국가이미지가 수입식품안전인식 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향

류미현(Ryu, Mi Hyun),이승신(Lee, Seung Sin) 한국소비문화학회 2013 소비문화연구 Vol.16 No.4

수입자유화 이후 국내 시장의 개방으로 많은 나라의 제품들이 수입되어 소비자들의 소비생활에 다양하게 이용되고 있으며, 그 중 수입식품의 경우 지속적으로 식탁점유율이 높아지고 있으므로 이에 대한 안전인식과 구매의도를 파악해 보는 것은 의미가 있을 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 청소년소비자를 대상으로 하였는데 청소년소비자들의 경우 향후 식품 구매확대와 더불어 수입식품에 대한 구매도 증가될 것이므로 안전한 식생활을 위해서 본 연구는 중요하다고 생각된다. 본 조사는 중ㆍ고등학생을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 2013년 6월 24일 부터 7월 15일까지 이루어졌으며, 총 438부가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 program을 이용하여 평균, 표준편차, 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 상관관계, 중회귀분석 그리고 경로분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 보면 첫째, 청소년소비자들의 중국과 미국 국가이미지 인식 차이 분석 결과 중국보다 미국에 대해 국가이미지 전체와 하위영역에서 모두 긍정적으로 생각하고 있었다. 또한 하위 유형 중 중국, 미국 모두 국민이미지가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년소비자들의 중국과 미국 수입식품 안전인식 수준에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 ‘수입식품 재료 안전’, ‘수입식품 위생’, ‘수입식품 성분표시 정확’, ‘수입식품 유통기한 표시 정확’ 등의 하위 문항 모두에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 중국보다는 미국 수입식품에 대한 인식 수준이 더 긍정적으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 수입식품보다는 미국 수입식품의 경우 구매의도가 높았다. 하지만 미국의 경우도 절대적 수준으로 볼 때 낮은 수준임을 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 중국 수입식품 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 변수들의 총인과적 효과의 크기를 비교하면 수입식품 안전인식이 가장 크고 그 다음은 수입식품 섭취경험, 국가관계이미지, 국민이미지, 학년, 남학생, 어머니연령 순으로 나타났다. 또한 미국 수입식품 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 총인과적 효과의 크기를 비교하면 수입식품 섭취경험이 가장 크고 그 다음은 수입식품 안전인식, 국민이미지, 경제이미지, 어머니연령, 학년의 순으로 나타났다. 국가이미지나 수입식품에 대한 섭취경험으로 친숙함이 이루어져 안전인식을 높이 평가하고 이로 인해 구매의도가 높아진다는 것은 청소년소비자들의 안전한 식생활에 문제가 될 수 있으므로 수입식품의 안전을 올바로 인식하고 정확한 판단아래 식품의 구매가 이루어질 수 있도록 정보제공 및 소비자교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다. After the import liberalization, our domestic market has been opened and imported goods from a lot of countries, and consumers have been using them for their consuming life in diverse ways. In particular, as imported food’s table occupation has been constantly increasing, it will be meaningful to figure out safety perception and purchase Intention regarding it. Especially about adolescent consumers, when they become an adult in no distant future, their own food purchase will increase and also their imported food purchase will be more frequent. Thus, this study is considered to be crucial in enhancing adolescent consumers’ safety perception and helping them lead a safe dietary life. This study involves a survey conducted from Jun 24 to July 15, 2013. Total 438 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Mean, standard deviation, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation, multiple regression, path analysis were analyzed, using SPSS 20.0 program. The major findings of this research are as follows: first, according to the analysis on adolescent consumers’ perception on the country image of China and America, they regard America more positively than China in terms of the overall country image and also the subareas. Moreover, both China and America show the lowest people image. Second, there is significant difference in the level of adolescent consumers’ safety perception regarding the food imported from China and America. However, the level of their perception on the imported food is more positive about America than China. Third, purchase intention is higher about the food imported from America than China. In terms of the absolute level, however, America indicates a low level. Fourth, when the size of total causal effect of the variables affecting the intention to purchase food imported from China, safety perception on the food imported from China is the greatest, and the next are imported food intake experience, image related with national relations, people image, grades, male students, and mother’s age in order. Also, when the size of total causal effect affecting the intention to purchase food imported from America, intake experience of the food imported from America is the biggest, and the next are safety perception on the food imported from America, people image, economic image, mother's age, and grades in order. In other words, regarding the level of purchase intention about China and America, America is relatively higher; however, about total causal effect affecting purchase intention, imported food safety perception and imported food familiarity are the highest in China, and regarding purchase intention on the food imported from America, familiarity of the food imported from America and safety perception of the food imported from America are found to be high. On national image and imported food intake consists of familiar experience appreciate the safety awareness This increases the degree of buying a safe diet can be a problem because it is recognized correctly, the safety of imported food products under the correct judgment information to be made available for purchase, and consumer education will be made.

The Ability to Identify the Imported Foods among Housewives in Cheongju Area

Kim Kinam,Park Eunjin,Cho Jinsuk Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2005 Journal of community nutrition Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of the study was to get some information about the educational program for consumers in the community. For this, the author investigated the ability to identify the imported foods and the educational contents to be taught. The subjects for this study were 183 housewives living in Cheongju city, and the research was conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2003. A survey questionnaire was distributed, asking general matters regarding the subject, attitude when purchasing foods, the ability to identify the imported foods, educational contents to be taught, and the identification ability between the domestic and the imported foods. The data was analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviations using SAS program, and was also examined with Chi-square or ANOVA. $92.3\%$ of housewives checked the label to distinguish between the domestic food and the imported one, among which $99.5\%$ preferred to buy the domestic brand. For major reasons of this preference, $46.3\%$ of them reported that the imported foods had many harmful substances. $66.1\%$ of the subjects, however, replied that they did not have the ability to discern the differences between the two. The identification information was received from 'TV or radio program', which $61.7\%$ of the subjects reported as such. $61.5\%$ of the subjects were inclined to receive education about the imported foods. For the educational contents, $75.4\%$ wanted to learn 'the method to identify the imported foods'. According to the identification test on the imported foods, they got 13.6 points on the average out of 40 points, which was quite low. The highest correct answer was for pteridium aquilinum ($63.7\%$), sesame ($49.2\%$), and yellow croaker ($45.6\%$), while the highest incorrect answer was for red pepper powder ($40.4\%$), chestnut ($40.6\%$), and dried pepper ($32.2\%$). The results suggested that most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards the imported agricultural products, but their identification ability was quite poor. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and publicity work in relation to the identification methods for the imported foods so that consumers may have less risk from the imported agricultural products.

수입식품 안전관리에 관한 소비자 교육 컨텐츠 개발 및 교육효과 조사 - 서울시에 거주하는 여대생 중심으로-

정지인,강은진,조미영,최계선,홍영표,서갑종,김건희 한국식품위생안전성학회 2009 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study was carried out to evaluate the consumer recognition with regard to the safety management for imported foods. In order to evaluate the effect of the prgram on consumer education, the program was practiced for 89 female college students in Seoul, Korea. The participants were given an instruction with materials on imported food safety, including the safety management of imported foods and their distribution. The results showed that the participants achieved a greater understanding of imported foods. In particular, they had firmly grasped the importance of expiration date in selecting imported foods. Before the instruction, 50.6% of total participants blamed the Korean government for the problems arising from imported foods; only 18.0% placed the blame on individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. After the instruction, 39.3% had blamed the individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. Furthermore, 36.0% had disapproved of the foods that are imported from China before the instruction, while 32.6% found objectionable the views on the illegally distributed foods; 29.2% criticized the junk foods that target children (after the instruction). In addition, the level of participant satisfaction via-a-vis imported foods safety supervision had improved from 2.76 ± 1.59(before the instruction) to 3.37 ± 1.58(after the instruction). The results indicate that consumers are concerned with the imported foods that contain adulterated or forbidden substances and the illegally distributed foods from foreign countries. Thus, consistent and informative educational programs on imported food safety could help consumers in choosing safer products, resulting in an improvement in the consumer confidence with respect to imported foods.

수입식품 안전관리에 대한 소비자 인식도 조사

장민선(Min-Sun Chang),강은진(Eun-Jin Kang),조미영(Mi-Young Cho),최계선(Gye-Sun Choi),홍영표(Young-Pyo Hong),서갑종(Kab-Jong Seo),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.11

본 연구에서는 수입식품에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 수입식품 안전관리 개선점을 제안하고자 하였다. 서울, 용인, 천안, 대구, 부산, 광주 그리고 강원도에 거주하는 소비자 1065명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 통계처리는 S-Plus 8.0을 통하여 분석하였다. 조사대상자의 일반사항, 수입식품 확인과 범위에 대한 인식도, 구입 시 가장 고려하는 사항 및 안전성 확보를 위하여 개선되어야 할 부분 등 12가지 문항에 대하여 조사하였다. 수입식품 구입 시, 수입식품인지 반드시 확인하는 경우는 35.7%, 가장 고려하는 사항은 원산지(56.7%)였으며, 수입식품 위해요인 중 가장 큰 것은 유해한 식품첨가물의 미확인(35.7%)이었다. 안전문제 발생 시, 어떤 내용인지 잘 알아본 후에 구입을 결정하는 경우는 50.0%였으며, 방송매체를 통하여 정보를 가장 많이 습득(53.3%)하였다. 안전성 확보를 위하여 개선되어야 할 부분은 수입 시 검사 강화(30.4%)였고, 제한적 정보 제공(42.3%)으로 인한 소비자 불만이 높았다. 전반적인 수입식품에 대한 소비자들의 우려가 높았으며, 이에 따른 엄격한 검사관리 기준과 제도적인 뒷받침이 필요하다고 사료된다. This study investigated consumer awareness on imported food safety management. The questionnaire explored status for confirmation as imported foods, consideration factors when imported foods were marketed, ways for finding imported food safety information, people responsible for problems in imported foods safety management, and imported food safety management items. Answers to 1065 questionnaires were analyzed using S-Plus 8.0. The principal results were as follows: 35.7% of respondents always confirmed whether it was imported food. The most important imported foods marketed is children food. 55.1% of respondents think inspectors have responsibility for problems of imported foods safety management. The most important factor for improvement of safety is reinforcement of quarantine. The providing of restricted information only after security problem occurs was the reason for non-satisfaction of safety information.

차원축소를 활용한 해외제조업체 대상 사전점검 예측 모형에 관한 연구

박혜진,최재석,조상구 한국지능정보시스템학회 2023 지능정보연구 Vol.29 No.1

As the number and weight of imported food are steadily increasing, safety management of imported food to prevent food safety accidents is becoming more important. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety conducts on-site inspections of foreign food facilities before customs clearance as well as import inspection at the customs clearance stage. However, a data-based safety management plan for imported food is needed due to time, cost, and limited resources. In this study, we tried to increase the efficiency of the on-site inspection by preparing a machine learning prediction model that pre-selects the companies that are expected to fail before the on-site inspection. Basic information of 303,272 foreign food facilities and processing businesses collected in the Integrated Food Safety Information Network and 1,689 cases of on-site inspection information data collected from 2019 to April 2022 were collected. After preprocessing the data of foreign food facilities, only the data subject to on-site inspection were extracted using the foreign food facility_code. As a result, it consisted of a total of 1,689 data and 103 variables. For 103 variables, variables that were ‘0’ were removed based on the Theil-U index, and after reducing by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis, 49 characteristic variables were finally derived. We build eight different models and perform hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold cross validation. Then, the performance of the generated models are evaluated. The research purpose of selecting companies subject to on-site inspection is to maximize the recall, which is the probability of judging nonconforming companies as nonconforming. As a result of applying various algorithms of machine learning, the Random Forest model with the highest Recall_macro, AUROC, Average PR, F1-score, and Balanced Accuracy was evaluated as the best model. Finally, we apply Kernal SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to present the selection reason for nonconforming facilities of individual instances, and discuss applicability to the on-site inspection facility selection system. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will contribute to the efficient operation of limited resources such as manpower and budget by establishing an imported food management system through a data-based scientific risk management model. 수입식품의 수입 건수와 수입 중량이 꾸준히 증가함에 따라 식품안전사고 방지를 위한 수입식품의 안전관리가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 식품의약품안전처는 통관단계의 수입검사와 더불어 통관 전 단계인 해외제조업소에 대한 현지실사를 시행하고 있지만 시간과 비용이 많이 소요되고 한정된 자원 등의 제약으로 데이터 기반의 수입식품 안전관리 방안이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 현지실사 전 부적합이 예상되는 업체를 사전에 선별하는 기계학습 예측 모형을 마련하여 현지실사의 효율성을 높이고자 하였다. 이를 위해 통합식품안전정보망에 수집된 총 303,272건의 해외제조가공업소 기본정보와 2019년도부터 2022년 4월까지의 현지실사 점검정보 데이터 1,689건을 수집하였다. 해외제조가공업소의 데이터 전처리 후 해외 제조업소_코드를 활용하여 현지실사 대상 데이터만 추출하였고, 총 1,689건의 데이터와 103개의 변수로 구성되었다. 103 개의 변수를 테일유(Theil-U) 지표를 기준으로 ‘0’인 변수들을 제거하였고, 다중대응분석(Multiple Correspondence Analysis)을 적용해 축소 후 최종적으로 49개의 특성변수를 도출하였다. 서로 다른 8개의 모델을 생성하고, 모델 학습 과정에서는 5겹 교차검증으로 과적합을 방지하고, 하이퍼파라미터를 조정하여 비교 평가하였다. 현지실사 대상업체 선별의 연구목적은 부적합 업체를 부적합이라고 판정하는 확률인 검측률(recall)을 최대화하는 것이다. 머신러닝의 다양한 알고리 즘을 적용한 결과 Recall_macro, AUROC, Average PR, F1-score, 균형정확도(Balanced Accuracy)가 가장 높은 랜덤포레 스트(Random Forest)모델이 가장 우수한 모형으로 평가되었다. 마지막으로 모델에 의해서 평가된 개별 인스턴스의 부적합 업체 선정 근거를 제시하기 위해 SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations)을 적용하고 현지실사 업체 선정 시스템에의 적용 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 데이터에 기반한 과학적 위험관리 모델을 통해 수입식품 관리체계의 구축으로 인력·예산 등 한정된 자원의 효율적 운영방안 마련에 기여하길 기대한다.

수입식품 부적합정보 및 글로벌식품 위해정보를 활용한 우리나라 수입식품 안전관리 방안

백서준 ( Seo Jun Baek ),정인권 ( In Kwon Jung ),이병곤 ( Byoung Gon Lee ),김정민 ( Jung Min Kim ),안창준 ( Chang Jun Ahn ),정희석 ( Hee Seok Jung ),최준호 ( Joon Ho Choi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2023 산업 식품공학 Vol.27 No.2

This study investigated the hazard factors based on imported food non-compliance and global food hazard information for the last 4 years to suggest imported food safety management. Food safety management on utensils or packaging containers is appropriately managed for the compounds derived from them. Food safety management on health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products is concentrated on ingredient contents, food additives, and pesticide residuals. Additional hazards are illegal compounds, mycotoxins & pesticide residuals, hygiene-indicator microorganisms and food-borne pathogens in health-functional foods, processed foods, and agricultural products, respectively. The continuous increase in hazards related to safety and hygiene in global food hazard information needs additional attention. To reduce the hazard factors, this study proposes that imported food be limited to products certified by HACCP or an equivalent food safety management system because registering foreign food facilities for processed and health-functional foods is mandatory. Additionally, the customs clearance inspections should focus on the hazard factors derived from the global food hazard information system. This study suggests a global food hazard information system that could derive frequently issued hazard factors at a given period and newly issued hazard factors in aspects, such as food items, subcategories, and exporting countries.

수입식품에 대한 인식도 및 분별력과의 상관성

한장일,김성애 대한지역사회영양학회 1999 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study used questionnaires to investigate the safety awareness for imported foods by 365 male and female adults in Taejon. The results of the study were as follow : By factor analysis, the subjects' behaviors and awareness of the imported food was grouped into 3 factors such as 'health and quality factor', 'purchasing factor' and 'contamination factor'. 'Health and quality factor' and 'purchasing factor' were not recognized negatively by the subjects, moreover' contamination factor' was recognized very highly. The subjects' concern and worry about the imported food was also very high. The marital status, education level, nutriton knowledge adn recognition level of contamination by pesticides and heavy metals of foods partially affected the recognitio level of imported foods. The major selection criteria of imported food were distribution period(36.3%), price(28.8%) and purchasing experience(17.3%). The imported food mean discrimination score was 8.4±3.1 out of 13. The worst discriminatio score was red pepper. The subjects' experiences with imported foods selection affected the most instead of education level or nutrition knowledge. The higher discrimination score group more negatively recognized imported food and contamination recognition level was higher whereas the lowerdiscrimination score group more positively recognized the purchasing frequency and with to buy more easily. But both groups desired to reinforce contamination control. The better discrimination score of imported food pooring recognized sanitation concerns(p<0.05), quality(p<0.05), cooking convenience(p<0.01), desire for more variety(p<0.05), and the higher contamination recognition level(p<0.05) and desire to reinforce contamination control(p<0.01).

중국산 수입식품 현황과 안전관리 연구

고재모 한국동북아경제학회 2011 동북아경제연구 Vol.23 No.1

This study aims to come up with effective counterㆍplans for food safety while the food trade between Korea and China significantly increases and a lot of foods which cause a risk to food safety are imported. The focus of the study is to examine how legislative and administrative management is performed and to see what systems are in place for ensuring food safety. The major findings are as follows:The first is that food sanitation and safety management is incomplete and insufficient,while the Chinese food industry develops very rapidly. Various countermeasures should be established for the health of Korean because a lot of Chinese foods are imported to this country. Lastly, Korea needs to enforce the Beforehand Verification Registration System and the International Certification System quickly. These systems are concerned with the increasing food trade between Korea and China, the imperfect food safety management in China, and the safety management of mass imported foods in both the U.S. and Japan. In conclusion, an effective food safety management system that overcomes the issues mentioned in this study and adheres to safety management standards should be established in Korea immediately. As far as other countries are concerned, China needs to implement the Beforehand Verification Registration System and the Beforehand Certification System in order to ensure its own food safety management effective in the future.

한국식품 수출을 위한 중국의 규제법제에 관한 연구

윤성민 한국관세학회 2019 관세학회지 Vol.20 No.2

최근 식품안전사고가 빈번하게 발생함에 따라, 중국에서는 일반상품에 비해 수입식품에 대한 수요도 급 속히 증가하였다. 이에 따라 중국은 식품안전법을 개정하여 규제를 강화하였고, 특히 수입식품에 대한 안 전규범을 세분화하였다. 중국이 비관세장벽으로 수입식품에 대한 규제조치를 강화함에 따라 수입식품으로 인한 식품안전 분쟁이 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이것은 국가마다 식품위생표준, 식품첨가물기준, 라벨표시기 준이 상이하기 때문이다. 이 연구에서는 한국식품에 대한 중국의 규제 법제를 검토하고, 관련 사례분석을 통해서 한국 수출식품 업계의 대중국 수출확대를 위한 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구의 결론으로 수출국과 수 입국의 수입식품의 안전규범이 동일하지 않기 때문에 한국 기업은 수입국가인 중국의 기준규격을 세밀하 게 주의를 기울이고 지속적인 모니터링을 하여야 할 것이다. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of food safety accidents in China has led to a sharp increase in demand for imported food in China compared to regular foods. As a result, China has revised its Food Safety Act, and in particular has tightened regulations on imported food. As China strengthens regulatory measures on imported food as a non-tariff barriers, food safety disputes with imported food are increasing year by year. This is because each country has different food hygiene standards, food additives standards, and labeling standards. The purpose of this study is to examine import food regulation system in China and to provide implications for expansion of export to China through related case analysis. The conclusion of this study is that Korean companies should pay close attention to Chinese import standards and monitor continuously because importing and exporting food safety standards are not the same.

중국 가공식품시장 진출 방안에 관한 연구 -제주 가공식품을 중심으로-

정지형 ( Jeong Ji Hyeong ),김형근 ( Kim Hyung Geun ) 아시아문화학술원 2017 인문사회 21 Vol.8 No.2

중국은 그동안 우호적인 생산 환경에 기반을 둔 전략적 생산기지, 최적의 가공무역지로서의 역할을 해왔지만, 현재의 중국은 막대한 소비 잠재력을 갖춘 거대 소비시장으로서 그 가치를 재조명 받고 있다. 소득 및 소비 지출의 지속적인 증가로 중국 소비자의 소비경향이 양적 소비에서 질적 소비로 전화되고 있는 추세이며, 이러한 변화는 소비자의 생활과 직결되는 식품에서부터 현저히 나타나고 있다. 중국의 내수 가공식품 시장은 최근 가공식품 수요의 폭발적 증가로 인해 급속히 증가하고 있으며 이와 함께 식품수입 또한 매년 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 중국 국가통계국에 따르면 최근 5년간 중국의 식품수입이 매년 15%씩 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제주 가공식품 시장 분석을 통해 중국 시장진출 활성화를 위한 방안을 모색하고 중국 소비자의 수요를 고려한 전략 수립과 지역별 타깃을 설정하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이와 함께 점점 다양화 되어가고 있는 중국 식품시장 현황 분석을 통해 향후 제주 가공식품의 대중국 진출전략을 제시하였다. The domestic processed food market in China is rapidly growing due to the recent explosive increase of demands for processed food. The food industry in China is showing steep growth beyond the double digits since 2005. On the basis of 2013, the scale of the consumption market is 6.18 trillion yuan(about 1,100 trillion won), and the future market potential like the increase of middle-class population and the expansion of demand scale of inland area is very high. Especially, owing to the improvement of Chinese consumers` income level and their awareness of food safety, the import of food is also largely increasing every year. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, for last five years, the import of food in China has increased 15% every year while the increase ratio of exporting Korean food to China has grown average 28% a year for last five years. The U.S. Food Industry Association is forecasting that China will become the world biggest consumer of imported food in 2018, and the scale of its imported food market will be 480 billion yuan(about $76.97 billion). Currently, Jeju`s export to China is very insignificant. In the aspect of the anticipative measures to cope with the future Korea-China FTA, the measures to vitalize the export of agriculture/fisheries/livestock products from Jeju to China should be sought for. Especially, Chinese consumers` improved awareness of safe food and expanded consumption of imported food due to the increased distrust in food safety within China, could be a new business opportunity to Jeju.