water depth. Irrigation water quantity varied with ponded-water depth as expected and drainage water quantity also varied similarly, which implies that shallow irrigation might save irrigation water and also reduce environmental impacts on downstream water quality. Rice growth and production were not significantly affected by ponded-water depth within the experimental condition, instead there was an indication of increased production in shallow and deep ponded-water depths compared to the traditional practice. Raising drainage outlet to the adequate height in paddy dike might be beneficial to save water resources within the paddy field. There was no adverse effect observed in reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the rice production, and mean yield was even greater than the control pots with tap water irrigation although statistically not significant. Water-saving irrigation by shallow ponded-water depth, raising the outlet height in diked rice paddy fields, minimizing forced surface drainage by well-planned irrigation, and reclaimed wastewater irrigation are suggested to save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from traditional farming practices might affect rice growth in long term, and therefore, further investigations are recommended before full scale application.

Influences of Discharge Waters from Wastewater Treatment Plants on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Percolation Water Salinity

신중두,이종식,김원일,이창은,윤순강,엄기철,Shin, Joung-Du,Lee, Jong-Sik,Kim, Won-Il,Lee, Chang-Eun,Yun, Sun-Gang,Eom, Ki-Cheol Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2003 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.36 No.1

벼 재배에 있어 이앙기 가뭄시 대체 용수원을 개발하고자 공장폐수처리장(이하 공장폐수 처리수)와 하수종말처리장 방류수(이하 하수처리수)를 관개한 다음 지하 침투수 수질 및 벼생육 변화를 구명하기 위해 본 시험을 수행하였다. 대체 관개 용수원으로서 공장폐수 처리수의 COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $Mn^{2+}$, 및 $Ni^+$ 농도와 하수처리수중의 SS및 $PO_4-P$농도는 여러 국가들의 관개 재활용 수질 기준보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하수처리수의 초장은 공장폐수 처리수 10일간 관개구를 제외하고 지하수 관개구 보다 약 2 cm 정도 짧았으나, 지하수 및 하수처리수 관개구의 경수는 관개기간에 관개 없이 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 하수처리수 및 공장폐수 처리수 20일 관개구의 수확지수는 유의차가 없었지만, 공장폐수 처리수 30일 관개구의 수확지수는 토성에 관계없이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 약간 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중의 SAR값은 하수처리수 관개구보다 2배 이상 높았지만, 하수처리수 관개구는 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이앙 30일 후 공장폐수 및 하수종말처리수 관개구의 토양침출수중 평균 전기전도도(EC1) 값은 각각 식양토에서 4.7과 $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$ 그리고 사양토에서 3.5 및 $2.5dS\;m^{-1}$로 나타났다. 전생육 기간 및 토성에 따른 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중 $EC_i$값이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 2배 이상 높게 나타났지만, 이앙 30일 후부터 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그렇지만 하수종말 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수 중 $EC_i$ 값은 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 벼 재배시 하수종말 처리수는 가뭄으로 인한 농업용수가 부족한 경우 대체수자원으로서 잠정적 활용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다. Objective of this study was to assess rice growth and percolation water salinity under the irrigation of the discharge waters from the municipal wastewater treatment plant and from the industrial wastewater treatment plant as alternative water resources during transplanting season. Three kinds of waters were irrigated; the discharge water from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (DIWT), the discharge water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (DMWT), and groundwater. Concentrations of $COD_{er}$, $NH_4{^+}_-N$, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Ni^+$ in DIWT, SS content and $PO_4-P$ concentrations in DMWT were higher than those of reuse water criteria of other country for agricultural irrigation. The plant height in the irrigation of DMWT was shorter by 2 cm than the groundwater irrigation except for 10 days irrigation. However, the number of tillerings was not significantly different between DMWT and the groundwater. For the harvest index, there were no significant difference between DMWT and DIWT for 20 days irrigation, but slightly higher in DIWT than that of DMWT for 30 days irrigation regardless of soil types. The salinity of percolation water in the rhizosphere with irrigation of DIWT had more twofold than DMWT, but SAR value from DMWT had no significantly different from the groundwater irrigation. The average $EC_i$ values in the rooting zone irrigated with DIWT and DMWT for 30 days after rice transplanting were 4.7 and $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$ in clay loam soil, and were 3.5 and $2.5dS\;m^{-1}$ in sandy loam soil, respectively. There was dramatic decrease in $EC_i$ value at 30 days after rice transplanting even though $EC_i$ of DIWT had more twofold than DMWT. However, $EC_i$ from DMWT had no significant difference from the groundwater. Therefore, it might be considered that there was limited possibility to irrigate DMWT to overcome drought injury of rice transplanting season in paddy field.

Originals : Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Percolation Water Qualities to Alternative Irrigation Waters

( Joung Du Shin ),( Min Su Han ),( Jin Ho Kim ),( Goo Bok Jung ),( Sun Gang Yun ),( Ki Cheol Eom ),( Myoung Sun Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objective of this study was to investigate the influences of harvest index and percolation water quality as irrigated the discharge waters from an industrial and a municipal wastewater treatment plants and seawater (1:5 seawater: tap water) as alternative water resources during tillering stage for drought stress. There were four different treatments such as the discharge water from an industrial (textile dyeing manufacture plant) wastewater treatment plant (DIWT),discharge water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (DIWT) seawater (1:5) and ground-water as a control. For the initial chemical compositions of alternative waters, it appeared that higher concentrations of COD, Mn^(2+), and Ni^(+) in DIWT were observed than reused criteria of other country for irrigation, and concentrations of EC_(i), Cl and SO₄ in seawater were higher than that for irrigation. Harvest index was not significantly different between DIWT and DMWT with different irrigation periods in two soil types, but that of seawater (1:5) is decreased with irrigation periods in clay loam soil and not different between 10 days and 20 days of irrigation periods in sandy loam soil. For percolation water qualities, values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are increased with prolonging the imgation periods of seawater (1:5) and DIWT, but those of DMWT were almost constant through the cultivation periods regardless of the irrigation period in both soil types. EC_(i) of percolation waters is eventually increased with prolonging days after irrigation regardless of irrigation periods in both soil types. Therefore, it might be concluded that there was potentially safe to irrigate the discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant relative to harvest index, SAR and EC_(i) values of the ground water through the rice cultivation period at tillering stage for drought period.